DPR GUIDELINES FOR ERM OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS

RAJEEV SINGHAL
Director
NWA, CWC, Pune
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Modernisation of Irrigation Project includes extension, renovation &
modernisation components of existing project to optimize the
benefits in view of the deficiencies experience in operation &
maintenance of the project over the past years and as a result of
technology advancements made during the period. This also takes
into account the deterioration of the system due to lack of proper
maintenance. Important aspects to be looked into are to review
water availability, design flood, cropping pattern, water demand,
operation and safety of the headworks & water distribution
system. It would include measures for conjunctive use of water &
drainage of surplus water. It also includes review & strengthening of
agricultural support services & plan for involvement of beneficiaries
in management of the project for self sustainability in f uture. The
modernisation of irrigation projects inter-alia would mean upgrading the
existing headworks, canals, command area development works etc.
in view of experience gained and deficiencies felt in .operation and
maintenance of the project over the past years in order to derive
optimum benefits for the present day irrigated agriculture.

While undertaking the modernisation of existing irrigation projects,

the differentiation between restoration or rehabilitation vis a-vis
modernisation needs to be understood. The restoration or
rehabilitation of irrigation projects may include the works required to
bring the canals components to their originally designed parameters i.e.
restoring them to original sections and the canal capacities etc. The
modernisation _ would be updating and improving the components to meet
modern day concepts on safety and present day demand of water
for irrigation, water supply and other diverse uses. The
modernisation also includes extension of the existing system. The
existing canals which were designed for traditional crops may be
found wanting to meet the present day enhanced requirements of
high yielding varieties of crops. Moreover , the old systems were
mostly designed for protective irrigation. In order to meet the

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 rising demand of foodgrains, the concept of irrigation has undergone
a major change from protective to productive irrigation. The
productive irrigation implies that for any unit of water supply on a
unit of land, the production should be optimum. Due to inadequate
maintenance of the system for want of adequate funds, these have
deteriorated and are required to be rehabilitated/restored in the
first instance. Considering present day needs, these would also
require to be modernised.

Most of the existing irrigation systems in the country were

planned with unlined canals for traditional cropping pattern and
assumed irrigation efficiencies. These systems are therefore, not
able to cope up to the modern day agriculture and a lot of
deficiencies like seepage losses, inadequacy of systems/canal
structure to meet higher demands have been noticed. Modernisation of
irrigation system does not mean merely improvement of the
engineering parameters such as lining of canal and distribution
system, improvement and modification of structures but also may
include review of cropping pattern, crop water requirement,
efficiencies of irrigation i.e. field application of water,
remodelling/re- sectioning, re-aligning of canal, maintaining of
required L Section and X Section of the canal and canal banks/berms.
This would also include review of hydrology i.e water availability, design
flood, sedimentation etc. & strengthening/remodelling of headworks
if found necessary.

2.0 GUIDELINES FOR FORMULATION OF DPR FOR ERM

PROJECTS: Detailed Project Report for ERM of Irrigation Projects
have to be formulated as per following Guidelines(Guidelines for
preparation of DPR of irrigation and multipurpose projects – prepared by
CWC (2010)

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 GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF DPR FOR ERM OF
IRRIGATION PROJECTS

Section-1

CHECK LIST

I. Was the original project given investment clearance by Planning

Commission?

2. Has the performance evaluation of the existing project been carried

out?

3. Have the salient features of the project as envisaged at the time of

execution of project and as at present, been indicated?

4. Have the irrigation potential of the existing project as originally

envisaged, potential created and utilised and reasons for variations
been indicated?

5. Has the culturable command area been actually assessed and

compared with that at the time of planning of the project and
shortfalls/excesses, if any, discussed?

6. Has he hydraulic survey of canal/distribution system been carried

out?

7. Have the deficiencies m the existing irrigation system been

identified?

8. Has the need for modernisation been justified?

9. Have the hydrological studies been reviewed, compared with

those made at the time of preparation of the original project if
available and reasons for variations recorded in respect of:

(i) rainfall
(ii) runoff
(iii) flood
(iv) sediment
(v) ground water
(vi) Evaporation

I0 (a) Have changes in the upstream withdrawals/diversions for

industrial use, power generation, drinking requirement and
other developments in the upper catchment to the extent

which can be collected with reasonable efforts been

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 described?

(b) Have the changes in power generation/consumption in

power for the lift irrigation scheme been described?

I I. Have the semi-detailed soil surveys been carried out for the
entire command (if not entire command tl)en extent covered)
and soil and land irrigability classification brought- out in the
report? ( For the Project to be acceptable, semi detailed soil
survey in at least 50% of command should have been carried
out.)

12. Is the Crop Water Requirement determined by the modified

Penmen method?

13. Have water requirements for other uses been worked out?

14. Has justification for the proposed c ropping pattern been

furnished?

15. Have the cropping pattern & proper cropping calendar been
devised with a view to maximise the production and canal
closures for maintenance etc. ensured? Have these been
concurred by the Agriculture Department?

16. Are the areas and percentage of CCA that will be irrigated
during Kharif, Rabi, two seasonal, hot weather and perennials
been indicated and compared with cropping pattern as existing
prior to taking of the project, originally envisaged and actually
developed after completion of the project?

17. Is the justification furnished for continuing with/or taking up

perennial and hot weather crops from the reservoir?

18. Have the most suitable depths and frequencies of irrigation to be

adopted, based on the characteristics of the- soi I and crops been
worked out?

19. Have the values· of conveyance efficiency, field application

efficiency and overall water use efficiency been indicated with
.. "' •j

basis thereof?

20. Has the pattern of releases ( I 0 daily/monthly) from the

diversion/storage headworks been worked out & compared with
those envisaged originally? ·

21 . Has the canal been red signed to cater for peak requirement
with I 0 percent increase (20% for small reservoirs) for rush

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 irrigation. If not, have the alternative proposals for carrying the
required discharge been discussed?

22. Whether supplementation from ground water has been

considered?

23. Are the supplies available sufficient to meet the requirements

for ensuring 75 per cent dependability ? If not. have the
possibilities of augmenting the supplies been discussed either by
increasing the storage or supplementing by ground water etc.?
Have the revised reservoir operation tables been furnished?

24. Has a study of the ground water potential of the command area.
the present level of the ground water use and the scope of future
ground water utilisation, been carried out and included in the
project report?

25. Have the economics of ground water development been studied?

26. Has the possible impact on ground water recharge on account of

lining of the system been kept in view in the scheme- of ground
water utilisation?

27. Has the possibility of the ground water for irrigating areas not
commanded by the canal system been considered?

28. Has the quality of surface water as also ground water &
drainage water, if intended for irrigation use, been tested?

29. Have the requirements of drainage in the command area, been

studied and a suitable integrated drainage plan drawn up and
provided for- in the cost estimate?

30. Have the arrangements for the following been considered and
provided for?

(a) Execution of OFD works

(b) Training programmes for field staff and farmers- existing
position and proposals for strengthening
(c) Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM), Water Users
Associations (WUA), and turnover of the system to
WUAs.
(d) Pro-vision of extension services
(e) Providing important inputs like seeds, fertilizers etc.

31. Have adequacy of road communication facilities and if not, the

necessity of improvements been- discussed and provided for?

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32. Have matters about the improvement in
reliability/dependability of the annual irrigation in the
existing/proposed command area been discussed in the light of
modernisation?

33. Have the net benefits due to the project been estimated and
concurred by the Agricultural Department?

34. Has the concurrence of the State Finance Department been

obtained for taking up the project at the estimated cost?

35. Whether the scheme has already been started? If so, is the
present stage of construction indicated?

36. Is the scheme included in the plan? If not, what is the present
position regarding its inclusion in the plan?

37. Have the year wise requirement of funds been indicated?

38. Is the scheme covered under state sector or Central sector?

39. Is the schedule covered or proposed to be covered under

any foreign assistance/aid agreement?

40. Are the detailed cost estimates included in the Report?

41. Has the benefit-cost ratio been worked out? Whether

depreciated cost of completed works has been included in the
calculations?

42. Whether Internal Rate of Return (IRR) has been worked out?

43. Are the financial returns attached?

44. Are there any special reasons to undertake the project if it is

unproductive and whether these have been recorded in the
Report?

45. Have the rates of betterment levy proposed, the period of

recovery and the estimated total recovery been indicated?

46. Are there any charges levied for irrigation facilities as distinct
from water charges?

47. Are the water rates for different crops indicated?

48. Have the rates of betterment levy, water charges, etc. been
compared with those obtained in other regions of the State?

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49. Has the concurrence of the State Revenue Department been
obtained for these rates ?

50. Have t he O&M aspects (both financial as well as management)

been discussed? How are the O&M costs proposed to be met?

51 . Have the program me of construction and the expendi t ure

involved been furnished?

52. Has the requirement of staff been estimated and furnished with
just ificat ion?

53. Has the adequacy of the existing irrigation laws and revision, if
any, considered necessary been discussed?

54. Has the impact of the scheme on the overal l development of

water resources i n t he basin/state been discussed?

55. Whether views of water users about proposed works in

modernisation project been obtained and described in the Report?

56. Have environmental/ecological aspects been discussed in the

Report & environmental clearance obtained from MOEF?

57. Does the project involve acquisition of forest land? Has t he

MOE&F been approached for clearance under Forest Conservation
Act 1980?

58. Does the project involve any re-settlement? Weather rehabilitation

of PAPs provided for?

59. Does project involve rehabilitation of SC/ST population? Has

the rehabilitation package for them been cleared by Ministry of
Social Justice & Empowerment?· ·

60. Have the socio economic studies (bench mark surveys) been ·
carried out?

61. Have the interstate aspects been examined & discussed?

62. Have the list of ongoing programs of Agriculture Department in

Command Area been given? .

63. Have the provisions of Indus Water Treaty, 1960 for schemes on
western rivers of Indus Basin been examined and discussed?

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 LIST OF DRAWINGS

I. Existing layout plan of the headwork and appurtenances with super imposed proposed
changes.

2. Existing cross-section of earthIrockfill dam non-overflow concrete/ masonry power dam

section, spillway, regulator etc. w ith super imposed changes in these sections.

3. Existing power generation /transmission network with super imposed changes in these
sections, if any.

4. Contour plan of the sample command (scale I: I 0.000 contour interval 0.5 m) showing
the existing alignment of existing canal. location of structures. off-taking channels with
details of discharge, bed level. FSL. both of the canal and the off-taking channel
at the point of off-taking culturable command area under each channel etc.

5. Contour plan of the sample command (scale I:10,000 contour interval 0.5 m) showing
the proposed alignment of the canal. location of structures off- taking channels with
details of discharge, bed level, FSL both of the canal and the off-taking channel at the
point of off-take, culturable command area under each channel .

6. Condensed existing L-Section of the canal showing the location of the existing
structures, off taking channel, bed level, full supply level, bed slope and condition
thereof.

7. Condensed L-Section of the canal showing the location of the proposed structures,
off-taking channel, bed level, full supply level, bed slope etc.

8. Typical cross-section of the existing canal super-imposed with the proposed section.

9. Contoured layout plan, L-Section and Cross Section of major new/proposed to be

remodeled canal structures with location of the bore hole drilled, pits excavated shown
on the plan and the log on the cross-sections.

I 0. Plan showing the classification of soils available in the command.

11. Land capability classification map of the command

12. Land irrigability classification map of command with boundaries of the

area having different constraints and pre and post monsoon ground water contours.
13. Map showing existing area under irrigation and additional area proposed through
·modernisation.
14. Map showing the ground water potential areas.

15. Map showing the water logged and other problematic areas indicating the problems.

16. Map showing the sub-surface water quality in the command

17. Map showing depth to ground water in the Command Area (These maps are available
with State/Central Ground Water Boards).

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 FORMULATION OF DPR AN OVERVIEW
RAJEEV SINGHAL
DIRECTOR
National Water Academy
Pune
1. BACKGROUND

One of the important activities assigned to Central Water Commission is techno-

economic appraisal of irrigation, flood control and multipurpose projects (of Water
Resources) proposed by the State Governments. This task is performed and
coordinated by the Project Appraisal Organization (PAO) of Central Water Commission.
After the project is found technically feasible and economically viable, the Advisory
Committee of Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR) on Irrigation, Flood Control and
Multipurpose Projects headed by the Secretary, Water Resources (WR) considers
projects for acceptance and thereafter recommends the same to the Planning
Commission for investment clearance.

Ministry Of Water Resources has published revised “Guidelines for Preparation of

Detailed Project reports of Irrigation and Multipurpose projects” in 2010. The
Guidelines is available on CWC website cwc.nic.in.

It has been observed in general that DPR submitted by the Project Authorities is not
prepared as per the aforesaid guidelines. As such, it takes ample and unreasonable
time in CWC for getting the DPR through from techno-economic angle.

In order to enable scrutinizing agencies like Central water Commission to examine the
DPR from techno economic feasibility/viability point of view, it is necessary that the
intended project should be investigated thoroughly as per the CWC/MoWR guidelines
and the project report should be prepared systematically as per the existing guidelines
incorporating all requisite data, studies, designs & estimates.

2. PROJECT PLANNING

While carrying out Project planning of a Water Resource Project, a very

comprehensive and detailed exercise of study of data, field investigation, project
engineering and compilation of findings in the shape of a Project Report has to be
carried out. A systematic approach for project planning and consequent report
preparation involves the following stages –

- Desktop Study.
- Pre-feasibility Report preparation.
- Detailed Project Report preparation.

With the study at each stage as given above, the level of confidence for the
intended project goes up. Various aspects to be studied at the time of project planning
are broadly listed as under:

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 i. Need for project development,
ii. Type of project,
iii. Topography of the project area,
iv. Reservoir Planning
v. Hydrological Studies
vi. Geological and Geotechnical assessment
vii. Seismological Studies
viii. Construction material availability
ix. Benefit assessment
x. Engineering of project components
xi. Environmental Impact Assessment
xii. Planning of project infrastructure
xiii. Construction equipment planning
xiv. Cost estimation and financial evaluation

In this lecture, discussion shall be limited to preparation of Detailed Project report. The
details will be covered in the subsequent lectures.

3. PREPARATION OF DPR:

DPR is a mirror in which one can see the image of the project. The quality of the
image of the project depends on the quality of the mirror. As per the existing
guidelines, the DPR should have the following sections:

Section 1 Check list- To ensure that all the information that are required are covered in
the DPR.

Section 2 Salient features- to highlight the prominent parameters of the Project.

Section 3 Main report (DPR) - This section has been further explained in detail in the
subsequent Para.

Section 4 Drawing Volumes covering drawings / maps of the various components of

the Project.

Section 5 Appendices and annexure- Additional information related to the project.

4. MAIN REPORT (DPR)

4.1 Introduction

The following important items and sub items if any, as relevant to the project shall be
discussed briefly under this chapter.

.- Aim(s) of the project and description of the works

.- Location of project area including longitude and latitude and district(s) and
tehsil/taluka(s) affected/ benefited
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- Access by air/rail/road/ferry/ sea/ port / and other communication facilities
available in the area
- General climatic conditions of the state and project area in particular
- General descriptions of topography, physiographic and geology of the area
- Population affected and benefitted by the project
- Natural resources –
Salient features of master plan for overall development of water resources of
basin, the present level of utilisation of land & water resources and system
efficiency are given.
- Land-use and socio-economic aspects (including tribal, backward and drought
areas etc.)
- History (Earlier proposals)
- Choice of project: Alternative studies, carried out for various major components
of the project and including water resources planning and final choice of
project.
- Stages/phases of development of the project
- Fitment of the scheme in overall development of the river basin
- Intimation to the other development authorities regarding this Scheme.
- Public announcement and public hearings.
- Inter-linking of the scheme with neighboring schemes.
- Cost and Benefit of the scheme
- Public Cooperation and participation
- Provision for domestic and industrial power supply
4.2 Physical features

Details of Geographical disposition, Topography of the basin, Geology of the basin etc
should be discussed in this chapter.

4.3 Interstate/International Aspect(s)

DPR should contain a separate chapter on interstate/international aspects discussing

details of the following important items and additional items, if any, as relevant to the
project.

- State/countries traversed by the river.

- Distribution of catchment in states/countries and yields, from the catchment of
the state/country concerned.
- Effect of the following issues/aspects on the project
(a) Interstate/International agreement on sharing of waters, sharing the
benefits and costs, acceptance of submergence in the upstream
state(s)/ country(s) etc., if any.
(b) Interstate/International adjudication, if any.
(c) Interstate/International aspect of territory, property, etc. coming
under submergence, project affected people, rehabilitation,
compensation, etc. Prior concurrence of other country(ies)/other

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 State(s)where territory/property is affected by the project should be
obtained and appended in the DPR.
(d) Existing and sanctioned projects.
(e) Any other aspect of the project involving Interstate/International
problems.
- Existing riparian use
- Whether operation and regulation of the project conform to the stipulation made
in the Tribunal award/agreement and also the mechanism for such operation.
- In case of addition/alterations for existing project involving submergence in
other states and additional utilisation of water, concurrence of the concerned
states is to be included.
- Details regarding consumptive use of water in case of Hydro electric or Thermal
Power Projects

4.4. Surveys and investigations

The surveys and investigations carried out for the various alternatives considered
to justify the final choice of the location and type of various components of the project
shall be discussed.

