Unit 2 DC Delta Modulation
Unit 2 DC Delta Modulation
Unit 2 DC Delta Modulation
The sampling rate of a signal should be higher than the Nyquist rate, to
achieve better sampling. If this sampling interval in Differential PCM is
reduced considerably, the sampleto-sample amplitude difference is very
small, as if the difference is 1-bit quantization, then the step-size will be
very small i.e., Δ (delta).
The type of modulation, where the sampling rate is much higher and in
which the stepsize after quantization is of a smaller value Δ, such a
modulation is termed as delta modulation.
Delta Modulator
The Delta Modulator comprises of a 1-bit quantizer and a delay circuit along
with two summer circuits. Following is the block diagram of a delta
modulator.
The predictor circuit in DPCM is replaced by a simple delay circuit in DM.
Further,
v(nTs)=eq(nTs)=S.sig.[ep(nTs)]v(nTs)=eq(nTs)=S.sig.[ep(nTs)]
---------equation 3
u(nTs)=xˆ(nTs)+eq(nTs)u(nTs)=x^(nTs)+eq(nTs)
Where,
xˆ(nTs)x^(nTs) = the previous value of the delay circuit
eq(nTs)eq(nTs) = quantizer output = v(nTs)v(nTs)
Hence,
u(nTs)=u([n−1]Ts)+v(nTs)u(nTs)=u([n−1]Ts)+v(nTs)
---------equation 4
Which means,
u(nTs)=S∑j=1nsig[ep(jTs)]u(nTs)=S∑j=1nsig[ep(jTs)]
---------equation 5
Delta Demodulator
The delta demodulator comprises of a low pass filter, a summer, and a
delay circuit. The predictor circuit is eliminated here and hence no assumed
input is given to the demodulator.
Following is the diagram for delta demodulator.
Low pass filter is used for many reasons, but the prominent reason is noise
elimination for out-of-band signals. The step-size error that may occur at
the transmitter is called granular noise, which is eliminated here. If there
is no noise present, then the modulator output equals the demodulator
input.
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