DR. B. R. AMBEDKAR GOVT.

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
AMBOTA

SUBMITTED BY:- HIMANSHU KATOCH

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Project name:-
Behna Hydro Electric Project

Under the guidance of:-

YAGYA CHAND (JE CIVIL ENGG.)

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

For the inspiration of my work, I express my sincere and deep gratitude to those people who
have shaped and developed the contribution of this training and deserve the majority of credit.
I am grateful and obliged to Civil engineering deptt. Lr group of institute solan for guiding and
allowing me to testing my knowledge and creativity by doing an industrial training under the
guidance of concerned HCC Project.

I would also like to express my thanks to Engineers and Junior Engineers for their co-operation
and guidance during the training.

Personal thanks go to Sh. M.S. Thakur for his help in providing favorable conditions for
industrial training.

Finally, I would like to thanks all those who contributed me to complete my industrial training
directly or indirectly.

Mahinder Singh
sign:-
SALIENT FEATURES

1. Name of the Project : Behna Hydro Electric Project

Location
State : Himachal Pradesh

District : Mandi

Village : Nigan Anni

2. Capacity : 2 x 2.5 (MW) 20%Overload

3. Company : Himadri Hydro Project (P) Ltd.

4. Site Office : VPO Nigan Teh. Anni Distt. Kullu

(H.P.) 172026

5. Main Office : 1, Electronic Complex

Chambaghat, Solan (H.P.) 173213

6. Main Office to Site Office Distance : 180km

7. Consultancy of Civil Design

: Verma Associates Consultant

Engineers (HPP) Bharyara P.O.
Chauntra Joginder Nagar (H.P.)
8. Survey Consultancy

: DD Surveys Consultancy
Dehradun

9. Electromechanical Work
: Voith Simens Hydro Pvt. Ltd.
Noida (Germany)

10. Power House Details :-

(1) Installed Capacity : 5 (MW)
(2) Rated Head : 80m
(3) Runner Dia. : 795mm
(4) Type of Turbine
:Horizontal Francis Turbine
(5) Rated Turbine Speed : 750rpm
(6) Butterfly Valve Dia. : 950mm
(7) Length of Power House
: 34150mm
(8) Breadth of Power House :
:9400mm

11. Hydrology
Sources : Anni Khad & Showad Khad (Tributary of SatlujRiver)

12. Diversion Weir

Type : Diversion weir
 Withdrawal discharge : 3.20m3/s
Width : 19m
Height of diversion weir : 1.90m

13. Head Race Tunnel

(a) Between diversion weir and desilting tank
Type : RCC trapezoidal shape
Design discharge : 3.20 m3/s
Length : 40m
Full supply depth : 1.10m
Slope : 1:750
Velocity : 1.55 m/s

(b) Between desilting tank and Forebay

Type : Head Race Tunnel
(D- Shape)
Size : 3m X 3m
Length : 2919m
Slope : 1:520

14. Desilting Tank

Type : Surface
Structure : RCC
Discharge : 3.84m3/s
Diameter of silt particles to be
Removed : 0.2 mm and less
Overall size : 56 m x 4.6 m
Average depth : 2.75 m
Total capacity of the tank : 590m3
 U/S transition length : 5.00 m
Free board : 0.2 m

15. Forebay and Spillway

(a) Forebay
Shape : D-Shape (RCC)
Discharge : 3.20m3/s
Storage provided : 2.5 min
Overall size : 30 m X 8 m
Capacity : 504 m3
Free board : 0.2 m

(b) Spillway
Size of spillway : 4.7 m X 6.0 m
Discharge : 3.20m3/s
Length of spillway crest : 149 m
Depth of water over the crest : 0.5 m

16. Penstock and Anchor Blocks

(a) Penstock
Alignment : Surface
Material : ASTM-A-285-Grade C
Design Discharge : 2.90m3/s
Length : 130 m
Diameter : 1.575 m
Thickness : varying
Unit penstock : 2 No.
 (b) Anchor blocks
Type : RCC
No. :3
(c) Expansion joints : Flexible sleeve type on d/s of each anchor block
(d) Saddles
RCC Saddles : @ 5m c/c between
anchor blocks
Stiffner rings : Two on each saddle

17. Power House Complex

(a) Power House
Type : Surface
(RCC frame structure with walls)
Size : 34.150 m X 9.4 m
Capacity : 2 x 2.5 ( MW)
Crane : Net (capacity 20 t)