- Topographical Surveys

Brief details of the surveys carried out for items listed below as relevant to this project
shall be furnished. For such surveys, suggested methodology shall be as under:

(a) Block level surveys shall be generally carried out on 50 m or less grid basis
depending upon the site conditions.
(b) Cross-section and D-section shall be taken by taking levels at 50m or fewer
intervals depending on the bed/bank slopes.

(c) The contour interval for slopes less than 10o to the horizontal shall be
0.10 or 0.30 or 0.50 or 1 m depending upon the purpose of surveys. For
slopes 10o - 30o the contour interval shall be 2 m and more than 30o - 3m or
more depending upon the steepness of the slopes.

- Geology, geo-technical features and seismicity.

Detailed report on geological, geo-technical features and seismicity discussing

Foundation Investigations, Construction Material Investigations, Hydrological and
Meteorological Investigations etc shall be discussed under this chapter.

5. HYDROLOGY

The details of the up-to date data collected and various studies made in regard to
Hydrology shall be furnished/discussed in a separate volume and appended to the
project report.

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The points regarding the hydrological studies shall be briefly discussed in the separate
chapter.

6. GROUND WATER

- Ground water resource availability

a) Location (shallow or deep) and extent of potential Quantum available
b) Status of present utilisation
- Ground water development prospects
- Anticipated behaviour of ground water on downstream after creation of
the reservoir based on the experience in the similar projects/areas.
- Quality of ground water (Salinity, pH, SAR, Boron, Fluorine etc.) and its
suitability for irrigation.
- Identification of areas of rising/declining water tables and feasibility of
conjunctive use of surface and ground water.

7. DESIGN FEATURE AND CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENT RIVER

VALLEY STRUCTURES

A separate volume discussing the design of project components in details relevant to

the project shall form an appendix of the project report.

8. RESERVOIR

The following points and additional points, if any, as relevant to the project shall be
discussed in details under this chapter:

8.1 Fixation of Storage and Reservoir Levels:

- Dead storage Level (El-m)

- Low Water Level (Minimum draw down) (El-m).
- Full Reservoir Level (El-m)
- Maximum Water Level (El-m)
- Maximum Back Water Level at Full Reservoir Level and its effect. Points
to which back water effect is felt.
- Any saddles present along the rim of the reservoir, how they are being
tackled etc.
- Fetch
- Direction of wind-velocity of wind, wave height, free board, Top of dam

8.2 Sedimentation data and studies

8.3 Life of Reservoir in years with basis

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 8.4 Capacities (M cum)
8.5 Effect on sub soil water table in the adjoining areas particularly downstream
of the dam
8.6 Reservoir rim stability
8.7 Area of submergence (ha) at:
8.8 Land Acquisition, property submerged and rehabilitation
8.9 Recreation facilities
8.10 Pisciculture
8.11 Need and recommendation for soil conservation measure in the catchment
8.12 Any other relevant information

9. IRRIGATION PLANNING

The following items shall be discussed under the Chapter Irrigation Planning of the
Detailed Project Report.

- Existing/proposed Irrigation facilities in the proposed project command

area
- Existing cropping pattern
- Agro-climatic Conditions
- Proposed cropping pattern
- Crop water requirements
- Water Planning
- Command Area Drainage
- Water Course/field channels
- Water Management
- Agricultural support services

A separate Chapter on Irrigation Planning is to be given in the report.

10. COMMAND AREA

The Chapter on Command Area Development shall be prepared in accordance with

the guidelines prescribed in Part IV (Command Area Development) of the guidelines.
This Chapter shall discuss briefly the following items covered in the detailed volume.
- Command Area Details

(a) Location
(b) Classification of land (Forest, grass land, cultivated land. cultivated
fallow, culturable waste barren
(c) Gross command area, Culturable command area
(d) Size of land holding

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 (e) Date of last revenue survey and land consolidation conducted in the
proposed command area to be given village/holding wise (only abstracts).

- Climate of Command Area

(a) Average Annual Rainfall (weighted) (mm)

(b) Seasonal distribution (Monsoon & non-monsoon) (mm)
(c) Co-efficient of variation
(d) Temperature (maximum, minimum and average) (oC)
(e) Humidity (maximum minimum & average)
(f) Evapo-transpiration (ETO)-annual

- Irrigation

(a) Present sources of Irrigation in the command

(b) Method(s) of irrigation followed
(c) Status of land development for Irrigated Areas
(i) Condition of channels (lined/unlined)
(ii) Longitudinal slopes in the field
(iii) Status of field channels/drains
(d) Assumed field application efficiency with justification
(e) Record of water logging, salinity and flooding
- Socio-economic aspect

(a) Population major occupation(s) income etc.

(b) Classification of farmers (marginal, small, medium, big)
(c) Land tenure
(d) Income-average
- Infrastructure facilities

(a) Railways and roads (villages, district etc.)

(b) Marketing facilities
(c) Agro-industries
(d) Banks; credit societies etc.
- Topography and Soils
- Drainage Density of natural drainage (km. per sq. km. of the command area)

- Agriculture

11. FLOOD CONTROL

The following points and additional points, if any, pertaining to flood control and
drainage aspects of the multipurpose project shall be discussed under this Chapter.

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 - Description of the flood problem in the tributary/sub-basin in which the
reservoir proposed as well as in the main river basin with particular
reference to the command area of the project.
- Details of the inter-state international aspects of the flood/drainage problems, if
any.
- Flood Data

(a) Historical floods

(i) Source of information
(ii) Years of occurrence
(iii) Estimated peak discharge
(iv) Peak Gauge
(v) Area affected (Map to be enclosed)
(vi) Flood damages
(b) Observed floods (year-wise):

The following data shall be furnished for the period since observations were started:
(i) Year
(ii) Flood hydrograph
(iii) Observed/estimated peak discharge
(iv) Maximum gauge
(v) Area affected with average depth of flooding

- Flood damage (year-wise)

The following information shall be supplied for a minimum period of preceding 10

years:
(a) Village, Taluka or Tehsils/Towns/Districts etc affected
(b) Population affected
(c) Area affected (in the proposed project)
(i) Gross area
(ii) Culturable area
(iii) Cultivated area
(iv) Damage/loss
(d) Physical and monetary year-wise (in particular river basin/sub-basin)
(i) Property
(ii) Crops
(iii)Human Life
(iv) Cattle
(v) Public utility services
(vi) Any other

(e)Flood relief expenditure (year wise)

- Existing storage and flood control works in the tributary/ main river basin
(a) Existing storage works
(i) Location

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 (ii) Catchment area intercepted
(iii)Live storage
(iv) Specific flood storage, if any
(v) Flood moderation by the existing reservoir
(vi) Residual floods
(vii)Possible modification for improvement of flood situation
(b) Flood control works -Details of existing works like embankments
(i) Location
(ii) Spacing of embankments in case of double embankments and distance
from present river bank in case of single embankments.
(iii) Design HFL and frequency of floods for which embankments were
designed
(iv) Top level of embankment
(v) Carrying capacity of river with embankments
(vi) Possible modification for improvement of flood situation

- Flood control by proposed reservoir

(a) Existing safe carrying capacity of the tributary/river in the flood prone areas

(b) Hydrological considerations for flood moderation by reservoir

(c) Impact of the proposed flood protection works including likely reduction in
general damage, expenditure on relief, remission of revenues etc.

- Flood control measures for command area:

(a) Peak flood of 25, 50 and 100 year frequency at damage centres after
taking into account moderation by reservoir(s) and synchronizable
contribution of uncontrolled catchment.
(b) Safe carrying capacity of river in flood prone area
(c) Technical details of proposals for flood protection of command area are as
under:
(i) Embankments
(ii) Channel improvement
(iii) River diversion
(iv) Programme of completion
(v) Degree of protection

12. DRAINAGE

- Basin Characteristics

(a) Geological history/geology

(b) Physiography
(c) Existing Drainage lines
(d) Farm drainage
(e) Rainfall, its distribution over space and time
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 - Investigation in Brief
(a) Water-table investigation and Artesian conditions
(b) Soil surveys-texture and permeability

- Cultivation practices

- Existing Drainage
- Drainage deficiencies
- Drainage requirements including alternative layout of drains, their capacities
(surface and sub-surface).

13. POWER

13.1 The following points and additional points, if any, as relevant to the Power aspect
of Multipurpose project shall be discussed under this chapter.

- Available generating capacity (MW) in the State/region from different sources

with location, category-wise:

a) Hydro Power (for ROR, ROR with pondage, storage, pumped storage
separately).
b) Thermal power
c) Diesel power
d) Gas Turbine
e) Atomic power
f) Tidal Power
g) Solar power
h) Geothermal power
i) Pumped storage plants
j) Any other

- Present status of utilisation of power:

a) Agriculture
b) Industry
c) Domestic
d) Commercial
e) Others
- Energy availability (kWh) and peaking capability (MW) month wise and
category-wise.
- Shortages/surpluses and import/export of power from/to the neighbouring
States/regions.
- Transmission system

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13.2 Power requirements

13.3 Future plans of power development in the States/region.

13.4 Assessment of power benefits of the proposed project.

13.5 Power house & equipment

13.6 Power Plant Head and Flow

- Minimum net head at MDDL

- Maximum net head at FRL
- Rated net head
- Design net head
- Maximum discharge at MDDL
- Minimum discharge at FRL
- TWL
- Minimum
- Maximum
- Maximum under flood condition

13.7 Transmission Arrangement

- Transmission Voltage
- Number of Circuits
- Single Circuit/Double Circuit
- Terminal Sub-station Details

13.8 Installed capacity

13.9 Power Benefits

- Firm power
- Annual Energy Generation in 90% dependable year

13.10 Financial Package proposed for construction of the project.

13.11 Capital Cost (base year)

- Civil works cost

- Electromechanical equipment
- Transmission cost
- Interest during Construction
- Total project cost
- Capital cost per kilowatt hour

13.12 Implementation Schedule

Page 11
 - Pre-construction (years)
- Construction (years)
13.13 Allocated cost of head works.

13.14 Comparison of the total cost of the hydro-electric components of the

project with any other viable category viz. thermal, atomic, tidal etc.
13.15 Construction power requirement and proposed supply arrangement.

13.16 Economic Evaluation

- Unit cost of generation at Bus Bar

- B.C. ratio
- Internal rate of return (IRR)

14. NAVIGATION

If required, navigation aspect should also been discussed.

15. CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME AND MANPOWER AND PLANT

PLANNING

Information on details of year-wise construction programme, plant planning and

manpower planning should be discussed in this chapter.

16. ENVIRONMENT, ECOLOGY & FOREST ASPECTS OF THE

PROJECT

As per Planning Commission letter ( No: 16 (2)99-WR dated 30.11.2000), the State
Government shall obtain all required statutory clearances from the Ministry of
Environment and Forest and Ministry of tribal Affairs like environmental clearance,
Forest clearance, approval for rehabilitation and resettlement plan and all other
clearances, as may be required before the investment approval is accorded.

17. ESTIMATE

"Guidelines for preparation of estimate for river valley projects" formulated by Central
Water Commission should be followed for making Cost Estimate. Details are covered
under Cost Estimate Chapter.

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 Ashok Kumar V
Deputy Director, EconomicsDte
CWC, New Delhi

NOTE ON THE GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTINUATION OF

SCHEME ON REPAIR, RENOVATION & RESTORATION (RRR) OF
WATER BODIES IN XIIPLAN.

1. Introduction

A water body is a structure where rain water is accumulated or water is stored by

diversion from a stream, nala or river. Water bodies serve as reservoirs in the monsoon
dependent areas of the country where there exists a shorter period of rainfall and a long
dry spell with very high deviation of annual rainfall. The small storage tanks are called
ponds which are mostly community owned. The large storage tanks whose command
varies from 20 to 2000 hectares are generally constructed by government department or
local bodies.
In India, tanks/ponds and lakes have traditionally played an important role in
conserving water for meeting various needs of the communities.Through the ages, Indian
agriculture has been sustained by natural and man-made water bodies such as lakes,
tanks, ponds and similar structures. However, many of these water bodies are not inuse
because of development of ground water irrigation systems, silting, inadequate
maintenance and management, encroachments and diversion of land for other purposes,
etc.
The water bodies are even religiously quite significant. Lakes of India, such as,
Pushkar in Rajasthan, Gurudongmar in Sikkim, and others are renowned for their religious
importance. The striking beauty of lakes of India, like Vemnanad Lake in Kerala, Bhimtal
Lake in Uttarakhand, etc. has made them favourite haunts for the tourists. The lakes of
Rajasthan add vigour to the colossal forts and palaces.
The current projections suggests that by the year 2051, there is likely to be an
overall water scarcity in the country, unless either new sources of water become available
or existing usages of water are conserved.As per the 4th Minor IrrigationCensus, about 6
lakhs tanks and storages in India are used for Minor Irrigation Schemes under surface flow
and surface lift. Out of 6 lakhs, 1 lakh water bodies were not in use due to various reasons.

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Out of the 1 lakh water bodies which were not in use, 0.74 lakh were temporarily not in use
and about 0.24 lakh were permanently in use.
2. Pilot Scheme on Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies
during X Five Year Plan
During the X Plan, the Pilot Scheme namely “Repair, Renovation and Restoration
(RRR) of Water Bodies as a state sector directly linked to agriculture was launched by the
Government of India in January 2005. The Pilot scheme envisaged a Plan Outlay of Rs.
300 crore to be shared by Centre and State in the ratio of 3:1 i.e. with 75% Central
Assistance by Government of India and 25% by State Government. The water bodies
having original irrigation cultural command area (CCA) between 40 ha to 2000 ha were
eligible for funding under the pilot scheme. Under the Pilot scheme, 1098 Water Bodies
were taken up in 26 districts of 15 states. Work was completed in 1085 water bodies and
work was dropped in 13 water bodies. An irrigation potential of 0.78 lakh ha was restored.

Independent evaluation of the pilot scheme done by various agencies / organisations, viz.,
Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar, Water & Land Management
& Training and Research Institute (WALAMTARI), Hyderabad; Centre for Water Resources
Development and Management (CWRDM), Kerala; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore and National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad.

The reports of the agencies indicates that it has resulted in many positive outcomes
like increase in storage capacity, increased utilization of water for irrigation, increased
utilisation in annual irrigation etc. and the benefits of the scheme have percolated to SC/ST
families.
3. Scheme of Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of water bodies with
Domestic Support during XI Five Year Plan
Keeping in view the success of the Pilot Schemefor RRR of water bodies launched
during X Plan and need for a comprehensive programme to upscale the gains from water
bodies, the Ministry of Water Resources, GOI during the XI Plan introduced/ launched a
state sector scheme for RRR of water bodies with two components– one with Domestic
Support and the other with External Assistance during the year 2009. Under the Scheme of
RRR of water bodies with domestic support, a total of 3341 Water Bodies from all over
India (12 States)were taken up for restoration.Out of which 2145Water Bodies have been
completed till date anda Central Assistance (CA) of Rs. 917.259 crore has been released
so far . There is a provision of Rs 250 crore(as central grant ) has been kept in the total
Page 23
Central Assistance allocation of Rs 6235 crore during XII Plan implementation for
completing the repair works of the ongoing works of water bodies which were approved
during XI Plan .
4. Scheme of Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of water bodies with
External Assistance during XI Five Year Plan:
Under the scheme of RRR of water bodies with External Assistance, 10887 Water
Bodies were taken up for restoration in the 4 States of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka
and Tamil Nadu at an estimated cost of Rs.3700 crore with CCA of 8.25 lakh ha was
proposed to be covered. Under the scheme with loan assistance from World bank, GOI
took 25% of the world bank loan and passed it on to the respective State Governments as
Central Grant and 75% of the loan was transferred to the State Governments on back to
back basis to meet the state share. The works of 4224 water bodies have been completed
as on 01.01.2013. The implementation of the scheme is being dealt by Department of
Economic Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance and World Bank.
5. Scheme of Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of water bodies for
continuation during XII Five Year Plan:
To increase the participation of all the States, it was felt to frame a new scheme for
Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies during the XII Plan as a State
Sector Scheme with domestic budgetary support.

The scheme on RRR of water bodies for continuation during the XII Plan has been
approved by the Cabinet on 20.09.2013. Accordingly, the guidelines were issued on
28.10.2013. The Working Group for Minor Irrigation and Watershed Management for the
XII Plan period had recommended an outlay of Rs. 30,000 crore for the scheme. However,
in view of resource constraint, it is proposed to cover only 10,000(9000 water bodies from
Rural areas and 1000 water bodies from Urban areas) Water Bodies having culturable
command area of 6.235 lakh hectares with a total project cost of Rs. 10,000 crore under
the scheme during the XII Plan. The Central and State share would be Rs. 6235 crore and
Rs. 3765 crore respectively. The Central share includes a liability of Rs. 250 crore on
account of spilling over works of water bodies from previous years. The States would also
be encouraged to seek external assistance for funding of RRR of Water Bodies.
6. Main Objectives of the scheme:
(i) Comprehensive improvement and restoration water bodies thereby increasing tank
storage capacity.

