PHYS101L

REPORT NO. 1

NAME:
STUDENT NUMBER:
SUBJECT/SECTION: PHYS101L_A14
DATE SUBMITTED: 6/13/2021
ACTIVITY 1
This activity focuses on the concept of velocity, the rate at which an object’s
position changes. In particular, we look at the average speed of an object, basically
the magnitude of average velocity.
Items Needed:
 a small toy car like a Matchbox or a Hot Wheels (if you don’t have a toy
car, a small ball like a ping pong ball or a marble will do)
 a ruler
 several sheets of bond paper
 scotch tape
 a watch or timer
1. Fold the sheets of bond paper length-wise and tape them on the floor to
make a track for the toy car. Make the track long enough for the toy car to
travel 100 cm.
2. Flick or push the toy car with you finger to send it moving along the track
and measure the time it takes to travel 100 cm.
3. Determine the average speed of the toy car.
x distance travelled
V ave = =
t elapsed time
4. Perform several trials using different flick or push strengths.
5. In the report, describe and discuss your observations.
 What is velocity in Physics?
Velocity is defined as a vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion.
To put simply, velocity is the speed at which something moves in one direction.
The speed of a vehicle traveling in a direction can be measured using velocity.
The scalar (absolute value) magnitude of the velocity vector is the speed of
motion. In calculus terms, velocity is the first derivative of position with respect to
time. You can calculate velocity by using a simple formula that includes rate,
distance, and time.

Velocity measures motion starting in one place and heading toward another place. The
practical applications of velocity are endless, but one of the most common reasons
to measure velocity is to determine how quickly you (or anything in motion) will
arrive at a destination from a given location.

Velocity makes it possible to create timetables for travel, a common type of

physics problem assigned to students. For example, if a train leaves Station A at 8
a.m. and you know the velocity at which the train is moving north, you can predict
when it will arrive Station B.

Velocity Formula
The most common way to calculate the constant velocity of an object moving in a
straight line is with this formula:
d
r=
t
 r is the rate or speed (sometimes denoted a v for velocity)
 d is the distance moved
 t is the time it takes to complete the movement

Unites of Velocity
The SI units for velocity are m/s (meters per second), but velocity may also be
expressed in any units of distance per time. Other examples or units includes mph
or miles per hour, kph or kilometers per hour, and km/s or kilometers per second.

Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

Speed, velocity, and acceleration are all related to each other, though they represent
different measurements. Be careful not to confuse these values with each other.
  Speed is a scalar quantity that indicates the rate of motion distance per time.
Its units are length and time. Put another way, speed is a measure
of distance traveled over a certain amount of time. Speed is often described
simply as the distance traveled per unit of time. It is how fast an object is
moving. 
 Velocity is a vector quantity that indicates displacement, time, and direction.
Unlike speed, velocity measures displacement, a vector quantity indicating
the difference between an object's final and initial positions. Speed measures
distance, a scalar quantity that measures the total length of an object's path.
 Acceleration is defined as a vector quantity that indicates the rate of change
of velocity. It has dimensions of length and time over time. Acceleration is
often referred to as "speeding up", but it really measures changes in velocity.
Acceleration can be experienced every day in a vehicle. You step on the
accelerator and the car speeds up, increasing its velocity.

d 1=100 cm t 1=5.8 s

d 2=100 cm t 2=8.8 s

d 3=100 cm t 3=14.3 s

d
v ave =
t
100
v ave1= =17.2 cm/ s
5.8

100
v ave2= =11.7 cm/s
8.8

100
v ave3= =6.99 cm/s
14.3

Here we observe that in 1st trial that when pushed with high strength it took only
5.8 seconds to reach the 100 cm line with an average velocity of 17.2 cm/s. while I
2nd trial where the car is pushed or flick slightly weaker than the 1st trial, we see that
it took only 8.8 seconds to reach the 100 cm line with an average velocity of 11.7
cm/s. in the 3rd trial where in the car is pushed the small effort it took 14.3 seconds
to reach the 100 cm line with an average velocity of 6.99 cm/s. with the three trial
perform in this experiment we observed that greater flicker strength results in
greater average velocity in vice versa the weaker the flicker strength result in
pushing the car results in lower average velocity.

Problem No. 1

A person walks 100 m in 4 minutes, then 200 m in 8 minutes and finally 50 m in 3

minutes. Find its average speed or velocity?

First find its total distance traveled d by adding all distances in each section which
gets d = 100 + 200 + 50 = 350 m then find the overall time t = 4 + 8 + 3 =15
minutes.
Keep in mind that since distance is in SI units sot the time traveled must also be in
SI units which is m/s. therefore we have:
d total distance
v ave = =
t total time

350 m
¿
15∗60 s

¿ 0.39 m/s
Problem No. 2

What is the speed of a rocket that travels 8000 m in 13 s?