(b) Turbine
Type : Francis
(Horizontal axis)
Gross head : 80 m
Design discharge : 2.9m3/s
Net Head : 80 m
Turbine speed : 750 rpm
Rated turbine efficiency : 85%
No. Of units : 2 (2 X 2.5 MW)
18. Tailrace Channel
Type : RCC trapezoidal
section
Size : 2.00 m X 1.8 m
Width : 2.00 m
Depth : 1.8m
Bed Slope : Varying
Length : 35 m

19.Power Generation
Generation capacity : 5.0 MW
Annual generation capacity : 26 MU
Type of generator : Synchronous
Voltage : 415 V
Frequency : 50 HZ
Generator : 500rpm

20.Approach Road
Approach Road to Intake : 300 Mtrs
Approach Road to Forebay : 1700 Mtrs.
Approach Road to Powerhouse : 800 Mtrs
 Principle OF Hydro Electric Power Project

Hydro-electric power station convert energy contained

in falling water (hydraulic energy) in to electrical energy. In these
power station, water is stored at a suitable place by constructing a
dam and water head is obtained. The kinetic and potential
energies of water are utilized to run the water turbine and hence
electrical energy is obtained from the alternator.
MAIN COMPONENTS OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT:-

1.Trench weir
2. Conveyance Channel
3. Desilting Tank
4. Silt Flushing Channel
5. Intake Channel
6. Head Race Channel
7. Forebay Tank
8. Spillway Tunnel
9. Penstock
10. Power House
11. Draft tube
12. Tail Race Channel
1. Trench Weir:-

It is the structure constructed in small hydro power project for the

purpose of conveying water from the river to conveyance channel. It is designed
in such a way that the water flowing through the river directly entered in the
main trench of Trench Weir constructed across the river. The main function of
Trench Weir is to receive water from the river.
At project site this work is under construction.
2. Conveyance Channel:-

It is the structure constructed in hydro power plant for conveying water

from the Trench Weir to Desilting Chamber.
At project site, this is under construction.

3. Desilting tank:-

The tank which receive the water from the intake tunnel and desilt it.
The chamber is based upon the principal of sedimentation. In sedimentation
the velocity of water is only reduced and water is not brought to complete rest
the velocity is so adjust that the time required by the particles that travels from
one end to another is slightly more than the time required for settlement of that
particles.
4. Silt Flushing Tunnel:-

This tunnel is provided in the desilting tank, at the bottom, for the purpose of
flush out the silt particle which is settled down during sedimentation process.
The dimension & slope of this tunnel is depended upon the size of desilting
tank.

5. Intake Channel:-
A structure provided at the mouth of a water conveyance system to draw
in required quantity of water into Penstocks, outlet conduits, tunnels etc. for a
hydropower project (water resources project) is called an intake.
6. Head Race Tunnel:-
The power canal is that length of the canal which runs from the
reservoir to a forebay from which penstocks take off or directly to the
power house.
HRT is used to carries the water from the desilting chamber to the penstock. In
HRT, the water conductors are used to carry the water.
7. Fore Bay Tank:-
A Fore bay Tank (or surge drum) is a storage reservoir at the
downstream end of a closed aqueduct or feeder pipe to absorb sudden rise of
pressure as well as to quickly provide extra water during a brief drop in
pressure.
It is the vertical construction. Whenever there is
any problem in the power house and we have to stop the flow of the water in
the penstock, for this purpose Forebay Tank is used, because it prevents
penstock from water hammering.

8. Spillway Tunnel:-
 It is situated at the start of the penstock. It contains
main sluice valves which control the water flow. In addition
to this, automatic isolating valves which come into
operation when the penstock bursts. They cut off further
supply of water.