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(ii) Ground Water Recharge.
(iii) Increased availability of drinking water.
(iv) Improvement in agriculture/horticulture productivity.
(v) Improvement of catchment areas of tank commands.
(vi) Environmental benefits through improved water use efficiency; by promotion of
conjunctive use of surface and ground water.
(vii) Community participation and self-supporting system for sustainable management for
each water body.
(viii) Capacity Building of communities, in better water management.
(ix) Development of tourism, cultural activities, etc.
Therefore, it has been visualised that this programme will go in a long way in
enhancing water availability in different parts of the country.

7. FUNDING PATTERN AND THE ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR FUNDING

(i)The central assistance will be in the form of grant which will be 90% of project cost in
case of Special Category States (North-Eastern States including Sikkim, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and undivided Koraput, Bolangir and Kalahandi
(KBK districts of Orissa) as well as projects lying in desert development
programme(DDP),drought prone area/tribal area/Naxal affected area and Central
assistance of 25% of project cost in case of Non-Special Category States/areas. The
balance cost of the project as State share (10% in case of Special Category States/areas
and 75% in case of Non-Special Category States/ areas) is to be arranged by the State
Governments themselves.
(ii) The works of RRR of water bodies spilling over from XI Plan would be funded as per XI
Plan guidelines.
(iii) The proposals which satisfy the following criteria should be eligible for funding:
a) The water bodies are approved by the State Advisory Technical Committee (TAC)
constituted by the State which includes representative from Central Water Commission
(CWC) and Central Ground Water Board as Member.
b) The water bodies lying in Desert Development Programme (DDP), drought prone
area/tribal area/Naxal affected area to be taken up will be decided in consultation with
Planning Commission.
c) The proposals not receiving any other form of financial assistance.

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d) The works shall be completed within 2 financial years excluding the year of inclusion of
water bodies under RRR.
e) Proposals with B.C. Ratio of 1:1 for special category states/areas and more than 1 for
non-special category states.
f) Rural water bodies having minimum water spread area of 5 hectare.
g) Urban water bodies having water spread area from 2.0 hectare to 10 hectare.
h) The scheme will emphasize development of catchment area, desiltation and command
area development in respect of water bodies.The RRR scheme in rural areas is proposed
to be implemented in convergence with the Integrated Watershed Management
Programme so that the catchment areas of the water body selected are located either in
treated micro/mini watershed or those selected for treatmentduring the next year or two.
The proposals of only those water bodies in which catchment area treatment works have
started under Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) would be included
in the scheme of RRR of water bodies. In case, the scheme of IWMP isbeing considered
for implementation in the state based on IWMP programme, the water bodies of such area
will also be included in the scheme received upto March, 2013. A certificate from State
Government will be required for speedily implementation of IWMP in those areas.
g) State Government is to take necessary steps for declaring the waterbody boundary
through a Government order and to ensure removal ofencroachments in the water body
spread area/water body boundarybefore submitting the proposal for release of 2nd
instalment of grant forcompletion of work on the water body under RRR.
8. Scheme Design:
While the structure of the scheme will follow the pattern already adopted during the
XI Five Year Plan period with almost the same objectives as the previous schemes,a more
comprehensive approach towards integrated development of water bodies will be adopted
with the following features :-

All public and community owned water bodies may be covered under the
project. Private owned water bodies will not be covered.

All water bodies included in the project will be given a Unique Code Number.
States will accordingly undertake census of these water bodies and get
complete list of water bodies along with Unique Code in the first stage.

Under the scheme, 10,000 Water Bodies would be covered out of which
9,000 water bodies would be in rural areas and 1,000 water bodies in urban

Page 26
 areas.For the first time, the restoration works of urban water bodies are being
taken up for implementation.

Urban water bodies having water spread area from 2 hectares to 10 hectares
will be included under the scheme. Rural water bodies having minimum
water spread area of 5 hectares will be included under the scheme.

The scheme will emphasize development of catchment area, de-siltation and
command area development in respect of water bodies. The RRR scheme in
rural areas is proposed to be implemented in convergence with the Integrated
Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) so that the catchment areas of
the water body selected are located either in treated micro/mini watershed or
those selected for treatment during the next year or two. The proposals of
only those water bodies in which catchment area treatment works have
started under IWMP would be included in the scheme of RRR of water
bodies.

Participatory Management and Project Implementation with active
involvement of stake holders.

Association of NGOs with the organization of Water Users’ Association in the
command areas may be encouraged.
9. Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPR):

The DPR of a project has to include information on the following aspects:

(i) Details of present status of the water bodies (in use or partially used or not in
use) with reasons for deterioration in condition and also its categorization in
terms of location, special category states, or in non- special category states.
(ii) Rainfall during the last ten years, ground water level, land use pattern, soil
characteristics, climate conditions, availability of water in the catchment area
for channelization into water body, water quality situation in the water body
and adjoining areas.
(iii) Details of original CCA, present CCA and CCA planned in the DPR, original
storage capacity/present storage capacity and storage capacity planned in
the DPR, water quality situation in the water body and of ground water in
adjoining areas with likely impact of the project on water quality of the water
body and of the ground water.

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 (iv) Scope of work viz De-silting in terms of quantum of silt to be removed, repair
of conveyance system, strengthening of bund(s), repair of weirs and sluices,
catchment treatment, command area development, soil erosion prevention
works, quality control measures. Maps of catchment and command areas are
to be enclosed in the DPR.
(V) The scheme envisages capacity building of implementing agencies such as
Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) and its attached and subordinate
offices, State governments, District Implementing agencies, Water Users’
Associations (WUAs) and Panchayats. Accordingly, a capacity building
programme aimed at sensitization of stakeholders, identification and selection
of water bodies, preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs), monitoring
and evaluation is to be prepared and included in the DPRs.
(VI) The proposals of only those water bodies in which catchment area treatment
Works have started under Integrated Watershed Management
Programme(IWMP) would be included in the scheme of RRR of water bodies.
In case,the scheme of IWMP is being considered for implementation in the
statebased on IWMP programme, the water bodies of such area will also
beincluded in the scheme received upto March, 2013. A certificate from
StateGovernment will be required for speedily implementation of IWMP in
thoseareas.
(VII) Targeted benefits under the project will include creation of additionalirrigation
potential, Increase in agriculture / horticulture / piscicultureproductionand
productivity, increase in recharge of ground water,improvement in water use
efficiency, increase in availability of drinkingwater, impact on water quality,
removal of weed growth, promotion oftourism and culture.
(VIII) Detailed calculation for working out the Benefit Cost ratio (BC ratio) for
eachwater body.
(IX) Implementation schedule & corresponding requirement of funds; details
ofarrangement for monitoring & evaluation and arrangement for use and
maintenance of the restored water bodies.
(x) The checklist as enclosed in the guidelines should be the part of DPR.

10. Implementation of the Scheme

The institutional structure/activity mapping proposed is as below:

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 i) Water Users’ Association(WUA) at the Gram Panchayat Level:
At the water body level, the Detailed Project Reports(DPRs) would be prepared
and works would be implemented by Water Users Association (WUA)/ Local
Panchayat / A Government agency identified by the District Level implementing
Agency (DLIA). The implementation plan of the project will be placed before the
Gram Sabha and its Cooperation will be solicited by timely completion of the
project. The WUA would also earn revenues by charging for its services from its
members and build up a corpus for maintaining and managing the water bodies
over time.
ii) Arrangements at District Level
The proposals identified/received by DLIA would be scrutinised/included in the
District Plan and forwarded to State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) for putting up to
State Technical Advisory Committee (TAC).
iii) Arrangements at State Level
A State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) will be identified by the State Government
which will be responsible to plan various activities envisaged under the scheme
and monitor their implementation. A Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) will be
constituted by the State to techno economically appraise and approve the DPR.
TAC shall also include representative from Central Water Commission (CWC) and
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB). After approval of the DPR by the State
TAC, the State will submit the DPR to the concerned Regional/Field Office of CWC.
iv) Arrangements at Central Level
The MoWR will coordinate the programme at the central level through Central
Water Commission. The Regional office of CWC shall forward the DPRs approved
by the State TAC along with their recommendations to CWC Hq. Further CWC
headquarter shall forward the eligible proposals to MOWR, RD & GR for their
inclusion and funding. The inclusion of the Water Bodies for Central Assistance
under the Scheme would be approved by the Empowered Committee of
MoWR,RD& GR under the Chairmanship of Secretary/Special Secretary/Additional
Secretary (WR).
11. PROCEDURE FOR SUBMISSION OF PROPOSALS
(i) At the water body level, the DPRs of the water bodies are to be prepared by WUA /
Local Panchayat / a Government agency identified by DLIA. The Detailed Project

Page 29
 Reports (DPRs) will then be forwarded to District Level Implementation Agency
(DLIA) for onward transmission to the State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA).
(ii) The proposals received by DLIA would be scrutinised, included in the District Plan
and forwarded to State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) for putting up to State TAC.
(iii) After approval of the DPR by state TAC, the States will submit DPRs to the field
office of Central Water Commission, which in turn will take further necessary action
for release of funds under the scheme.

11. Release of funds:

(i) Necessary budget provision for the total amount of the project for both Central and
State shares are to be kept in the State Plan Budget for the relevant year.
(ii) The Central Assistance (CA) will be in the form of central grant which will be as
under:
a. For Ongoing projects already under RRR: 90% of project cost in case ofspecial
category States, projects benefiting drought prone area, tribalarea and flood prone area
and 25% of project cost in case of Non-specialcategory States/areas.
b. For new projects under RRR : 90% of the cost of the project (workcomponent) for
Special Category States, and Projects benefiting specialareas (Naxal affected areas,
DPAP areas, Tribal areas, , DesertDevelopment Programme(DDP) Area of General
Category States and 25% of project cost in case of Non-special category States/areas.
Thebalance cost of the project as the state’s share is to be arranged by thestate
government from its own resources.
(iii) The State Governments will be required to enter into aMemorandum of
Understanding(MoU) with the MoWR under the programme indicating estimated
cost, benefits accrued like potential to be restored, targeted quantum of water after
restoration, proposed ground water recharge, population benefitted from drinking
water, etc., year-wise phasing of expenditure along with the target date of
completion.
(iv) The state Government shall transfer the Central Grant to the project implementing
authority within 15 days of its release by the Government of India.
(v) For projects receiving assistance upto 50% of the project cost, 90%of GOI share of
fundsis to be released after release of at least 50% Stat’s share. For projects
receiving assistance higher than 50%, 50% GOI share is to be released after the
State releases its full share.

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 (vi) Balance/second installment of GOI share is to be released after obtaining Utilization
Certificate (UC) of minimum of 50% of GOI funds released earlier.
(vii) Next year installment is to be released after obtaining 100% utilization of funds
released in the previous year(s).
(viii) The Utilization Certificate (UC) shall be issued by the Chief Engineer of the project
and countersigned by Secretary (Water Resources / Irrigation) / Secretary (Finance)
of the State Government.
(ix) The State Government shall provide annual audited statement of expenditure
incurred within 9 months of release of central grant.
(x) If the State Government fails to comply with the agreed date of completion, the grant
component released will be treated as loan and recovered as per the usual term of
recovery of the central loan.
(xi) The cost at the time of inclusion of any new project in the scheme of RRR of water
bodies will be frozen. In cases where project completion is delayed due to force
majeure, time extension may be considered for maximum one year.
(xii) The check list for processing the release of funds by CWC/Ministry of Water
Resources, Government of India should be enclosed.
12. Monitoring and Evaluation
(i) Regular monitoring of the project is to be carried out at each stage.Monitoring
would include maintaining of both physical and financialProgress and the outcome.
Monitoring would be done with the associationof the Coordination Cell of the State
Govt. and standing committee of thePanchayat at the appropriate level.
(ii) The water bodies under RRR would also be monitored periodically onsample
basis by Field Office of Central Water Commission.
(iii) Baseline survey would be conducted before the commencement of theproject
execution. Evaluation and impact assessment of the scheme will bedone by
independent agencies to be identified by the Ministry of WaterResources. Necessary
reports and field visits are to be made on regularbasis for the purpose.
(iv) The State Government shall monitor the quality of works as per therelevant BIS
codes through the agency independent of the executingagency.
(v) Concurrent evaluation is to be done by the State Government themselves
byinvolving independent agencies which may include IIMs and IITs.

Page 31
 Preparation of Cost Estimate for Irrigation, Flood
Management and Multipurpose Projects

Cost estimate of River Valley Projects is a prerequisite for the investment clearance of the
project proposal. It is one vital aspect of Detailed Project Report (DPR). Further, cost
estimate for the ongoing projects become essential when the total cost of the project
exceeds 15% of the earlier approved cost, excluding the price escalation or there is some
change in scope in the project. This estimate is technically termed as Revised Cost Estimate
(RCE). After the completion of the project i.e., commissioning of the project, completion
cost of the project is also prepared. The above three stages are applicable in case of a
public sector projects. The estimated cost is tagged with a year and no escalation is
considered. However, for private sector project, cost estimate at the DPR stage is prepared
and total cost of the project is projected and finalized with reasonable interest during
construction (IDC) and financing.

For the preparation of cost estimate of a river valley project at DPR stage, many an
approximations are considered based on the past experiences and experiences from the
nearby projects. Cost estimation of a DPR involves many a technological considerations like
design, quantity estimation, equipment planning etc. At the DPR stage detailed design and
quantity estimation are not done and some tentative calculations are only made. Based on
the site conditions there may be many a variations. Still, cost estimate gives a standard
idea about the technical viability of the project and helps to plan the implementation of
the project with reasonability and means.

The preparation of cost estimate of a DPR is a lengthy work and involves many a
calculations and specifications for wide variety of items of works and machinery. Basic
inputs are quantity estimation and equipment planning besides the unit cost of material
and manpower (skilled/semiskilled/unskilled). For detailed calculation the following
references are very much important.
(1) Report of Committee of Cost Control of River Valley Projects, Vol-II, 1981
(2) CWC Guidelines for Preparation of Project Estimates for River Valley Projects,
1997
(3) CWC Guide Book on use rate, Hire charges and transfer value of Equipment and
spare parts, Dec.1988
(4) Guidelines for Formulation of Detailed Project Reports for Hydro Electric
Schemes, their Acceptance and Examination for concurrence, CEA,
2012(Revision-3)
(5) Indian Standard IS: 4877 “Guide for Preparation of Estimate for River Valley
Projects”.

UNITS
According to the BIS Standard mentioned above, the project works have to be grouped
into
the following units:

Page 34
a) Unit-I - Headworks including main dam and auxiliary dam, dykes, spillway, outlet works,
energy dissipation devices, barrages, weirs, regulators including intake structures and
diversion works.
b) Unit II-Main canals, branches, and distribution system inclusive of all pucca works.
c) Unit III-Hydro-electric installation
1) Power Plant and appurtenant works:
i) Civil works, and
ii) Power equipment.
2) Transmission lines.
3) Sub-stations.
d) Unit IV - Navigation works.
e) Unit V - Water supply works.
HEADS
Each unit should be covered under the following minor heads classified as direct and
indirect
charges.
Direct Charges
These shall include the following:
I. Works.
II. Establishment,
III.Tools and Plant.
IV. Suspense.
V. Receipts and recoveries on capital account.
Indirect Charges
These shall include the following:
a) Capitalized value of abatement of land revenue,and
b) Audit and account charges.
The provisions under the Minor head I-Works will be sub-divided under the following
detailed sub-heads:
A- Preliminary
B- Land
i) Acquisition & Compensation
ii) Rehabilitation and resettlement

C- Works
D- Regulators and measuring devices (for canals only)
E- Falls (for canals only)
F- Cross drainage works (for canals only).
G- Bridges (for canals only)
H- Escapes (for canals only)
I- Navigation works.
J- Power Plant Civil Works.
K- Buildings.
L- (for canals only)
i) Earthwork;
ii) Lining and
iii) Service Road.
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M- Plantation.
N- Tanks and reservoirs.
O- Miscellaneous.
P- Maintenance.
Q- Special T & P.
R- Communications.
S- Power Plant and electrical Mechanical System.
T- Water Supply Works.
U- Distributaries minors and subminors.
V- Water courses.
W- Drainage (to be clubbed with Environment & Ecology)
X- Environment and ecology.
Y- Losses on stock.

ABSTRACT OF COST
Detailed Abstract of cost
TO work out the total cost of the project in detail the cost of various units mentioned
above should be compiled in a tabular form according to the accounts heads.
General Abstract of cost
On the basis of the detailed abstract of cost as above, general abstract of cost for the
whole project tabulating all the units together may be compiled by minor and detailed
heads.

