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CUT AND FILL STOPEING
INTRODUCTION :-
1. In cut and fill mining the ore extracted by drilling and blasting
in horizontal slice, starting from the bottom of STOPE and
advancing up word as in shrinkage STOPEping.
2. A slice has a thickness of 3 m .
3. When one slice or ore has been excavated ,the corresponding
volume is filled with waste material up to with 2-3 m of the
back before the slice is attacked .
4. The filling serves both as support for walls and as a floor
when the next slice above is mined.
5. The method is probobly best employed where the ore has
poor continuity .
DEFINITION:-
A method of Stoping in which ore is removed
in slices, or lifts, following which the
excavation is filled with rock or other waste
material known as backfill, before the
subsequent slice is mined; the backfill
supports the walls of the STOPE.
HISTORY
 Started in 1960’s in Hanoka mine in north of
Japan.
 An estimated 3% of US underground mineral
production is derived from cut and fill
STOPEping.
 In India it is performed in UCIL Narwapahar,
Jaduguda and also in Huti gold mines.
APPLICATION
 Versatile method.
 Flexible.
 High degree of extraction.
 Preferred generally when ground surface to be
prevented from subsidence.
 Where most type of bulk mining would produce
excessive dilution.
 Ore has strengh to be supported through the use
of rock bolts or cable bolts during the mining and
back filling cycles.
SUITABILITY
 Ore strength: moderate to strong.
 Rock strength: weak to fairly weak.
 Deposit shape: tabular; can be irregular.
 Deposit dip: moderate to fairly steep.
 Deposit size: 2 to 30 mts.
 Ore grade: fairly high.
 Ore uniformity: moderate, variable.
 Depth: moderate to deep.
PREPARATION
 Haulage drift along the ore body.
 Undercut of the STOPE.
 Short raises for man ways and ore passes.
 Raise from undercut to the upper level for transport of
fill materials.
 Arrangements for their storage and transportation.
 Adequate pumping capacity.
CYCLE OF OPERATIONS
 Continuous mining: Road header (soft to medium rock)
otherwise conventional cycle.
 Drilling: Pneumatic hand drill, drill rig mounting
pneumatic or hydraulic machines.
 Blasting: ANFO, slurries.
 Secondary breakage: in STOPEe.
 Loading: LHD, scraper to chute or ore pass. Gravity
flow to draw points.
 Haulage: LHD, mine trucks, rail, etc.
DEVELOPMENT
• Production is minimal if a shluser or captive LHD
equipment is used.
• If it is not possible to develop raises in ore areas, crib
man ways are carried out.
• Adequate haulage system must be developed on the
lower level for efficient transport.
• Level interval should be 45m and incase of ramps,
intervals must be increased.
• Raise must be large enough to maintain adequate
man way and space for air, water and fill lines as well
as power lines.
• In most cases access level must be develop above
the STOPE to give access to personel , equipment and
supplies into the STOPE.
• The access raise should be carries from the
production level to access.
DRILLING
• Upper holes are usually drilled using a simple STOPE
jumbo or a jackleg drill.
• A “V” or toe cut is drilled and blasted across the
STOPE.
• Remaining holes are drilled at an angle of 60 degree.
• Length of hole- 3 to 3.7m.
DRILLING BY JUMBO DRILLS
BLASTING PATTERN
FILLING
Two types generally practiced –
i. Mechanical.
ii. Hydraulic.
1. They are performed to avoid leakage of ventilating
air.
2. To exercise better roof control.
3. To allow least subsidence of surface.
4. To achieve higher % of extraction.
5. Provide a working platform on which the next ore
slice is drilled.
FILLING OF STOPEE
LOADING BY LHDS
LAYOUT OF THE ORE PASS
VENTILATION
• Clean air must be introduced in worked
area.
• Lower level is used as an intake airway.
• Air to be supplied- 3.7 to 11 Kw.
• Air then exhausted the access raise and
into the exhaust system.
COMPLETE LAYOUT
Advantages
• Moderate productivity.
• Permits good selectivity , sorting: can use waste as
fill.
• Low development cost.
• Moderate capital investment; adaptable to
mechanization.
• Versatile, flexible and adaptable.
• Excellent recovery if pillars mined, low dilution.
• Surface waste can be disposed of underground as fill.
• Moderately good safety record.
• Ore is removed immediately after blasting so no
oxidation problem.
Drawbacks
• Fairly high mining cost (relative cost
60%).
• Costly handling of waste.
• Filling complicates cycle, causing
discontinuous production.
• Must provide STOPE access for
mechanized equipment.
• Filling of material is specific.
CASE STUDY:-
MOUNT ISA MINE ,AUSTRALIA

• Production is started from 1997-80
• Production of silver-lead-zinc
• The mine located in the valley of
the Leichhardt river in lower
proterozoic sediment of mount Isa
group.
• Dip of the ore body is 65˚.
• Thickness =36.6m
REASON FOR ADOPTING THE
CUT AND FILL METHOD:-
 Long, narrow, near parallel and closed

spaced rececourse load and bodies
below level.
 To cope with poor wall rock condition,
high production rate and continuity of
production.
DEVELOPMENT
STOPE DEVISION
STOPEs are dividing into
two equal section on a tonnage basis , one of
the section is north and one other is south of
the balance point .
STOPE ACCESS
 Located in right on the foot wall of each ore
body.
 Convention raising an ALIMAK RAISE CLIMBER
and robbins 61R RAISE BORES used for
developing access raise.
STOP CYCLE DETAILS:-
 DRILLING
 In the MICAF method blast hols are drilled by
DH123 long large percussion drill machine.
 All holes are drilling with 48 to 51 mm bits on
1.8m spacing of 1.5m.
 BLASTING
 Holes are loaded with ANFO and primed by
anodets .
 Electric initiators are blasted from remote firing
box to fire each set of holes .
 Mucking is by wagner ST5A LHD units with good
preventing maintenance and a favorable ore body
layout.
 BACK FILLS
 Fill is run in until there is about 3m of head room

on the foot wall , leaving sufficient clearance for
the jumbo to starting drilling .
 In certain circumstances a fill with greater self
supporting properties is required and lay portland
cement is added to the normal lift .This some
times used in the first 3 oor 4 lifts from the sill to
reduce fill dilution during subsequent crown pillar
recovery.
VENTATILATION-
Access raise extend from the sill to the

top access level in each block, the
return airway for the bottom level block
is on 11 level on this level the raise are
connect by horizontal airway to a major
exhaust shaft .thus fresh air is drawn the
central service raise and supplies north
and south in the STOPE.

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Are You Looking For….

Mining Mining Mining Mining

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MOUNT ISA MINE ,AUSTRALIA

 Long, narrow, near parallel and closed

 Fill is run in until there is about 3m of head room

Access raise extend from the sill to the

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