The Copperbelt University: School of Humanities and Social Sciences

The Copperbelt University
School of Humanities and Social Sciences

Department of Economics
BEC 242: Statistics

End of Term One Test
Thursday, February 11, 2021
TIME ALLOWED: Two Hours, 08:00-10:00
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE:

1. All Copperbelt University Examination Rules apply.
2. Answer all questions.
3. Each question carries 20 marks.
4. Be sure to read the questions carefully, there will be no credit for solutions to misread
problems.
5. To receive full credit, you have to carefully show all essential working and concisely
explain all your solutions.
6. Solutions that require an explanation must not exceed two sentences.
7. All solutions must be written on white A4 size plain papers.
[DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO]
Question One
a) State whether the following statement is true, false or uncertain and provide a very brief
justification. No marks will be awarded for just saying true, false or uncertain without any
justification. If set 𝐴 = {𝑖, 𝑜, 𝑎, 𝑢, 𝑒} and 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑒, 𝑖, 𝑜, 𝑢}, then set A is a proper subset of B.
b) State whether the following statement is true, false or uncertain and provide a very brief
justification. No marks will be awarded for just saying true, false or uncertain without any
justification. Let us define a set as 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 2 = −1 }, this indicates that 𝐴 is an empty set.
Suppose we toss a coin twice, let 𝐴 be the event that at least one head is obtained and 𝐵 the
event that the second toss results in a tail.
c) List sets 𝐴 and 𝐵.
d) Determine 𝐴′.
Question Two
Suppose there are three boxes where box 𝐵1contains two red and four white chips, box 𝐵2
contains one red and two white chips, and box 𝐵3 contains five red and four white chips. Say
that the probabilities for selecting the boxes are not the same but are given by 𝑃(𝐵1)= 1/3,
𝑃(𝐵2 ) = 1/6, and 𝑃(𝐵3 ) = 1/2, where 𝐵1, 𝐵2, and 𝐵3 are the events that boxes 𝐵1, 𝐵2, and 𝐵3
are respectively chosen.
a) Find the probability of drawing a red chip.
b) What is the probability that the chip was red given that it was drawn from box 𝐵1?
Answer the following questions using counting techniques which are a useful tool for finding
the probability of certain events. For instance, let us have the letters of the word MISSISSIPPI
arranged in a line at random:
c) In how many ways can these letters be arranged?
d) What is the probability that the S’s are together at the beginning?
Question Three
A company specialises in installing and servicing central heating furnaces. In a certain period,
service calls may result in an order for a new furnace. Table 1 shows estimated probabilities for
numbers of new furnace orders generated in this way in the last two weeks.
Table 1: Estimated Probabilities of Number of New Furnace Orders

Number of Orders 0 1 2 3 4 5
Probability 0.1 𝑐 0.26 0.28 0.15 0.07
a) Find the value of 𝑐.

b) Sketch the cumulative distribution function of the number of new furnace orders.
c) Determine and interpret the mean number of furnace orders that will be generated in this
period.
d) Calculate and interpret the variance of the number of furnace orders that will be generated
in this period.
Page 1 of 2
Question Four
You are informed that the average number of flaws, (𝑋) per 100m of material produced on a
certain machine is 2. Suppose that the flaws occur randomly:
a) State and write down the probability distribution that this experiment follows.
b) Find the probability that in the same length of material, there will be no flaw.
c) Calculate the probability that in a 400m length of material, there will be more than 2 flaws.
d) Determine the probability that in a 20m length of material, there will be exactly 2 flaws.
Question Five
Let 𝑋 be a continuous random variable with the following probability density function:
𝑐𝑥, 0≤𝑥<2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑐(4 − 𝑥), 2≤𝑥≤4
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒.
a) Find the value of the constant 𝑐.
b) Determine the cumulative distribution function of 𝑋 and sketch it.
c) Calculate the 𝑃(0 < 𝑋 < 1).
d) Find the 𝑃(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4).
------END OF TEST------
Page 2 of 2

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The Copperbelt University

School of Humanities and Social Sciences

BEC 242: Statistics

TIME ALLOWED: Two Hours, 08:00-10:00

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE:

Table 1: Estimated Probabilities of Number of New Furnace Orders

a) Find the value of 𝑐.

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