Mathematics Grade 8 Fourth
Mathematics Grade 8 Fourth
Mathematics Grade 8 Fourth
Writing proof is an important skill that you will learn from Geometry. It will develop your observation skills, deductive thinking,
logical reasoning and mathematical communication.
In writing proofs, you have to determine the appropriate statements and give reasons for these statements. There are cases
were you only have to complete a statement or a reason.
Guide questions and hints will help you succeed in this LeaP’s learning tasks.
D. Development (Time Frame: 80 min)
Learning Context
Figure 4. Pairs of Interior Angles on the Figure 5. Pairs of Exterior Angles on the
Same Side of the Transversal Same Side of the Transversal
IV.
LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Line l and m are parallel ( // ) cut by a transversal line p, forming the
following angles: Ð1, Ð2, Ð3, Ð4, Ð5, Ð6, Ð7 & Ð8.
p
THEOREMS ON PAIR OF ANGLES
Theorem
1. Alternate Interior Angles Theorem - If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then alternate interior angles are
congruent. {using the same figure above: ∠3 ≅ ∠6, ∠4 ≅ ∠5}
Converse Alternate Interior Angle Theorem – If two lines are cut by a transversal and the alternate interior angles are
congruent, then the lines being cut by the transversal are parallel.
2. Same-Side Interior of Angles Theorem – If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then same side interior angles
are supplementary. {using the same figure above: m∠3+ m∠5 =180; m∠4+ m∠6 =180}
3. Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem - If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then alternate exterior angles are
congruent. {using the same figure above:∠1≅∠8, ∠2≅∠7}
4. Same-Side Exterior of Angles Theorem – If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then same side exterior angles
are supplementary. {using the same figure above: m∠1 + m∠7 = 180; m∠2 + m∠8 = 180}
5. Perpendicular Transversal Theorem – If a parallel line is perpendicular to one line that is parallel to another, then the line is
perpendicular to the second parallel line.
Example 1:
Prove: l // m
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 1. Given
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠3 2. Vertical Angles are congruent.
3. ∠3 ≅ ∠2 3. Transitive Property of Congruence
4. l // m 4. Converse of Alternate Interior Angles
Prove: ∠2 ≅ ∠6
4 2
Proof: l
6
Statements Reasons m
1. l // m 1. Given
2. ∠2 ≅ ∠4 2. Vertical Angles are congruent.
3. ∠4 ≅ ∠6 3. Corresponding Angles Postulate
4. ∠2 ≅ ∠6 4. Transitive Property of Congruence
Statements Reasons 1 6
1. l // m 1. Given m
2. m∠2 + m ∠3 = 180° 2. Linear Pair Theorem
3. ∠2 ≅ ∠6 3. Corresponding Angles Postulate
4. m∠2 ≅ m∠6 3. Definition of Congruence
5. m∠6 + m ∠3 = 180° 4. Substitution Property
6. ∠3 and ∠6 are supplementary 5. Definition of Supplementary
t
DIRECTIONS: Complete the two-column proofs
l
Learning Task I: 1
Given: l // m cut by a transversal t 2
Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2
m
Proof: 3
Statements Reasons
1. l // m 1.
2. 2. Corresponding Angles Postulate
3. ∠3 ≅ ∠2 3.
4. 4.
I
Learning Task II: L 1 2 O
Given: ⃖&&&⃗ ⃖&&&&⃗ are ⊥ to 𝐼𝑀
𝐿𝑂 and 𝑉𝐸 ⃖&&&&⃗ 3 4
Prove: m∠3+ m∠5 = 180°
Proof:
V 5 6 E
Statements Reasons 7 8
1. 1. Given
2. m∠1+ m∠3 = 180° 2. M
3. 3. Corresponding angles
4. 4.
Score Descriptor
4 and above Shows complete understanding of the mathematical concepts.
3 Shows substantial understanding of the mathematical concepts.
2 Shows some understanding of the mathematical concepts.
1 and below Shows very limited understanding of the underlying concepts.
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Write a two-column proving statement of parallel lines cut by a transversal. Use the given example as your guide in
creating your own proving statement and reason.