EXAMINATION OF PROJECT ESTIMATES IN CWC

Under the procedure laid down by the Planning Commission, all major irrigation &
multipurpose project reports including cost estimates received from the State Govts.
/Union Territories have to be examined in detail by CWC and put up to the Advisory
Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources for acceptance. After these schemes are
accepted by the Advisory Committee, the investment clearance is issued. Thereafter,
during implementation of the projects, if the cost exceeds 15% of the original approved
cost including escalation due to price rise or where there is change in scope i.e. change in
project parameters resulting in changes in nature and benefits such as CCA, installed
capacity, energy generation etc., then a revised estimate for the project has to be
submitted by the State and the estimate examined afresh for necessary clearance by
CWC/Advisory Committee etc.
Feasibility estimates generally known as project estimates provide the basis for
authorization of the project for construction and for the appropriation of construction
funds. These estimates should be in enough detail to show the quantity, unit cost and total
costs of various works and supply items.
Engineering surveys, geological explorations and similar works accomplished during the
feasibility investigations are usually carried out to the extent needed to enable at least, a
tentative layout to be prepared for the purpose of sound cost estimate and to prove the
feasibility of the project. CWC has laid down guidelines for the minimum investigations to
be done for formulation and submission of Irrigation and H.E.Projects. It is necessary that
these guidelines are followed and the prescribed investigations are done to arrive at
realistic estimates.

Page 36
In the feasibility estimates, cost of major items is best worked out in detail on the basis of
preliminary layouts and designs and unit rates which should be analyzed for the project in
question. Smaller items may be computed from cost graphs and parametric rates.

PREPARATION OF ESTIMATE
The capital cost of a project includes all cost associated with investigations, design,
construction and maintenance during construction period of the project. For preparation
of cost estimates of civil works, the unit costs of labour, materials and equipment
necessary to perform the work designated in the various pay-items for the proposed
construction shall be determined. Current unit cost shall be used in all estimates and price
level of the project estimate shall be mentioned.
The analysis of rates for various items shall be worked out taking into consideration the
cost of materials, carriage-handling-storing, labour and share of machines involved in
executing various items of the work and overhead charges.
The quantitative assessment of material requirement shall be adopted from authoritative
books/publications or through independent calculations based on the data available at site
or other projects. The unit cost of various materials may be taken as those prevalent in the
State/ region. The appropriate cost for freight, unloading, cartage, storage, inspection and
testing should also be included.
The wages of workers are periodically revised by the State under the statutory labour laws.
Daily wage rates, therefore, shall be taken as those prevalent in the State at the time of
formulation of the project.
For working out the use rates of machinery, the norms for life, depreciation, repair
provision etc. shall be adopted as recommended by the latest CWC Guide Book on use
rate, hire charges and transfer value of equipment and spare parts. Price of various
equipments should be taken on the basis of recent quotations/ price list of such
equipment. All taxes and freight charges should be taken into consideration while arriving
at the cost of equipment at site.
Provision for contingencies and work-charged establishment is generally considered up to
3% and 2% respectively of the works’ cost and provided in the detailed works estimates
prepared on the heads of items rates and quantities of works to be executed. These
percentage provisions should not be considered on lump-sum items.
Mention shall also be made regarding communication facilities available, terrain through
which the roads are passing (hilly, plain etc.), type of road (Black top, water bound
macadam, murum, kacha etc.). Suitable provisions for overhead charges and profit of the
contractor has to be kept in the estimate. Since it is difficult to identify overheads and
profits precisely, both these together may be provided @ 20% of the prime cost/or as per
State Govt. norms in the analysis of rates. In the case of departmental works it is expected
that additional departmental charges would also be about 20%. Any location specific
incentives given for developing projects by States/ Union Govts should be considered in
the estimate. Specific mention in this regard may also be made in the abstract of the
estimate. In case of works let out on contract, the provision for II-establishment including
leave and pensionary charges is generally of the order of 8 to 10 % for concentrated works
and 10 to 12 % for scattered works like canals. For works to be executed departmentally
the provisions could be higher than those given above say 12 to 15 %. For Hydro Electric

Page 37
projects, the provisions for II-Establishment may be considered as per the latest CEA
guidelines.
Project estimates are to be prepared on the basis of current costs without making any
provision for future increase in price during the period of execution of the project. No
allowance on future price escalation is to be considered as per government policy.
However, in the case of private sector power projects, total completed project cost,
including interest during construction (IDC) and financing costs, has to be arrived at before
considering the project for execution.

INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN IN THE ESTIMATE

The following information is generally covered in the report of an estimate

1. Scope
2. Method of construction
3. Construction plant
4. Establishment
5. Land and resettlement of oustees
6. Time
7. Construction materials
8. Communications
9. Other public facilities
10. Labour
11. Diversion arrangement
The following documents are to be accompanied with the estimate.
1. Index map of the project, general layout and preliminary Drawings of important
structures.
2. Single line diagram and layout drawings of Power House and Switchyard (applicable for
Power Project only).
3. Brief specifications of work.
4. Details of micro planning for distributries, minors, water courses and drainage for 10%
of the total area of the command in the case of Irrigation scheme.
5. A schedule of prevailing basic labour wages.
6. A schedule of prevailing basic cost of materials supported by analysis wherever
necessary.
7. A schedule of prevailing transport rates supported by analysis wherever necessary.
8. Basic out-puts of men and machines assumed for estimating the cost.
9. Use rates of equipment supported by their analysis.
10. Analysis of unit rates of various works.
11. Copy of the latest schedule of rates of the district in which the project is located.
12. Relevant certificates from concerned Authorities/Departments.
The list is not exhaustive. Necessary supporting documents which differ from project to
project may have to be attached with the estimate for transparency and future reference.

REVISED COST ESTIMATE (RCE)

In the case of major and multipurpose projects which have been approved by the Planning
Commission and where the revised estimates of the project have increased by more than
15% of the original estimates, excluding escalation due to price rise or where there is
Page 38
change in scope, be required to be furnished to CWC for examination in the same way as-
new major and multi-purpose schemes irrespective of the fact whether the revision is due
to change in scope or not. The procedure for scrutiny for such revised project estimates
shall be same as for the new projects
In respect of revised project estimates where there is no change in the scope and where
the cost excluding escalation due to price rise has not changed by more than 15%, the
State Government need not forward a detailed estimate for examination at Centre. For
such projects the State Government should send to CWC an excess note after obtaining
the concurrence of the State Finance Department giving the abstract of cost under major
sub head indicating the excess cost over the sanctioned cost and giving reasons thereof.
The note will include the salient features of the project as originally proposed and as being
executed at site. The CWC will examine such estimates broadly and send its views to the
Advisory Committee for consideration and recommendation of the Planning Commission.
In the case of projects which undergo modification and revision subsequent to their
pproval, the information required to be submitted to Planning Commission should be
submitted in good time so that approval for the revised scheme is received from the
Planning commission before any additional commitments over and above the sanctioned
project estimate are made in respect of them.

The revised estimate should also include variation statement showing the variation in cost
of different sub heads. Quantities and rates of important items should be furnished. Other
items should be included as miscellaneous in the total cost. The revised estimate should
also include an analysis of the reasons for the increase in cost of different sub heads as
detailed below:
1. Rise in prices including variation due to exchange rate.
2. Rise due to change in scope.
3. Rise due to inadequate provisions in earlier estimate.
4. rise due to change in design
5. Additional requirements/new items.
6. Rise due to other causes such as inadequate plan allocation, arbitration, legal cases,
poor performance of equipment, procurement problems etc.
When revised estimates are prepared during construction, the quantities of items
completed should be indicated separately and the cost thereof assessed on the basis if
actual expenditure. Any liability arising out of the contract for completed work and
affecting the cost should also be considered in the estimate. For works in progress the
estimates should be based in contract rates. If the contract document contains any clause
for escalation on the prices of materials and labour wages subsequent to the award of
contract, the amount involved should be assessed and included in the estimate. For the
balance work to be done, the cost should be estimated on the basis of rates prevalent at
the time of the preparation of the revised estimates.

Page 39
 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION, FLOOD MANAGEMENT AND
MULTIPURPOSE PROJECTS

1. Introduction:
Economic evaluation of the project is basically an investment decision guided by cost
estimate of the project on one side and the benefits expected to flow by such investments
on the other. Different policy decisions adopted by various countries / agencies govern
criteria to be used for assessing the economic viability of the projects.

Though the irrigation projects were earlier evaluated on the basis of rate of return criteria,
a need was however felt that irrigation project in an area should not only be viewed as
source of income to the Govt. but as a means for increased agricultural produce and
economic development of that area and in the process, of the country as a whole.

2. Evolution of Criteria for Economic Evaluation

2.1 Pre-Independence- Development of financial policy

Systematic irrigation development took place during British era. However, at that time
irrigation systems were considered as commercial ventures like any other infrastructure
projects. The feasibility of irrigation projects essentially evolved from the concept of
financial soundness of public investment. The beginning of financial policy can be traced to
the period of rapid expansion of irrigation towards the close of last century with the
acceptance of the proposal for construction of irrigation works through loan funds. The
Select Committee on Indian Public Works reporting to the House of Commons in 1879 said:

“ The financial results of works of irrigation are in the opinion of your committee, the best
test of their utility. A rail road may traverse between its termini certain districts which it
does not materially improve, yet the work may on the whole, be beneficial, to the country.
Unless, however, an irrigation work benefits the immediate locality in which it is placed, it
can be of no use to outside districts.”

The committee further observed that:

“the construction of new works from borrowed money for the future be limited to those
schemes alone which upon the responsibility of the Government are estimated to be
productive by yielding an annual income equal to the interest in the capital expended on
their construction including in such capital interest during construction.”

Page 40
 This recommendation of the Committee then formed the basis for selection of irrigation
projects.

First Indian Irrigation Commission (1901-1903) at the turn of the century also gave full
consideration to the financial aspects of irrigation works. The Commission in its report
made a brief mention of the selection criteria in vogue at that time which reads as

“An irrigation work is classed as productive and sanctioned against loan funds when it has
shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary of state that it is likely to fulfil the conditions of
productive public work, that is to yield a net revenue 10 years after completion, sufficient
to cover interest charges on the sum at charge at that date. By sum at charge is meant the
total direct and indirect capital cost plus the excess, if any, of interest charges to date over
the net revenue.”

2.2 Productivity rate:

The productivity of a scheme was judged with reference to the rate of return earned by it
on full development. The criterion for the sanction of irrigation projects was based on
financial results which were estimated as follows:

i) The capital cost of any work was taken as the sum actually spent on its
construction;
ii) The revenue on account of direct receipt and indirect receipt was
estimated;
iii) The revenue account was debited yearly with
(a) the simple interest on the capital cost of the works at the
commencement of the year; and
(b) The working expenses of the year.
iv) The revenue account was credited yearly with

(a) the direct receipts

(b) the indirect receipts.

The difference between (iv) and (iii) above for any year gives the profit or loss for
that year.

The acceptable value of ‘productivity rate’ was linked to prevailing Rate of interest and
thus varied from time to time. The productivity rate varied between 4 to 6 percent on
works sanctioned during the period 1919 to 1937. Government of India Act., was
introduced in 1935. After April, 1937, Government of India prescribed Rate of Return as 6
percent as acceptable limit for sanction of projects. However, recognising the importance
of irrigation to meet the food and fibre requirement of the public at large, most of the

Page 41
 Provinces reduced the productivity rate to 4 percent though the rate prescribed by the
Government of India continued to be higher at 6 percent. This inter-alia helped in taking
up more number of projects which otherwise would have failed to satisfy the prevailing
financial criterion.

Schemes were sanctioned only if they satisfied the test of financial viability defined in
terms of the rate of return. The financial viability test was rigidly applied to all irrigation
projects Earlier large irrigation schemes were mostly diversion works and were relatively
inexpensive. When new schemes were taken up, it was felt that the development of
irrigation was being held up by the rigid application of the financial criterion, namely 6
percent between 1921 and 1949. Noting that apart from direct irrigation revenues, other
benefits accrued to the Government in the shape of increased revenue from excise duties,
income tax, sales tax, transport etc., The Central Board of Irrigation thus passed a
resolution at its annual meeting held in 1936 stating that “as the expansion of irrigation is
seriously handicapped by the restricted view taken of the value of irrigation, an economic
survey should be carried out with a view to estimate the direct and indirect financial
benefits accruing to the Central and Local Governments from Irrigation Projects”. Even if
studies showed that the indirect benefits of irrigation projects were substantial, criteria
for selection of projects has to be acceptable value of rate of return. However, a view
was taken that if a project did not fulfil the financial criterion, but was still considered
necessary in the public interest, it could be sanctioned as a protective work.

Number of irrigation projects which failed to satisfy the financial criterion were accordingly
taken up as protective works.

2.3 Plan era

After independence there was a change in the approach to the irrigation projects and
these projects were viewed as investment in the development and social benefit where
profit was not the sole motive. Sanction criteria was thus relaxed so that large number of
projects could be taken up in order to meet the food and fibre requirements of ever
growing population.

Rate of return on the capital outlay for classifying a capital work as productive was
accordingly reduced to 3.75 percent. This rate continued upto the year 1954 and was
applied to all projects financed by the Central Government as also for determining
productivity of State irrigation works for which loans were obtained from the Centre.
Subsequently, the rate was raised to 4.5 per cent and this rate continued up to March,
1960.

3. B.C.Ratio:

Page 42
During First and Second Five Year Plans a large number of irrigation projects were taken
up. It was observed that these projects could not satisfy the prevailing criterion of direct
financial returns to the Government. However, it was felt that irrigation project in an area
should not only be viewed as source of income to the Govt. but as a means for increased
agricultural produce and economic development of that area and in the process, of the
country as a whole. A need was therefore, felt to have full understanding of the various
aspects of an irrigation project. Accordingly, in 1958, the Planning Commission initiated
studies of some of the major projects to assess the overall benefits of the irrigation
projects and to find a more appropriate criterion for deciding whether various irrigation
projects should be undertaken. These studies were carried out under the Committee of
Direction headed by Prof. D.R.Gadgil. These studies showed that large benefits accrued
from irrigation in terms of double cropping, diversification and better quality crops, higher
yields, larger income and greater opportunities of employment. Indirect benefits that
accrued were the establishment of processing industries, expansion of consumer
industries, retail trade, transport and communications. The Committee was of the view
that total benefits from irrigation were far larger that the direct financial returns accruing
to Government from water rates and betterment levy. The Committee, therefore,
recommended that in future the concept of benefit cost ratio should be used for assessing
the feasibility of new projects instead of the traditional criterion of the direct financial
return to the Government. During the cause of whole exercise, the Committee studied
the issue of direct i.e. primary benefits and primary cost and indirect i.e. secondary/
tertiary benefits and indirect cost separately. The committee was of the view that
whereas it may be easy to work out the direct benefit i.e. increase in agricultural produce
due to irrigation, it may not be so in case of indirect benefits. Secondary benefits are
complementary in nature and are linked to overall developments of the area and as such
it is difficult to quantify benefits exclusively attributable to irrigation. For simplicity,
therefore, it was considered that the indirect or secondary benefits and cost need not be
taken into account. The net annual benefit was to be worked out as the difference
between the monetary value of the net agricultural production (total value of produce-
cost of cultivation ) ‘before’ and ‘after’ the introduction of irrigation. The annual cost
should be taken to comprise the annual interest on capital, depreciation and expenditure
on maintenance and operation.

Gadgil Committee report was submitted in 1964 wherein it was recommended that the
economic benefit criterion should be adopted for sanctioning irrigation projects instead of
the financial criterion. The Government accepted this recommendations and benefit cost
ratio criterion has been adopted. Benefit-Cost Ratio criterion for judging the economic
soundness of irrigation projects is in practice till date.

Page 43
B.C. ratio is obtained by dividing the annual benefits by the annual cost. Net annual
benefit is estimated as the difference in the net value of agricultural produce “before” and
“after” irrigation. The annual cost in the denominator comprise (a) interest on capital cost
of the project at the rate of ten percent per annum (b) depreciation charges at the rate of
1 percent in case of projects having 100 years life say storage scheme and 2% in case life
of the project is considered as 50 years and (c) operation and maintenance expenses.
Irrigation projects with B.C. ratio greater than 1.5 are considered acceptable from
economic point of view. Benefit Cost ratio of 1.5 instead of 1.0 was suggested as a
prudent precaution against likely increase in cost of the project. Subsequently acceptable
value (B.C. ratio) was reduced to 1.0 for irrigation projects in drought prone areas. Further,
for following categories of projects, B. C. ratio for acceptability of the project will be 1.0
instead of 1.5.

(a) For major and medium irrigation projects in special category states i. e.North eastern
states, Sikkim, Uttranchal, Jammu & Kashmir and HimachalPradesh.

(b) Major and medium irrigation projects benefitting areas where 100% of the beneficiaries
belong to SC/ST category or 75% of the beneficiaries belong to ST category.

The methodology for computing B.C. ratio shown in the format enclosed at Annexure I.

ESTIMATION OF B.C. RATIO FOR IRRIGATION PROJECTS

► B.C. ratio is obtained by dividing the annual benefits by the annual cost.

► Estimation of Irrigation Benefits

The net annual benefit is worked out as the difference between the monetary value of the
net agricultural production (total value of produce- cost of cultivation) ‘after’ and
‘before’ the introduction of irrigation.