9. Penstock:-

The penstock is a form special pipe carrying the water

from the valve house to the water turbine. This is
made up of steel or reinforced cement concrete.
10. Power House:-

Power house is that portion of a hydro-electric development, where the

conversion of energy of water to electrical energy takes place. The power house
provides the following main equipments and facilities.
i) Water conveyance structures-Penstocks, draft tubes, etc.
ii) Energy conversion equipments- Turbines and generators etc.
Electrical energy control equipments-Switch board, Control equipment etc.
iii) Mechanical handling equipments-Cranes, gantry etc.
iv) Office and other facilities

11. Draft Tubes:-

 The water after working on the turbine, imparts its energy to
the vanes and runner, thereby reducing its pressure less than that
of atmospheric pressure (Vacuum). As the water flows from higher
pressure to lower pressure, it cannot come out of the turbine and
hence a divergent tube is connected to the end of the turbine.
Draft tube is a divergent tube one end of which is connected to the
outlet of the turbine and other end is immersed well below the
tailrace (Water level). The major function of the draft tube is to
increase the pressure from the inlet to outlet of the draft tube as it
flows through it and hence increase it more than atmospheric
pressure. The other function is to safely discharge the water that
has worked on the turbine to tailrace.
At Site this is under construction.
12. Tail Race Channel:-

The tail race tunnel or channel is provided to direct

the used water coming out of draft tube back to the river.
The important criteria of designing the tail race tunnel/
channel is kind of draft tube, the gross head and
geographical situation of the area. Tail race is designed in
such a way that water hammer is minimizes when water
leaves the draft tube.
OPERATION IN TUNNEL

SURVEYING
DRILLING
LOADING
BLASTING
DEFUMING
MUCKING
SCALING
1. SURVEYING:-

First of all survey is done and with the help of the

survey the contour map are drawn. And that map helps in
the alignment of the tunnel after the surveying the other
processes are to be done.
At the site the instrument used for the surveying is
TOTAL STATION.
2. DRILLING:-

The process of making holes in the rock strata with the

help of drilling equipment is known as drilling.

At the site the shape of the tunnel was D-shaped. The

drilling holes wore towards the center of the tunnel. The
holes or drilling pattern are selected in such a way that
there will less quantity of explosive and greater volume of
rock muck is obtained. The drilling equipment is connected
to the compressor with the help of hose pipe. The depth of
holes is about 1.8 meter.
 At site the drilling is done with the help of Jack
Hammer.

3. LOADING AND BLASTING:-

After drilling, loading is done. In the

loading detonator are put inside the power gel which is
known as explosive. Before putting the explosive inside the
drilling holes, the stone dust and water are blown out with
the help of high air pressure or some time with the help of
dry cloths.
Then it is placed into the drilled holes, according to series
of detonator (0-9). Then after this power gel and mitti gully
are put into the drilled holes. The ratio of power gel and
mitti gully is 2/3:1/3, and then are compacted with the
help of PVC rodand then these are connected with the
electric wires for the power shock.
4. DEFUMING:-

Defuming is the process of removing the gases outside which are

produced after the blasting.

For this purpose electric blower are used. The fresh air is pushed inside
tunnel through the duct pipes which are connected to the blower. Fresh air
create the pressure inside the tunnel and thrown out the gasses.

It also provides the oxygen for the workers in the tunnel.

Whole process is done in 1-2 hours.

5. MUCKING:-

Mucking is the removal of excavated or blasted material

from the tunnel site and dumping the same at
predetermined site. This is done after the blasting and
defuming.
Operation of mucking is completed in the following 3 steps:
-
Loading the muck
Hauling
Unloading & dumping
In mucking the manual labours, mechanical shovels, belt
conveyors are used. At site the loading is done with the
help of Screed Loader. Hauling is done with the help of
Tractor.
6. SCALING:-
The process of removing overburden rock that are left
during mucking is known as scaling. It is done manually or
mechanically.
At the site it was done by manual means.

Operation in Open Area or Surface

1. Clearance of Proposed Site

2. Layout of Structure
3. Foundation Excavation
4. Earthing
5. Construction of Sub Structure
6. Construction of Super Structure

1. Clearance of Proposed Site:-

First of all we cleared the bushes, trees,

vegetation etc. from the proposed site for making
working space of the proposed structure.

2. Layout of Structure:-
 According to the given drawing the layout is to be
done. Ground is marked with the help of lime as
shown in the given drawing.

3. Foundation Excavation:-

After layout is done, excavation of foundation is start.

The excavation of foundation is done with the help of
Excavator.

4. Earthing:-

Earthing is provided in foundation where required to

avoid the accident to workers working at that place. In case
of any leakage in electric wires and equipments, the
workers escaped from electric shocks.
 5. Construction of Sub Stracture:-

It includes the construction of foundation of the

structure. The structure is constructed as per the drawings
and requirements.

6. Construction of Super Structure:-

After the sub structure is completed, than

superstructure starts. At site this work is under
construction,