Speed is the total distance divided by the elapsed time.

d
r=
t where in r is rate or speed

8000
r=
13

¿ 615.38 m/s
ACTIVITY 2
This activity looks at the concepts of constant acceleration and freefall motion.
Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of an object changes. Freefall motion
is basically the vertical motion of an object with gravity as the only source of
acceleration.

Items Needed:
 3 small items that you don’t mind dropping to the floor (i.e. rubber ball,
ping pong ball, paper crumpled into a ball, spoon, ballpen, and so on).

1. Holding 1 item in each hand, stand up straight and stretch out your arms in
from of you. Keep the 2 items at eye level.
2. Release the 2 items at the same time and observe the resulting motion of the
2 items as they fall down to the floor.
3. Perform several trials using different combinations of items.
4. In the report, describe and discuss your observations.
What is Free Fall?
In Newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the
only force acting upon it. In the context of general relativity, where gravitation is
reduced to a space-time curvature, a body in free fall has no force acting on it.
An object in the technical sense of the term "free fall" may not necessarily be falling
down in the usual sense of the term. An object moving upwards might not normally
be considered to be falling, but if it is subject to only the force of gravity, it is said to
be in free fall. The Moon is thus in free fall around the Earth, though its orbital
speed keeps it in very far orbit from the Earth's surface.
Free Fall is the motion of falling objects is the simplest and most common example
of motion with changing velocity. If a coin and a piece of paper are simultaneously
dropped side by side, the paper takes much longer to hit the ground. However, if
you crumple the paper into a compact ball and drop the items again, it will look like
both the coin and the paper hit the floor simultaneously. This is because the amount
of force acting on an object is a function of not only its mass, but also area. Free
fall is the motion of a body where its weight is the only force acting on an object.

Equations or Formulas
The best way to see the basic features of motion involving gravity is to start by
considering straight up and down motion with no air resistance or friction. This
means that if the object is dropped, we know the initial velocity is zero. Once the
object is in motion, the object is in free-fall. Under these circumstances, the motion
is one-dimensional and has constant acceleration, gg. The kinematic equations for
objects experiencing free fall are:
v=v 0 −¿

1
y= y 0+ v 0 t− g t 2
2

v 2=v 20−2 g ( y− y 0 )

Where v=velocity , g=gravity , t=time , and y=vertical displacement .

In the experiment we used three different items to test the free fall motion. We used
a small rock, crumpled paper, and scissor. We test the free fall experiment using the
three items by releasing the two items at eye level at the same time.
The 1st trial is the rock and scissor resulting in both items reaching the ground at the
same time. The results are similar in 2 nd trial which is the rock and paper and the 3 rd
trial which paper and scissor. All three trial gave the same results.

Why does the three items fall or reach the ground at the same time despite having
different weight?
When an item was drop or falls down. Gravity causes it (or everything) to fall t the
same speed. This is why the rock that is heavier than the paper can both reach the
ground at the same time. Gravity is the force acting in a downwards direction, but
air resistance acts in an upwards direction. Their acceleration is equal to
Gravitational acceleration, which is same for all object.
Exceptional condition is when you throw two different things (of different size)
may reach the surface at different time this is because of the presence of
atmosphere or basically air which offers a viscous drag to the items.

On the following observations, we conclude that time taken by different balls to

reach ground is same, it is independent of their mass.

This is because only force acting in it is force due to gravity and acceleration due to
gravity is constant, it is independent of mass of body.
Problem No. 1
A construction worker accidentally drops a brick from a high scaffold.

a. What is the velocity of the brick after 4.0 s?

b. How far does the brick fall during this time?

a. Let upward be the positive direction.

v f =v i +¿ , g=−9.8 m/s 2

m m
v f =0.0
s ( )
+ −9.8 2 ( 4.0 s )
s

¿−39 m/s ¿ 39 m/s downward

b.
1
X =V i t + g t 2
2

¿ 0+ ( 12 )(−9.8 ms ) ( 4.0 s )
2
2

¿−78 m

The brick falls 78 m.

Answer:

a. v f =39 m/ s downward
b. X =−78 m

The brick falls 78 m

Problem No. 2
A 10 kg object is dropped from rest.
How far will it drop in 2 s?

Given:
vi =0

t=2 s

a=g=9.8 m/s2

d=?

1
d=v i t+ a t 2
2
1
d= ( 9.8 )( 2 )2
2
d=19.6 m