• Value of produce comprises of gross value of both farm produce and

byproducts.
• Cost of cultivation includes expenditure on seeds, manure/fertilizers,
pesticides, hired labour/equipments, depreciation, cash and share rent,
Government taxes/ levies etc.

Estimation of Benefits other than Irrigation

(i) Drinking / Industrial water supply

Page 44
If there is a specific reservation in storage of the reservoir, the proportionate cost of the
dam be allocated to drinking/industrial water supply & the cost be excluded from the cost
of the project for irrigation. Alternatively, the quantum of water supplied to the
municipalities /industries be charged at the rates fixed by the Government or agreed to
with the parties concerned & amount be considered as benefit.

iii) Pisciculture

The reservoir can be used for pisciculture. The output per ha of the reservoir area (average
of the area at FRL and MDDL can be considered) can be estimated & its value after
deducting the expenditure at the prevalent market rate is to be considered as a benefit
due to the project. In this case there is no specific water allocation for it and it is an
incidental benefit. However, if pisciculture is to be practiced in ponds fed by canals, water
requirement can be estimated and provided for. Benefit may be considered in the similar
way as from the reservoir.

iv) Animal husbandry

If any major farms are proposed in the project & water is to be supplied from the project,
the net income may be considered as benefit. Augmentation of income of the farmers as a
result of introduction of irrigation is difficult to estimate and need not be considered.

v) Hydro power

Generally, if power generation is proposed from the project, proportionate cost of the
common works is allocated to power sector & B.C. Ratio for irrigation is calculated with
remaining cost of the project.

vi) Catchment area treatment

This helps in restricting the soil erosion and augment water availability in the catchment
area. This results in improvement in productivity of land. Increased yield from direct
draining area may be estimated and included in the benefits. Its cost is already included in
the project cost. Presently, however, this benefit is not being reflected in the DPRs.

Page 45
vii) Canal bank plantation/reservoir territory afforestation

The benefits are easy to estimate and must be included in the benefits. Presently,
however, this benefit is not being reflected in the DPRs.

Note:- Yield/ha and the prices to be used for converting the benefits into monetary terms
shall be obtained from the State Department of Agriculture, Pisciculture & Forests. They
would also furnish the basis for recommending the yields/ha under pre and post project
conditions and prices to be used.

► The annual cost in the denominator comprise (a) interest on capital cost of the
project at the prevailing rate. Cost of the project include Cost of land development
(b) depreciation charges at the rate of 1 percent assuming 100 years as life of
project (c) maintenance of Head Works @ 1% of the cost (d) operation and
maintenance expenses

For lift schemes annual cost shall also include:

(i) Depreciation of the pumping system @ 8.33% of the estimated cost,

assuming life of the system as 12 years.
(ii) Depreciation of the raising mains @ 3.33 % of the estimated cost, assuming
life as 30 years.
(iii) Charges of the power.
ESTIMATION OF B.C. RATIO FOR FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECTS

B.C. ratio should be worked out on prescribed standard and annual loss
supported by documents from the revenue department of the State. Average
annual damage should be computed on the basis of at least last 10 years data. .
B.C., Ratio calculation for flood management component of the project is worked out
as under.

(i) Average annual damage computed on the basis of at least last 10 years
data.
(ii) Average annual damage anticipated after the execution of the project.
(iii) Saving in annual damage {Item (i) and item (ii)}. .
(iv) Annual cost of flood management component.
(a) 12% of allocate cost of dam
(b) 16% of allocated cost of embankment
(c) 17% allocated cost for anti-erosion schemes
(d) Total annual cost a+ b .+c).

B.C.Ratio = Item (iii)

Item (iv)

Page 46
4. Internal Rate of Return:
For World Bank aided project it is obligatory to work out Internal Rate of Return also beside
B.C. ratio. Calculation of IRR is undertaken to reflect the further cost involved in long gestation
that takes place during the construction. Cash flow diagram for a hypothetical irrigation
project is indicated below. Irrigation development over large area is a slow process and
projections of progress to assess flow of benefits and the stream of realisable benefits finds
place in the I.R.R. analysis. The IRR is calculated as per profroma enclosed at Annexure II.

Increasing
benefit as Annual Irrigation Benfits on full
irrigation development of command
extends to new
command

Annual operation and

maintenance cost

Large expenditure during period of

Large expenditure during period of
Initial project construction
Initial project construction

Cash Flow Diagram for Hypothetical Irrigation Project

Page 47
 Annexure I

B.C.Ratio (Rs. In Lacs)

PRE POST
PROJECT PROJECT

A GROSS RECEIPTS

1 GROSS VALUE OF FARM PRODUCE

2 DUNG RECIEPT(30% OF B6)

3 TOTAL (A) GROSS RECEIPTS

B EXPENSES

1 EXPENDITURE ON SEEDS

2 EXPENDITURE ON MANURE

3 EXPENDITURE ON FERTILISERS

4 EXPENDITURE ON PESTICIDES

5 EXPENDITURE ON HIRED LABOUR

6 FODDER EXPENSES (15% FOR PRE AND

10% FOR POST PROJECT OF A1)

7 DEPRECIATION (2.7% OF A1 )

8 SHARE AND CASH RENT(5% FOR PRE AND

3% FOR POST PROJECT OF A1)

9 LAND REVENUE (2% OF A1)

TOTAL (B) EXPENSES

Page 48
C NET VALUE OF FARM PRODUCE

1 TOTAL GROSS RECEIPTS

2 TOTAL EXPENSES

NET VALUE (1-2)

D ANNUAL BENEFITS

1 NET VALUE OF PRODUCE AFTER PROJECT

NET VALUE OF PRODUCE BEFORE

2 PROJECT

3 ANNUAL BENEFIT (1-2)

COST OF THE PROJECT

(a) CAPITAL COST (After apportionment)

(b) COST OF LAND DEVELOPMENT

@ Rs 2000/- per ha of CCA - ha

Total

E ANNUAL COST

1 INTEREST ON TOTAL COST

2 DEPRRICIATION OF THE PROJECT @ 1 %

OF THE CAPITAL COST

3 O & M CHARGES @ Rs 600/- PER HA ON ha

4 MAINTENANCE OF HEAD WORKS @ 1%

OF THE COST OF Head Works of lac Rs.

5 TOTAL ANNUAL COST

Page 49
 B. C. RATIO (D3/E5)

Estimated value of Produce and cost of inputs before Irrigation

Cost of inputs

Cost of inputs per hectare Total

Area cost in
S. No. Crops
( ha) Seed Manure Fertilisers Pesticides Labour Total lakh
Rs.

Kharif

Rabi

Total

Page 50
Estimated value of Produce before Irrigation

Total
Area Yield Rate Receipt Value
S.No. Crops
( ha) (Qtls./ha) Rs./Qtl. (lac Rs.) of
Produce
(lac Rs.)
Levy Market Levy Market

Kharif

Rabi

Total

Page 51
Estimated value of Produce and cost of inputs after Irrigation

Cost of inputs

Cost of inputs per hectare Total

Area cost in
S. No. Crops
( ha) Seed Manure Fertilisers Pesticides Labour Total lakh
Rs.

Kharif

Rabi

Total

Page 52
Estimated value of Produce after Irrigation

Rate Total
Receipt (lac Rs.)
Rs./Qtl. Value
Area Yield
S.No. Crops of
( ha) (Qtls./ha)
Levy Market Levy Market Produce
(lac Rs.)

Kharif

Rabi

Total

Page 53
Page 54
 Annexure II

Internal Rate of return

Project CCA Developed Discount Factor Net Present Benefit

Total Net Cash
Year Cost O&M
Cost Flow
Sl.No. (at the Incured Cost per Benefit
Area in (Col.3 + (Col.8-
end of) during %age ha
ha Col.6) Col.7) With A% With B% With A% With B%
the year rate rate rate rate
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10

Upto 50 (For Medium Projecs)

Upto 100(For Major Projecs)

I.R.R = Discount rate(A) = (Total of Col.12) X (Difference of rate of Col.11-Col.10)

Arithmetic sum of
Col.12 & Col13

Page 55
APPRAISAL OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS
BY PROCESS OF PROJECT APPRAISAL IN
CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION
CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION IS BASED ON PROJECT PROPOSAL
PREPARED

GUIDELINES FOR SUBMISSION,

APPRAISAL AND CLEARANCE OF
PRESENTED BY
IRRIGATION AND MULTIPURPOSE
PRAMOD NARAYAN PROJECTS 2010
Director, PA (South) DTE., CWC
+91-11-26100735, pns.cwc96@gmail.com
16th March 2015, HIRMI, KURUSHETRA

CATEGORISATION OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS

APPRAISAL IN CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION

MINOR PROJECTS – CULTURABLE COMMAND AREA
UPTO 2000 ha

MINOR PROJECTS – Appraised in Field Unit of CWC and

MEDIUM PROJECTS – CULTURABLE COMMAND AREA
accepted by TAC of concern State
MORE THAN 2000 ha
AND UPTO 10000 ha

MAJOR PROJECTS – CULTURABLE COMMAND AREA
MEDIUM PROJECTS – Appraised in Field Unit of CWC and
MORE THAN 10000 ha accepted by Advisory Committee of
MoWR

MAJOR PROJECTS – Appraised in CWC HQ & accepted

by Advisory Committee of MoWR

APPRAISAL OF PRELIMINARY REPORT

GUIDELINES OF APPRAISAL
 FOR APPRAISAL OF MAJOR & MULTIPURPOSE
PROJECTS, 8 SETS OF PRELIMINARY REPORT
IS SUBMITTED IN PAO, CWC HQ.
 AS PER 2010-GUIDELINES, APPRAISAL OF
IRRIGATION PROJECTS ARE CARRIED OUT IN
TWO STAGES.  FOR MEDIUM PROJECTS, REPORTS TO BE
SUBMITTED TO REGIONAL OFFICE OF CWC.
1. PRELIMINARY REPORT
2. DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR)  EIA REPORT, R&R PLAN AND BROAD COST
ESTIMATE ALSO NEED TO BE SUBMITTED TO
CONCERNED MINISTRIES / AGENCIES.

 APPLICATION FOR FOREST CLEARANCE, IF

ANY MAY ALSO BE SUBMITTED TO MOEF.

1
 APPRAISAL OF PRELIMINARY REPORT PRELIMINARY REPORT
 P.R. IS SCRUTINISED IN THE SPECIALISED Preliminary Report should contain the chapters on:
DIRECTORATES FOR ASSESSING SOUNDNESS OF
THE BASIC PLANNING OF PROJECT PROPOSAL. i. GENERAL
This chapter would include the general information on
 BASED ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE project location, category, topo sheet (SOI), seismic
zone, & complete address for correspondence.
SPECIALISED DIRECTORATES, P.R. IS CONSIDERED
BY SCREENING COMMITTEE UNDER PAO, CWC.
ii. GENERAL PLANNING
It includes master plan for overall development of river
 IF REPORT FOUND ACCEPTABLE, “IN PRINCIPLE” basin, priority for proposed scheme in MP, alternative
CONSENT OF CWC FOR DPR PREPARATION IS proposals with merits and demerits, the effect of the
scheme on the riparian rights and existing upstream and
COMMUNICATED TO PROJECT AUTHORITIES downstream projects, provision for drinking & industrial
WHICH HAVE A VALIDITY PERIOD OF THREE requirement.
YEARS.

PRELIMINARY REPORT CONTD/… PRELIMINARY REPORT CONTD/…

iii. INTER-STATE & INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS: iv. SURVEY & INVESTIGATIONS

Inter-state/international issues involved, if so, issues This chapter would include a BRIEF PLAN for detailed
indentfied with present status of agreement/tribunal topographical surveys in respect of river, reservoir, head
award with special focus on (i) sharing of water, (ii) works, plant site and colonies, canals, major canal
sharing of costs, (iii) sharing of benefits, (iv) structure, power house, tunnels, adits, penstocks,
acceptance of the submergence by the upstream command area for OFD and drainage works etc.
state(s), (v) acceptance by u/s state(s) of
compensation of land coming under submergence, (vi) Geological investigation for reservoir, head works, major
settlement of oustees and any other issue if so. canal structures, regulators, tunnels, power house etc.,
seismic investigation, foundation investigation and
If there is no agreement between the states, the construction material survey for the project should also
present position in this regard. Typical example is be discussed in brief.
the Jamrani multipurpose project, UK.

PRELIMINARY REPORT CONTD/... PRELIMINARY REPORT CONTD/…

vi. IRRIGATION PLANNING

v. HYDROLOGY This chapter would include details about cropping
This chapter would include Index map showing locations pattern, crop water requirement, working table,
success rate, conjunctive Use of surface & ground
of various hydrometric, climatic and rainfall stations, data water etc.
availability, a brief note about consistency, processing
vii. PLANNING FOR OTHER INTENDED BENEFITS
and gap filling of the data, AVAILABILITY OF WATER,
This chapter would include a brief of other benefits like
Design flood including flood routing studies, flood control and drainage, power, drinking water
backwater studies for inter-state submergence etc.
assessment, Sedimentation studies etc. vii. ENVIRONMENTAL & ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS
A brief about the location of project w.r.t. eco-sensitive
zones, reserved wild life sanctuary & other critical
environmental aspects

2
 Submission of Preliminarily report by State APPRAISAL OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR )
Government giving details and check list for
assessment of basic techno-economic planning

• 12 SETS OF DPR TO BE SUBMITTED IN PAO, CWC.

Report is submitted and examine in CWC

• IN RESPECT OF THE STATES WHERE CDO DOS NOT EXIST,

Assessment of basic techno-economic Planning DPR/PROFORMA REPORT EXAMINED IN DETAIL
is found proper and sound

• DPR TO BE PREPARED AS “GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION

OF DPR OF IRRIGATION & MULTIPURPOSE PROJECTS,
MoWR, 2010”
Yes No

• DPR MUST HAVE CHECK LIST, SALIENT FEATURES, ALL

In-principle consent is given. Observation / comments are RELEVANT DETAILS, MAPS, ANNEXURES ETC.
Project authorities are asked to communicated to project
PREPARE DPR, obtain clearance for authorities to collect additional
environment impact, forest, R&R data/information.
Plan & submit DPR.

APPRAISAL OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR )

EXISTING APPRAISAL TIMELINES
 IN RESPECT OF THE STATES WHERE CDO EXIST, A
CERTIFICATE BY STATE TO BE APPENDED TO THAT EFFECT
FOR THEIR COMPETENCY IN DESIGN.

 IN SUCH CASE, ONLY 8 SETS OF DPR OF MAJOR PROJECTS 1. PRELIMINARY REPORT 18 weeks
ARE SUBMITTED:
INTER-STATE ASPECT,
2. DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
BASIC PLANNING (GENERAL LAYOUT & DESIGN
FEAURES)
HYDROLOGY, 2(a)
FOR THE STATES, WHERE CENTRAL DESIGN
12 months
COST ESTIMATE AND ORGANISATIONS (CDO) DO NOT EXIST

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (BC RATIO)

2(b) FOR STATES, WHERE CDO EXIST 6 months

APPRAISAL OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR ) APPRAISAL OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR )

SL. NO. TECHNICAL ASPECT AGENCY SL. NO. TECHNICAL ASPECT AGENCY

1. INTER-STATE ASPECTS CWC

11. FLOOD CONTROL CWC

2. HYDROLOGY CWC
DAM SAFETY ISSUES INCLUDING SEISMIC DESIGN
12. CWC
CROPPING PATTERN, YIELD & OTHER AGRICULTURAL PARAMETERS
3. Min. of Agriculture
INPUTS
13. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY AND METHODOLOGY CWC
4. IRRIGATION PLANNING CWC

5. CONJUNCTIVE USE OF SURFACE & GROUND WATER CGWB 14. COST APPRAISAL CWC

6. SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS CWC & GSI CWC & ADVISOR

15. ECONOMIC EVALUATION
COSTS M/O FINANCE

7. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS CSMRS MOWR RELEVANT

16. INTERNATIONAL ISSUES
SMD
CIVIL DESIGNS OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
8. (DAM/BARRAGE, WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM, POWER CWC POWER POTENTIAL & ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
17. CEA
HOUSE ETC.) ASPECTS

9. DESIGN OF HYDRO-MECHANICAL WORKS CWC

10. DESIGN OF CANAL AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CWC

3
 APPRAISAL OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR ) TIME FRAME FOR EXAMINATION OF
PRELIMINARY REPORTS

SL. CIRCULATION OF PRELIMINARY REPORT IN THE

NO. STATUTORY CLEARANCE AGENCY RESPONSIBILITY
SPECIALIZED DIRECTORATES OF CWC FOR EXAMINATION.
(1 WEEK)
1. FOREST MOEF/STATE PROJECT AUTHORITIES

2. ENVIRONMENT, EMP & R &R MOEF/STATE PROJECT AUTHORITIES EXAMINATION IN CWC AND TRANSMISSION OF FIRST SET OF
MIN. OF TRIBAL
COMMENTS TO STATE.
3. TRIBAL R&R PROJECT AUTHORITIES (4 WEEKS)
AFFAIRS, GOI

SUBMISSION OF STATE’S REPLIES INCLUDING FURTHER

STATE FINANCE STATE FINANCE STUDIES AND INVESTIGATION ETC TO CWC.
** PROJECT AUTHORITIES
CONCURRENCE DEPTT. (4 WEEKS)

Sub-Total = 9 weeks

TIME LINES FOR EXAMINATION OF FLOW CHART FOR EXAMINATION OF

PROJECT REPORT (WITHOUT CDO)
PRELIMINARY REPORTS
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF DPR AND CIRCULATION IN
SPECIALIZED DIRECTORATES OF CWC / OTHER CENTRAL
EXAMINATION OF STATE’S REPLIES AND DISCUSSION WITH AGENCIES. (2 WEEKS)
THE PROJECT ENGINEERS (IF REQUIRED) FOR FINALIZATION OF
PROJECT PROPOSALS EXAMINATION IN THE SPECIALIZED DIRECTORATES OF CWC/ AND
(6 WEEKS) TRANSMISSION OF FIRST SET OF COMMENTS. (8 WEEKS)

PREPARATION OF NOTE BY THE APPRAISAL DIRECTORATE SUBMISSION OF REPLIES BY THE PROJECT AUTHORITIES TO THE
FOR THE SCREENING COMMITTEE OF CWC FOR CONVEYING IN- COMMENTS RAISED BY THE APPRAISAL DIRECTORATES OF CWC/
PRINCIPLE CONSENT FOR PREPARATION OF DPR OR OTHER CENTRAL AGENCIES. (8 WEEKS)
OTHERWISE.
(3 WEEKS)
SUB-TOTAL = 9 WEEKS EXAMINATION OF REPLIES BY THE APPRAISAL DIRECTORATES OF
CWC/ OTHER CENTRAL AGENCIES. (6 WEEKS)
GRAND TOTAL = 18 WEEKS
SUB-TOTAL = 24 WEEKS

FLOW CHART FOR EXAMINATION OF FLOW CHART FOR EXAMINATION OF

PROJECT REPORT (WITHOUT CDO) PROJECT REPORT (WITH CDO)
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF DPR AND CIRCULATION IN
IF REPLIES ARE NOT FOUND SATISFACTORY, TRANSMISSION OF SPECIALIZED DIRECTORATES OF CWC / OTHER CENTRAL
SECOND SET OF COMMENTS. (2 WEEKS) AGENCIES. (1 WEEK)

EXAMINATION IN THE SPECIALIZED DIRECTORATES OF CWC/ AND

SUBMISSION OF REPLIES BY THE PROJECT AUTHORITIES TO
TRANSMISSION OF FIRST SET OF COMMENTS. (4 WEEKS)
SECOND SET OF COMMENTS. (8 WEEKS)

EXAMINATION OF STATE’S FINAL REPLIES AND DISCUSSION WITH SUBMISSION OF REPLIES BY THE PROJECT AUTHORITIES TO THE
THE PROJECT ENGINEERS. (12 WEEKS) COMMENTS RAISED BY THE APPRAISAL DIRECTORATES OF CWC/
OTHER CENTRAL AGENCIES. (4 WEEKS)
PREPARATION OF NOTE BY THE APPRAISAL DIRECTORATES FOR
THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF MOWR (6 WEEKS) EXAMINATION OF REPLIES BY THE APPRAISAL DIRECTORATES OF
CWC/ OTHER CENTRAL AGENCIES. (3 WEEKS)
SUB-TOTAL = 28 WEEKS
GRAND TOTAL = 52 WEEKS (MAXIMUM) SUB-TOTAL = 12 WEEKS

4
 FLOW CHART FOR EXAMINATION OF
APPRAISAL OF MEDIUM PROJECT
PROJECT REPORT (WITH CDO)

IF REPLIES ARE NOT FOUND SATISFACTORY, TRANSMISSION OF  MEDIUM PROJECTS ARE EXAMINED BROADLY ON THE BASIS
OF PROFORMA REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE STATE
SECOND SET OF COMMENTS. (1 WEEKS)
GOVERNMENT IN FIELD UNITS OF CWC.

SUBMISSION OF REPLIES BY THE PROJECT AUTHORITIES TO  BROAD EXAMINATION COVERS THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS:
SECOND SET OF COMMENTS. (4 WEEKS)
- HYDROLOGY
- IRRIGATION PLANNING
EXAMINATION OF STATE’S FINAL REPLIES AND DISCUSSION WITH - INTERNATIONAL/INTER-STATE ISSUES
THE PROJECT ENGINEERS. (6 WEEKS) - BASIC DESIGN LAYOUT & SALIENT FEATURES
- DIVERSION OF FOREST LAND
PREPARATION OF NOTE BY THE APPRAISAL DIRECTORATES FOR - BROAD ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS
THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF MOWR (3 WEEKS) - REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT PLAN
- COST ESTIMATE
SUB-TOTAL = 14 WEEKS
- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
GRAND TOTAL = 26 WEEKS (MAXIMUM)

APPRAISAL OF MEDIUM PROJECT APPRAISAL OF REVISED SCHEMES

• NECESSARY GUIDANCE/ASSISTANCE IS PROVIDED BY
PAO, CWC TO FIELD UNITS IN CONNECTION WITH THE  REVISED COST ESTIMATE (RCE) ARE SUBMITTED TO CWC FOR
APPRAISAL OF MEDIUM PROJECT. EXAMINATION IN CASE OF PROJECTS WHICH HAVE BEEN
APPROVED BY THE PLANNING COMMISSION AND
• NOTE FOR CONSIDERATTION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEE
ARE PREPARED IN FIELD UNITS AND SUBMITTED TO • WHERE THE COST OF THE PROJECT HAS INCREASED BY
PAO, CWC FOR APPROVAL OF MEMBER WP&P, CWC.
MORE THAN 15% OF THE ORIGINAL ESTIMATES, EXCLUDING
PRICE-ESCALATION,
• DECISION ON TECHNO-ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF
PROJECT IS TAKEN IN THE MEETING OF ADVISORY
COMMITTEE. • OR WHERE THERE IS CHANGE IN SCOPE I.E. CHANGE IN
PROJECTS PARAMETERS RESULTING IN CHANGE IN NATURE
• ON ACCEPTANCE BY THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE, THE AND BENEFITS SUCH AS CCA, INSTALLED CAPACITY,
PROJECT PROPOSAL IS RECOMMENDED FOR ENERGY GENERATION ETC.
INVESTMENT CLEARANCE BY PLANNING COMMISSION.

APPRAISAL OF REVISED SCHEMES APPRAISAL OF REVISED SCHEMES

• THE RCE MUST BE EXAMINED BY STATE STANDING COMMITTEE

• IF REQUIRED, CWC WILL CARRY OUT A SITE INSPECTION OF THE
BEFORE SUBMISSION TO CWC.
PROJECT BEFORE ISSUE OF NO OBJECTION CERTIFICATE.
• THE ESTIMATES SHOULD BE SUBMITTED TO CWC
INCORPORATING THE ACTION TAKEN REPORT ON THE
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STATE STANDING COMMITTEE. • IF THE COSTS EXCLUDING PRICE ESCALATION HAVE NOT
CHANGED BY MORE THAN 15% AND WHERE THERE IS NO
• THE REVISED ESTIMATES FOR MEDIUM PROJECTS WITHOUT
CHANGE IN THE SCOPE, REVISED ESTIMATES ARE NOT
CHANGE IN SCOPE CAN BE APPROVED BY STATE UNDER
REQUIRED TO BE FORWARD IN DETAIL TO CWC EXAMINATION.
INTIMATION TO CWC, MOWR AND PLANNING COMMISSION.
• IN THIS REGARD, STATE GOVERNMENT WILL HAVE TO FIRST
SATISFY THE CWC THAT THERE IS NO CHANGE IN THE SCOPE
OF THE PROJECT AND OBTAIN CLEARANCE FOR THIS BEFORE
APPROVING REVISED COST.

5
 APPRAISAL OF REVISED SCHEMES APPRAISAL OF REVISED SCHEMES
 FOR SUCH PROJECTS/ESTIMATES THE STATE GOVT. SHOULD
• WHEN RCE IS PREPARED DURING CONSTRUCTION, THE
SEND PROJECT-WISE STATEMENT TO CWC HAVING: QUANTITIES OF ITEMS COMPLETED SHOULD BE INDICATED
• ABSTRACT OF COSTS SHOWING EXCESS COSTS UNDER SEPARATELY AND THE COST THEREOF ASSESSED ON THE
MAJOR SUB-HEADS OVER THE SANCTIONED COSTS, BASIS OF ACTUAL EXPENDITURE.
• REASONS THEREOF AND
• CONCURRENCE OF THE STATE FINANCE DEPARTMENT. • ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE CONTRACT FOR THE
COMPLETED WORK AND AFFECTING THE COST SHOULD
ALSO BE CONSIDERED IN THE ESTIMATE.
 THE CWC WILL EXAMINE SUCH ESTIMATES BROADLY AND
SEND ITS VIEWS TO THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR • FOR WORKS IN PROGRESS, THE ESTIMATES SHOULD BE
CONSIDERATION, BASED ON CONTRACT RATES.

 TIME FOR APPRAISAL AS WELL AS RESPONSE TIME OF STATE • CLAUSE FOR COST ESCALATION IN THE CONTRACT
GOVERNMENT SHALL BE SAME. DOCUMENT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AND INCLUDED IN THE
ESTIMATE.

APPRAISAL OF REVISED SCHEMES ECONOMIC CRITERIA

• FOR WORKS, NOT COVERED IN ANY CONTRACT, PREVAILING

LOCAL RATES MAY BE TAKEN AS PER SCHEDULE OF RATES. • ACCEPTABLE B.C. RATIO FOR IRRIGATION & MULTIPURPOSE
PROJECTS IS:
• FOR REMAINING ITEMS, RATES MAY BE ADOPTED ON THE
BASIS OF ANALYSIS OF RATES, PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE  1.5. & ABOVE IN GENERAL AND
WITH THE GUIDELINES ISSUED BY CWC.
 1.0 & ABOVE IN CASE OF DROUGHT PRONE AREAS AND
• IN CASE OF ANY DOUBT, A CERTIFICATE FROM THE STATE/ SPECIAL CATEGORY STATES.
PROJECT CHIEF ENGINEER, DULY JUSTIFYING REASONABILITY
OF THE RATE, SHALL GENERALLY BE TAKEN AS FINAL AND
ACCEPTABLE.

PRELIMINARY STAGE
TYPICAL BAR CHART SHOWING DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT BY
PROJECT AUTHORITIES

PROPOSED FURTHER NEW MONTHS 1 2 3 4 5 6

DRAFT APPRAISAL GUIDELINES 1. PRELIMINAREY (FEASIBILITY) REPORT

TO REDUCE DELAY Assessment of Water Availability

Desktop studies on command

Inter-State Aspects

6
 PRE-DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
BAR CHART SHOWING DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT BY PROJECT PRE-DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
AUTHORITIES FOR PREPARATION OF DPR BAR CHART SHOWING DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT BY PROJECT
AUTHORITIES FOR PREPARATION OF DPR
1. NOC FROM STATE FOREST DEPARTMENT
2. HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES
(a) Setting up Gauge & Discahrge site
(b) Hydrological Data Collection
8. CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL INVESTIGATIONS
(c) Design flood estimation in consultation with CWC
(d) Sedimentation Studies in consultatioin with CWC (a) Construction material survey & Investigations- Phase-I
(e) Finalisation & Submission of Hydrological Chapter
3. SURVEY & INVESTIGATIONS (b) Construction material Testing & Rock Testing - Phase-I
(a) Topographic survey & surface mapping in consultation with CWC & GSI
(c) Construction material survey & Investigations- Phase-II
(b) Discussion with CWC, CSMRS & GSI for investigation. Desk Studies &
identification of Alternatives
(d) Construction material Testing & Rock Testing - Phase-II
(c) Complete survey, Geophysical investigation, Drilling, Drifting etc., Phase-I
(d) Collection of land use data from revenue dept. etc. & compilation of
existing irrigation data in the command (e) Submission of Material Testing Reports
(e) Command area survey
` 9. FINALISATION OF DPR
(f) Discussion with CWC, CSMRS & GSI to finalize Investigations.
(g) Final Investigation Phase-II OBTAINING STATUTORY CLEARNCES BY PROJECT
10.
(h) Submission of survey Reports AUTHORITIES
4. ASSESSMENT OF ANNUAL REPLISHABLE GW & CLEARNCE BY CGWB (a) Environment & Forest, MoEF
5. IRRIGATION PLANNING
(a) soil survey
(b)Tribal Affairs, MoTA
(b) Finalisation of proposed cropping pattern in consultation with MoA
(d ) Crop Water Planning in consultation with CWC
(e) Simulation studies in consultation with CWC
(f) Finalisation & submission of Irrigation Planning Chapter
SUBMISSION OF LAYOUT, FINAL ALIGNMENTS UPTO DISTRIBUTARY
6.
LEVEL & BROAD SALIENT FEATURES
7. SEISMICITY AND FIELD INVESTIGATIONS REPORT SUBMISSION
Submission of Report/Proposal for Site specific Seismic design Parameters
in case of large dam

POST DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

ACTIVITIES TYPICAL BAR CHART SHOWING DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES TO BE
CARRIED OUT BY CWC/ CEA/ MoWR/ GSI & CSMRS

POST DETAILED PROJECT REPORT ACTIVITIES

TYPICAL BAR CHART SHOWING DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT BY CWC/ CEA/ MoWR/ GSI & CSMRS
MONTHS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
1. HYDROLOGY CLEARENCE BY CWC
2. IRRIGATION PLANNING CLEARANCE
3. GEOLOGY CLEARANCE BY GSI
4. CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL CLEARANCE BY CSMRS
FINALIZATION LAYOUT AND BROAD SALIENT
5.
FEATURES
6. SEISMICITY AND FIELD INVESTIGATIONS CLEARANCE
7. FINALISATION OF DESIGNS
8. FINALISATION OF COST
9. FINALISATION OF B.C. RATIO
10. MOWR CLEARNCVE FROM INTERNATIONAL ANGLE

FURTHER INITIATIVES

1. COMMUNICATION OF OBSERVATIONS OF CWC AND

COMPLIANCES BY THE STATE GOVERNMENT THROUGH
E-MAIL/FAX
2. WEB-ENABLED SYSTEM IS UNDER DEVELOPMENT FOR
COMMUNICATION OF OBSERVATIONS OF CWC AND
COMPLIANCES BY THE STATE GOVERNMENT THROUGH
WEB-SITE OF CWC NAMELY “PROJECT APPRAISAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”.
3. THE SYSTEM WOULD ALSO TRACK THE TIME IN MAKING
THE COMMENTS AND COMPLIANCES.
4. THE SPECIALIZED DIRECTORATES HAVE BEEN ADVISED
TO ISSUE THEIR COMMENTS DIRECTLY TO THE PROJECT
AUTHORITIES (PAS) WITH A COPY TO PAO TO MINIMIZE
TIME OF COMMUNICATION & VICE-VERSA.

7
 FURTHER INITIATIVES

• FOLLOW-UP MEETINGS/DISCUSSIONS ARE CONDUCTED

BOTH WITH THE SPECIALIZED DIRECTORATES AND THE
PROJECT AUTHORITIES. Preparation of Flood Control
• REGULAR PRESENTATIONS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF
Schemes
APPRAISAL FOR RESOLVING COMPLEX ISSUES.

Flood Control Schemes Guidelines for Submission

1. Guidelines for submission  Categories of FM Schemes

• Schemes costing up to Rs. 12.50 crore

2. Appraisal and Clearance (Minor Schemes)
• Schemes costing between Rs. 12.50 crore and Rs.
25.00 crore. (Medium Scheme)
3. Guidelines for Preparation of DPR
• Schemes costing more than Rs. 25.00 crore.
(Major Schemes)
4. Flood Management Programme (Schemes under categories 1 &2 –Project Report and under Categories
3 -DPRs required)

A –Schemes Costing up to 12.50 crore

Difference between Project Report and Detailed • Can be sanctioned by the State Government on recommendation
Project Report of state TAC for inclusion.

Various alternatives measures and selection of best • Schemes in the opinion of any member of state TAC have
alternatives interstate implications should be got examined & cleared by
CWC(other than Ganga basin) and GFCC(Ganga Basin), in case
Model study , if required international matters-MOWR
Soil testing, detailed investigation
• No State TAC is necessary for-R/S of existing embankments,
Year wise river Bank erosion lines Investigation of flood control, drainage etc, Raising of villages,
Report of CEs and SEs Retired lines of existing embankments.

• No need to send schemes to planning commission-A list of

schemes sanctioned by state govt as per statement A should be
sent to CWC/GFCC/MOWR and Planning commission

8
 Interstate issues (Embankments)-

• Schemes which lie in or extend to a limit of 8 km

from border on an interstate river which does not
flow down to any other state but whose effect may
extend in upper state

• schemes which are on river or tributaries which flow

down to another state.

International implications: B –Schemes Costing more than Rs.12.5 Cr and not

• Embankments schemes on indus river system. exceeding Rs. 25.00 Cr
• Embankments schemes in certain estuaries creeks
• Prepared by Flood control Deptt. And processed
affecting the adjoining estuaries in another country.
through State TAC submitted to CWC/GFCC in
• Embankments schemes on rivers or tributaries which
Statement B. All schemes will be examined by
fall into parent rivers such as Ganga and CWC/GFCC and on Recommendation of CWC/GFCC
Brahamputra flowing ultimately into another country. inclusion of schemes in plan will be processed by
Planning Commission.
Embankments schemes free from international
implications need not be referred to MOWR • Schemes with international implications –State govt
• R/S of existing embankments. will obtain specific clearance from MOWR before they
• Drainage scheme- excavation of new drains-provision are recommended by CWC/GFCC for approval of PC.
of sluices.
• Channel improvement schemes away from boarder
• River training/anti erosion sufficiently away from
border.

C –Schemes Costing more than Rs. 25.00 Cr

• The detailed project report have to be prepared by State flood

control departments and processed by state TAC then to
CWC/GFCC for detailed examination with copy to Planning
commission and MOWR(if required).

• Detailed Examination in specialized directorate of CWC.

• If found viable CWC/GFCC will process the scheme for Advisory

committee and after acceptance of advisory committee may be
considered for investment approval of Planning Commission.

 For scheme more than 30 Cr approval of State Flood Control

Board is necessary.

9
 Guidelines for Submission contd.. Appraisal and Clearance
 Modification and Revision of Schemes
 Schemes costing more than 25 Cr
 If Scope of scheme involving interstate/international aspects
required to be modified (A) State Level Appraisal

• increase cost more than 10% but revised cost<25.00 Cr – • Planning and design organisation of flood control department
modification should be intimated to CWC/GFCC and PL and shall ensure:
MOWR for review and clearance/approval as required. • The report is required to be in accordance with guidelines of
• If revised cost more than 25 Cr –Same procedure as adopted for preparation of DPR and hydrographic survey of affected river
scheme more than 25 cr for consideration of Advisory reach extending upstream and downstream as per requirement
committee. and hydraulic model studies and geo morphological studies of
 Scheme involving a change in estimated cost only- area conducted and specific notes included.
• Revised cost of scheme is 25 cr or less-irrespective of • The basic planning & flood routing studies relating to design
percentage of increase in cost , only increase in cost and main flood have to be carried out-for this state department shall have
reasons need be intimated also get the aspect of basic planning and design flood calculation
• Revised cost more than 25 cr –Same procedure as adopted for etc vetted by CWC before preparation of DPR.
scheme more than 25 cr for consideration of Advisory • The views of State agriculture, Planning, Revenue, Environment,
committee. forest, Ground Water, tribal welfare and Roads Department and
 No work would be undertaken by the state government unless the Railways have been taken, considered and incorporated in DPR.
scheme are approved in accordance with procedure laid down..

Appraisal and Clearance contd… Appraisal and Clearance contd…

 Schemes costing more than 25 Cr
 Schemes costing more than 25 Cr
(A) State Level Appraisal
(B) Appraisal at Center
• DPR prepared by the field units shall be submitted to Central
design and Planning Organisation for technical examination and • DPR shall be distributed to relevant directorates for technical
scrutiny in its specialized units and DPR may be /economical examination.
amended/modified and cost estimate may be finalised • Time Schedule for Scrutiny-12.5 cr to 25 cr-6 months, >25 Cr-9
accordingly. Months
• Issues remained unsettled even after 9 months- the project shall
• The concurrence of state planning and finance department shall be returned to the state government for carrying out necessary
be obtained for final estimate after scrutiny by CDO modifications- after issues are settled and the project is
resubmitted with updates cost estimates, such projects will be
reprocessed a fresh by CWC
• The project shall be discussed from techno economic aspects
and recommended by state advisory committee and then
approved by the state flood control Board(>30 cr)

• The suufficent nos(atleast 10-12 nos)of DPR may be submitted

to CE(FM)if purely flood control and CE(PAO) if multipurpose.

Appraisal and Clearance contd… Guidelines for Preparation of DPR

 Schemes costing more than 25 Cr Works in DPRs of Flood management schemes
(C) Consideration by Advisory committee of MOWR

• The state Engineers at level of CE/SE associated with Project

• FLOOD PROTECTION WORKS– Construction
formulation/design will be invited to attend the advisory ,Raising and Strengthening of Embankment
committee to furnish clarifications/information sought by
members of Advisory Committee. • ANTI-EROSION WORKS -Revetment/Pitching,
• The Advisory committee shall consider the scheme and
recommend to PC for investment clearance if found acceptable.
Spurs, RCC Porcupines
 Schemes Costing more than 12.5 cr but less than 25 cr
• DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENT WORKS- Sluice
(A)State Level Appraisal
-Same as in 25 cr • CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT WORKS –Pilot
(B) Appraisal at Center Channel
-Same as in 25 Cr except that CWC will submit the note on
scheme along with statement B except s.no 5 and 11 directly to
PC after detailed examination

10
Information /chapters to be included in DPRs
Details of Head and Sub Head
 Reports of CE & SE which includes inspection details
 Detailed report of EE
Direct Charges
• Introduction
• Flood problem I – Works
• Various possible alternative measures and selection of best suited II-Establishment
measures III- T&P
• Model study , if needed
IV-Suspense
• Investigations
• Hydrology-frequency analysis V- Receipt and Recovery
• Design
• BC ratio estimation Indirect Charges
• Inter state/international issues
• State TAC/SFCB clearance –MoM of the State TAC/SFCB to be a) capitalized value of abatement of land revenue
enclosed b) Audit and Account charges
• Time of schedule
• Forest clearance
Total Estimated cost= Direct Charges+ Indirect Charges
• Cost estimate
• Index map
• Compass map showing the various proposed work in different color,
benefited area , year wise erosion lines ,

I-Works Relevant BIS code/Manuals/Handbooks

Embankment scheme
A- Preliminary  IS-12094 :2000- Design
B- Land  IS-11532:1995- Borrow pit
 Embankment Manual(CWC-1960)
C-Works
Anti Erosion Works
K-Building
 IS-8408:1994-Spurs/Groynes
M- Plantation
 IS-14262:1995- Revetments
O- Misc.
Drainage Improvement Works
P- maintenance  IS-8835:1978- Design
Q- Spl. T&P  Handbook for FP, AE & RTW (CWC-2012)
X- Env. and Ecology  River Behavior Management & Training Vol I (CBIP-1989)

Y- Losses on stock

11
 03/07/2015 Fri

APPRAISAL PROCEDURE & Flood Management Programme (FMP)

GUIDELINES FOR FLOOD
• FMP was launched by the union Government to
MANAGEMENT SCHEMES provide central assistance to the states for
implementation of FM schemes including anti
sea erosion during XI Plan (2007
2007--12
12))
• Continued during XII Plan (20122012--17
17)) with an
outlay of Rs.
Rs. 10000 Crore
Crore..
• Funding pattern in XII plan
PRAMOD NARAYAN – Non spl.
spl. Category states - Cost more than Rs
DIRECTOR, PROJECT APPRAISAL DTE, CWC
+91-11-26100735, pns.cwc96@gmail.com
40 Crore, BC Ratio >1, Funding Ratio – 50:
50:50
16th March 2015, HIRMI, KURUSHETRA
– Spl.
Spl. Category states - Cost more than Rs Rs.. 10
Crore, BC Ratio -> 1, Funding Ratio - 70
70::30

Scope of Funding
Contd./
Contd./--
• Funding pattern for restoration of schemes & Provision for funding of following categories of
catchment area treatment for all the states - critical flood control, river management and anti-
anti-
90::10 in XI Plan
90 sea erosion works in the country
• River management;
management;
• Now in XII Plan – Central Assistance in these • Flood control;
control;
case would be provided as applicable to • Anti
Anti--erosion works;
works;
respective category of States • Drainage development works;
works;
• Flood proofing works;
works;
• Spillover works of XI Plan will be funded as per • Flood prone area development programme in critical regions;
regions;
earlier formula of funding • Restoration of flood control/management works damaged due to
• Anti--sea erosion works will also covered under
Anti force majeure like conditions(excluding covered under CRF/NCCF);
CRF/NCCF);
• Anti
Anti--sea erosion works;
works; and
FMP
• Catchment area treatment works (promotional in nature on selective
• Central Assistance for Flood Management basis with high runoff rate/convergence with similar other works)
works)..
Scheme taken up in Integrated Manner

Eligibility Criteria for new Schemes Other Important Conditions

• The release of Central Assistance will be made only
• For Special Category States
States:: Estimated Cost Rs
Rs.. 10 after release of corresponding State Share Share.. A
crore and above with B.C. Ratio more than 1.0 certificate to this effect will have to be given by the
(States:
(States: NE States, Sikkim, J&K, HP and UK) Principal Secretary.
Secretary.
• For General / Non Non--Special Category States:
States: • The State Governments shall ensure that the works
Estimated Cost RsRs.. 40 crore and above with B.C. are executed in a well planned manner and completed
Ratio >1.0 within the scheduled completion period.
period.
• State Govt.
Govt. shall ensure inclusion of the scheme in • Progress shall be monitored through CPM/PERT
the State Plan, make requisite budget provision Charts
Charts;; which shall be submitted within three months
towards Central as well as State share on annual of release of first installment of central assistance.
assistance.
basis.
basis. • In cases where project completion is delayed due to
• State Governments which adopt Flood Plain Zoning force majeure , extension may be considered by IMC IMC--
Bill would be given priority over the other States
States.. FMP on merits on the basis of justification by State,
• Recommendation of CWC (GFCC for Ganga Basin) views of appraisal agency and revised investment
for inclusion is mandatory for schemes
schemes.. approval by Planning Commission.
Commission.

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Process for funding under FMP INTRODUCTION

After Investment clearance by the PC , Proforma
Flood Management - A State Subject
(FMP-
(FMP-I) has to be filled up by the state GovtGovt..
duly signed by the Secretary of the WR Dept
Dept.. for
consideration by the IMC
IMC--FMP

Planning, Investigation & Execution -
State Government/Brahmaputra B.

After approval of the IMC
IMC--FMP , proforma (FMP
(FMP--
IV) along with necessary certificates are to be
submitted to MoWR for release of Ist installment
Appraisal of Schemes – CWC/GFCC

Investment Clearance – Planning

Commission

Flood Management Scheme Different types of works in DPRs

Integral part of overall Water Resource
Development
Flood Protection Works – Construction of new

Comprehensive Approach to the Problem of Embankment, Raising & Strengthening of
Flood in the area Embankment, Guide Bunds, Protection Wall

Proposal should aim at the Socio-
Socio-Economic
Development
Anti
Anti--erosion Works – Revetment/Pitching,

Should include Land Management, Ecological Launching Apron, Spurs, Porcupines
& Afforestation aspects, Soil Conservation,
Watershed Management

Channel Improvement Works – Pilot Channel

Schemes should be formulated in coordination
with Railways, NHAI, State Irrigation
Department
Drainage Improvement Works – Sluices

Categories of FM Schemes
General Format of a DPR

MINOR SCHEMES – Costing less than Rs.
Index
12.5 Crore
Checklist

Report of Chief Engineer/Superintending

MEDIUM SCHEMES – Costing between Engineer/Executive Engineer
Rs.12.5 Crore to Rs. 25 Crore

Hydrology

MAJOR SCHEMES – Costing more than
Design
Rs. 25.00 Crore
Abstract of Cost Estimate

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 03/07/2015 Fri

Report of Chief Engineer/Superintending

General Format of a DPR Engineer/Executive Engineer

Calculation of quantities • The report of CE and SE

SE:: Brief about the
area, location, problem, earlier measures

Rate Analysis and Schedule of Rate proposed measures and salient features

B. C. Ratio • The Report of EE EE:: Details description of

Annual Benefits the above the DPR
DPR..

Various Certificates • Salient features:
features: Proposed Measures,

Drawings Benefitted area/population, Design
features of proposed work, Cost, B. C.
Ratio etc

Schemes free from Inter State

Inter State Issues Issues

Embankment Schemes
R/S of existing embankment
Such schemes which lies in or extend
Retired lines for existing embankment
to a limit of 8 km from the border on
Investigation of FM schemes including
an interstate river which does not flow anti-
anti-sea-
sea-erosion
down to any other state but whose

Raising of villages
effect may extend in the upper state

A/E , river training schemes sufficiently
Schemes which are on rivers or away from states border
tributaries which flow down to another
state
Any scheme which does not have inter
state ramification can be sanction by the
state Govt
Govt.. itself of any cost
cost..

International issues Schemes free from International

Embankment Schemes Issues
schemes in the Indus river system

R/S of existing embankment
Schemes in Ganga and Brahmaputra
Basin
Drainage Schemes

Schemes for channel improvement

River training/Anti erosion schemes
sufficiently away from international border

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Hydrology
B C Ratio:
• Design discharge for specific return period
should be worked out using the recent past . Economic viability judged by Benefit Cost Ratio.
. Last 10 years damage data duly certified by the
10--20 years annual data.
10 data. Revenue Authority.
• Flood frequency analysis using the Log . Life of project may be taken as 50 years

Pearson Type
Type--III method or Gumble’s method B. C. Ratio= Annual Benefits/Annual cost

• Design HFL should be worked out using . Annual cost of flood management as 17% (10%-
(10%-
Gauge
Gauge--discharge curve
curve.. Interest Charges +5%-
+5%- Maintenance +2% +2%--
Depreciation) of the capital cost of the Schemes
• In the absence of past data, design discharge in case of Anti erosion schemes and 16%(10%-
16%(10%-
Interest Charges +4%-
+4%- Maintenance +2%-
+2%-
may be calculated using empirical formula Depreciation) in case of Raising & Strengthening
of embankment schemes.
• Design HFL can be adopted as Max observed For any scheme to be economically viable, B.C. Ratio
HFL should be greater than 1.

Design Embankment (BIS 12094:2000)

• Embankment: BIS 12094:
Embankment: 12094:2000.
2000. • Free board may be kept as 1.5 m for
discharge less than 3000 cumecs or 1.8 m
• Bank pitching:
pitching: IS 14262:
14262:1995
for more than 3000 cumecs.
• Spurs/Groynes:: IS 8404
Spurs/Groynes 8404::1994
• Crest width may be kept as 5.0 to 5.5 m
• Sluices:
Sluices: IS 8835:
8835:1978
• River side slope: 2H:1V
• Pilot channel
channel:: Regime theory
• Country side slope: 3H:1V
• porcupines: Conventional
RCC porcupines:
• HGL: 6H:1V
• Handbook for Flood Protection, Anti Anti--
• Return period for design flood may be 25
Erosion & River Training Works, CWC
years for rural area and 100 years for urban
area

Embankment (BIS 12094:2000) Bank pitching (IS 14262: 1995)

• Preferable at concave reaches
reaches..
• Slope stability analysis may be done for • Thickness of pitching and size of launching
embankment higher than 6 m. apron may be worked out as per IS Code
• Proper drainage arrangement may be done • Two layers of protection layer may be
along and across the C/S slope
slope.. provided when being provided in loose
• Spacing of the embankment along the • Single layer of protection layer may be
jacketed reach may be 3 times Laceys
Laceys’’ adopted when provided in wire crates/wire
wetted perimeter
perimeter.. mesh
• Thickness of launching apron will be 1.5 x
thickness of pitching

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Bank pitching (IS 14262: 1995) Appraisal of Schemes costing up to Rs.

12.50 crore
• Return period for design flood may be  To be prepared by Flood Control Department
Department..
adopted as 50 years for both rural and  Approval of State TAC
urban area  Can be sanctioned by State Government
• Appropriate filter, preferably Geo
Geo--textile,  However, before sanction clearance of Inter state
may be provided beneath the pitching.
pitching. implication by CWC and international matter by MoWR to
• Toe key near the river bed be obtained

• Launching apron may preferably be  Information in Statement-

Statement-A with copy to MoWR
MoWR,, CWC
and Planning Commission
provided in wire crates
 Investment Clearance by Planning C. is not needed
 If the schemes are proposed to be included under FMP
then cost estimate should at least be vetted by CWC.
CWC.

Appraisal of Schemes costing between Appraisal of Schemes costing more

Rs. 12.50 to Rs. 25.00 crore than Rs. 25.00 crore
To be prepared by Flood Control To be prepared by Flood Control Department.
Department.
Department..
Department Approval of State TAC
Approval of State TAC Clearance from the SFCB if scheme costs more
No clearance from the SFCB than Rs.
Rs. 30
30..00 Crore
To be submitted to CWC Field Offices Forest Clearance from MoEF for Project costing
Schemes to be examined and sent to PC for more than Rs 100 Crore
IC along with information in Statement-
Statement-B To be submitted to CWC field office
IC is to be obtained from the PC

Continued……
Detailed examination in specialized Directorate
of CWC after preliminary examination in CWC
field office
If found viable than put up to Advisory
Committee of MoWR for clearance
clearance..
Investment Clearance is to be obtained from the
Planning Commission.
Commission.

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Release of Central Assistance (Contd

(Contd))
Release of Central Assistance
 Central Assistance shall be released in two installment in  Second/Subsequent Installment(s)
a financial year • In the same financial year, Balance/Second installment
 First Installment shall be released on submission of Utilisation
• Projects receiving assistance up to 5050%% of project cost, certificate for utilising 5050%
% of CA released
released,, due
90
90%% of central share in the Annual State Budget shall be recommendation of monitoring agency, budget provision
released on submission of certificate duly signed by of state as well as central share, certificate by Principle
concerned Principle Secretary that state has released at Secretary that state has released full state share to
least 50 % of state share to the project as provided in project..
project
Annual State budget
budget..
• Projects receiving assistance higher than 5050%% of project • In the next/subsequent financial year, installment shall be
cost, 50
50%% of central share in the Annual State Budget released on submission of Utilisation certificate for
shall be released on submission of certificate duly signed utilising of full central share others released
by concerned Principle Secretary that state has released earlier, due recommendation of monitoring agency,
full state share to the project as provided in Annual State budget provision of state as well as central share,
Budget
Budget.. certificate by Principle Secretary that state has released
full state share to project

Release of Central Assistance (Contd

(Contd)) Documents for inclusion of Schemes in FMP
• FMP
FMP--1
 Reimbursement of Expenditure • Clearance from state TAC
• CA towards expenditure incurred in previous year(s) • Clearance from state flood control board
board--for schemes costing
before its approval by IMC- IMC-FMP would not be more than 30 cr
entertained..
entertained • Forest clearance
• Actual expenditure in the financial year (yr of approval • Certificate by Chief Engineer
Engineer--land has been accuired and in
possession of state govt.
govt.
by IMC-
IMC-FMP) or in a year after the approval of project
• Certificate by CE
CE--the project has not received any financial
would be reimbursed on submission of certificate assistance in past from any agency of govt of india.
india.
towards actual expenditure incurred duly countersigned • Certificate by CE
CE-- cost of projects is firm and final and
by concerned Principal Secretary escalation in cost would be borne by state govt.
govt.
• Techno
Techno--economic viability acceptance of DPR for the projects
by CWC/GFCC/Advisory committee of MOWR.
MOWR.
• Investment clearance by Planning commission
• Assurance from state finance department that requisite funds
would be provided by state as per phasing
• Any other clearance if required
required..

Documents for Release of Fund

• Approval IMC-
IMC-FMP
• Recommendation of CWC/GFCC/BB in FMP FMP--4 Performa
• Sate budget allocation
• A certificate duly signed by concerned principal secretary –it has
released its full state share to projects as provided in the annual
budget
• State wise annual ceiling fixed by planning commission under
fmp(to
fmp(to be enclosed by Ganga wing)
 Documents required for subsequent installment -
• Physical and financial progress in FMP
FMP--2 and FMP
FMP--3
• Utilisation certificate in GFR 19 A
• State budget allocation
• A certificate duly signed by concerned principal secretary –it has
released its full state share to projects as provided in the annual
budget
• Recommendation of CWC/GFCC/BB in FMP FMP--4
• Report of concurrent evaluation by independent agency
• Statement of audited expenditure of central assistance released

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STATEMENT--‘A’
STATEMENT
1. Name of the Scheme (Attach Location map and Index map).
2. Name of river, river basin and district in which the scheme is situated
3. Nature of scheme whether new embankments, raising and
strengthening of existing embankment, drainage, anti-
anti-erosion, town
protection etc.
4. Length of embankment or drainage channels.
5. Estimated cost.
6. Area benefited.
7. Date of sanction of the scheme
8. inter-state/international aspect of the scheme, if any has been
Whether inter-
examined by the State Technical Advisory Committee and, where
necessary, clearance of the CWC
CWC//Ganga Flood Control Commission and
the Ministry of Water Resources has been obtained.
9. Status of requisite administrative/statutory clearance.

STATEMENT--‘B’
STATEMENT
1. Name of the Scheme (Attach Location map and Index map).
2. Abstract of cost, including foreign exchange components, if any .
3. Skeleton reports.
4. Area and population which will get protected by the project.
5. i) Betterment levy or flood cess, if any proposed for the area to be protected
from floods or water logging or sea-
sea-erosion.
ii) Anticipated revenue therefrom.
therefrom.
6. a) Benefit cost ratio
b) Cost per hectares of area protected.
7. The extent to which people’s participation is envisaged for the execution of the
schemes and in what form.
8. Whether inter-
inter-state/international aspect of the scheme, if any, has been examined
by the State Technical Advisory Committee and, where necessary, clearance of
the CWC/
CWC/Ganga Flood Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources has been
obtained.
9. Status of requisite administrative/statutory clearance.

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 03/07/2015 Fri

Why DPR ?
Case Study on Preparation Irrigation / Multipurpose projects require -

of DPR LARGE INPUT

VARIED SOURCES

FINANCIAL
Presented by: ASSESSMENT
Ajay Kumar, Director, CWC,
New Delhi STATUTORY
REQUIREMENTS

Common Deficiencies in DPR Common Deficiencies in DPR

The guidelines are not followed properly
Cost Estimates are prepared without

Lack of Survey & Investigations detailed design and survey.

Updated Hydrological data are not used
The project requirements are not fully
for water availability assessment included in the project proposal

Planning and Designs are not carried out
Economic analysis do not account for
as per current practices project specific or region specific data

Constraints, if any, are not clearly
Latest technologies are not used in the
brought out design and Planning

Workshop Cnennai 3 Workshop Cnennai 4

Preliminary Report of Mewat

Feeder Canal, Haryana
- Case Study

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Project Proposal Project Proposal

Mewat Feeder Canal envisages utilization of
Total proposed length of Mewat feeder is 117.04
0.37 MAF water of river Yamuna and 0.12 MAF km which consists of lifting arrangement at six
water of Ravi Beas system for providing locations having total lift of 50.21 m.
irrigation benefit to culturable command area of
In addition to the benefit of irrigation and
76238 ha including drinking water supply to the drinking water, the proposed project will also
Mewat district in Haryana. provide hydro power benefit to the tune of 10

The proposal envisages off taking 741 cusec MW.
water from existing JLN feeder at RD-104.6 km
near village Sahalawas in Jhajjar district.
7 8

LINE DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED ALIGNMENT OF MEWAT FEEDER CANAL

JHAJJAR
NECESSITY OF PROJECT
JLN FEEDER

The Mewat region falls under arid zone and
RD 343100
KM.00
GURGAON
rainfall is scanty and erratic.
N.H.8

KM 28.819
KM. 28.819 KM. 49.034 K.M.P GURGAON CANAL

Due to various reasons the allocation of 0.49
J.L.N CANAL M.F.C KM. 60.000 RD .75.986
REWARI
KM .74.116
SOHNA G.C MAF water is not been harnessed to its full
NUH DY. NSB

RD 46110
KM. 89.030
M.F.C
extent which has resulted into inadequate
irrigation facilities in Mewat region.
KM.117.041 RD 167836 GC

The RDs are as per tentative NUH
The people of Mewat area is also facing acute
L-section of Mewat Feeder Canal
shortage of drinking water.

OFFTAKE POINT OF MFC ALIGNMENT OF MFC - BLOW UP

(JLN CANAL FEEDER (104.60 KM)JF-
KM)JF-II

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 03/07/2015 Fri

SOURCE OF WATER FOR MFC Appraisal of Project in CWC

THE WATER FOR MFC HAVING DESIGNED CAPACITY OF
Preliminary Report was 1st submitted in CWC in
741 CUSECS IS PROPOSED TO BE DIVERTED FROM JLN August 2012.
FEEDER WHICH OFF TAKES FROM THE KHUBRU
HEADWORKS.
Chapters on Water availability, Irrigation
Planning and Inter-state aspect were missing in

PRESENTLY, THIS SHARE OF WATER IS BEING RECEIVED
FROM OKHLA BARRAGE. the report.

WITH THIS PROJECT, THE MEWAT AREA WILL GET FRESH
State Govt. was requested in September 2012
WATER INSTEAD OF CONTAMINATED WATER. to submit the above mentioned chapters which
was submitted in October 2013.

Comments of CWC on Water availability and
Inter-state aspects were communicated in Jan-
Feb 2014.
14

Appraisal of Project in CWC

A presentation was made by the project
authorities in June 2014.

It was clarified that Haryana is using their own
share of water of 0.49 MAF (0.37 MAF of
Yamuna and 0.12 MAF of Ravi Beas System).

It was stated that about 58% CCA of the
Gurgaon canal is proposed to be shifted to
Mewat canal

Out of 0.49 MAF allocated for Gurgaon canal,
0.238 MAF (0.308 - 0.07) water will be utilized
through Mewat Feeder Canal.
15 16

SALIENT FEATURES SALIENT FEATURES

OFF TAKING POINT : RD 343100 of JLN Feeder SECTION OF CHANNEL : CUP SHAPED
COST OF THE PROJECT : Rs. 661.17 Crore TYPE OF LINING : SINGLE LAYER BRICK LINING
TOTAL CCA OF THE PROJECT : 188308 ACRES OR 76238 HECT.
LENGTH OF CHANNEL : 117.041 KM
1.Parallel along JLN Canal : 28.819 K.M. (0 to 28.819 KM)
INTENSITY OF IRRIGATION : KHARIF @ 34.5% = 26302 HECT
2.Parallel along KMP Expressway : 13.744 KM (60.000 to 73.744 KM)
RABI @ 27.5% = 20965 HECT
3.On existing Nuh Sub Branch 15.286 KM (73.744 to 89.030 KM)
LIFT : 10.0, 5.95, 6.5, 9.05, 10.05 & 8.65
4.Parallel along Gurgaon Canal : 28.011 KM (89.030 to 117.041 KM)
MTRS. = 50.20 MTRS
NO. OF PUMP HOUSES : 6 NOS. (KM. 0, 10.068, 16.679,
DISCHARGE AT HEAD : 741.31 Cs. (20.99 CUMEC)
46.0, 57.50 & 63.0)
DISCHARGE AT RD 75986 of : 566.09 Cs. (16.03 CUMEC) CAPACITY : 31 NO. PUMPS (150 CS. EACH)
GURGAON CANAL 15 NO. PUMPS (50 CS. EACH)
Discharge at Tail KM 117.041 : 203Cs. (5.75 CUMEC) POWER REQUIRED FOR LIFT : APPROX. 12 M.W.

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SALIENT FEATURES Appraisal of Project in CWC

FALL : APPROXIMATE 62.25 MTRS. AFTER
X-ING ARAVALI HILL NEAR VILLAGE
Project authorities was requested to furnish
KHOR OF SOHNA IN BETWEEN Water account Statement in volumetric basis.
71.684-72.810 KM

Replies were submitted in October 2014.
POWER GENERATION : APPROX 10 MW POWER CAN BE
GENERATED AS PER

In Principle Consent of CWC for preparation of
RECOMMENDATION OF IIT Detailed Project Report (DPR) was accorded in
ROORKEE. November 2014.
STORAGE IN VALLEY PORTION : EXPECTED STORAGE CAPACITY OF
37150 CUM IN VALLEY CAN BE
UTILIZED FOR DRINKING PURPOSE.
VILLAGES BENEFITED : 167 NOS.

20

DPR of Subarnrekha Multipurpose

Project, Jharkhand – Case Study

22

Salient Features of Subernarekha basin

S. No. Features Description
1 Area 29,196 Sq.km
2 States in the basin Jharkhand - (48.84%)
Odisha - (37.96%)
West Bengal - (13.2%)
3 Mean Annual Rainfall 1383.35 mm
4 Highest Elevation 1166 m
5 Avg. Annual Water Potential 12.37 BCM
6 Utilizable Surface Water 6.80 BCM
7 Number of water resources Dams – 38
structures Barrages –4
Weirs – 12
Power houses - 3
8 Highest Dam Lower Purulia dam - 95 m
9 Longest Dam Jambhira dam - 7.36 km
10 Highest Barrage Galudih barrage - 27.5 m
11 Longest Barrage Galudih barrage - 369 m
12 Number of Irrigation projects Major - 05
Medium - 34
13 Number of HE projects 1
24

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Proposed Inter basin transfer links PROJECT PROPOSAL OF

in Subernrekha basin SUBERNAREKHA MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT
The project envisages construction of following

Inter basin transfer link proposes river water components:
transfer from the region of surplus to deficit • Chandil dam across river Subernarekha with a
gross storage capacity of 1963 MCM which
areas.
includes flood storage of 463 MCM to benefit

Two inter basin transfer links under Himalayan Orissa and West Bengal.
component are proposed in Subansiri basin. • Ichha dam across river Kharkai with a gross
storage capacity of 1043 MCM. this includes a

Subernarekha-Mahanadi Link and storage of 222.2 MCM for utilization in Orissa.

Ganga-Damodar-Subernarekha Link.
25 26

PROJECT PROPOSAL OF
SUBERNAREKHA MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT
• A 258 m long barrage across river
Kharkai.
• A 436.2 m long barrage across river
Subernarekha at Galudih
• Canal system off taking from Ichha Dam,
Chandil dam, Kharkai Barrage and
Galudih barrage

27 28

BENEFITS OF SUBERNAREKHA BENEFITS OF SUBERNAREKHA

MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT

Irrigation benefit to 1,54,802 ha CCA
14.447 million Unit annual power with
installed capacity of 17.36 MW at the
in Jharkahnd, 90000 CCA in Odisha outlet of Chandil Dam to Left Main
and 5000 CCA in West Bengal. Canal.

740 MCM (494 MCM from Chandil

Flood Control benefits to Odisha and
dam and 246 MCM from Ichha dam)
West Bengal by providing 463 MCM Water supply for Industrial and
Drinking purposes in Jharkhand.
flood cushion in Chandil dam.
29 30

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 03/07/2015 Fri

Appraisal of 2nd Revised Estimate Appraisal of 2nd Revised Estimate

The yield rates of various crops appeared to be
Compliance to the observations were submitted
on higher side. in August 2010.

The yield per ha and rates of the crops were not
B.C. ratio for Irrigation component of the project
approved from State Agricultural Department. was reassessed in CWC which worked out to be

Expenditure on seeds in post project scenario 1.76.
was considered lesser than in pre-project
Revised Estimate was considered by the
scenario. Advisory committee in its 106th meeting held on

The O&M charges were not adopted as per 16th September 2010.
approved norms.

Water supply rates for Industrial and domestic
The committee observed that clearance for
purposes, Unit cost of electricity were not diversion of 145.26 ha of reserve forest land
supported with proper documents. falling under Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary was not
37
obtained by the project authorities. 38

Appraisal of 2nd Revised Estimate

 Therefore, the Committee deferred the proposal on
account of non-submission of following documents:

Clearance for diversion of 145.26 ha of reserve
forest land falling under Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary Flood Control Scheme

State Finance Concurrence.
 NBWL recommended the proposal for diversion of
145.26 ha of Forest land falling under Dalma Wild Life
Sanctuary in January 2011.
 State Govt also submitted Finance concurrence in
February 2011.
 Advisory Committee accepted the proposal in its 109th
meeting held on 14th March 2011.
39

Different types of works in DPRs

Flood Management Scheme
 Integral part of overall Water Resource  Flood Protection Works –
Development Construction of new Embankment,
Raising & Strengthening of Embankment,
 Comprehensive Approach to the Problem of Flood
in the area Guide Bunds, Protection Wall etc.

 Proposal should aim at the Socio-Economic  Anti-erosion Works–

Development
Revetment/Pitching, Launching Apron, Spurs,
 Should include Land Management, Ecological,
Porcupines
Afforestation, Soil Conservation and Watershed
Management aspects  Channel Improvement Works – Pilot Channel
 Schemes should be formulated in coordination
with Railways, NHAI and other concerned  Drainage Improvement Works – Sluices
Departments

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 03/07/2015 Fri

Categories of FM Schemes General Format of a DPR

 MINOR SCHEMES – Costing less than  Index
Rs. 12.5 Crore  Checklist
 Report of Chief Engineer/
 MEDIUM SCHEMES – Costing between Superintending Engineer/
Rs.12.5 Crore to Rs. 25 Crore
Executive Engineer
 MAJOR SCHEMES – Costing more than  Hydrology
Rs. 25.00 Crore  Design

Report of Chief Engineer/Superintending

General Format of a DPR Engineer/Executive Engineer
 Calculation of quantities

The report of CE and SE: Brief about the
 Rate Analysis and Schedule of Rate area, location, problem, earlier measures
 Abstract of Cost Estimate proposed measures and salient features
 Annual Benefits
The Report of EE: Details description of the
 B. C. Ratio above.
 Various Certificates
Salient features: Proposed Measures,
 Drawings Benefitted area/population, Design features of
proposed work, Cost, B. C. Ratio etc

Hydrology Appraisal of Schemes costing up to Rs.

Design discharge for specific return period 12.50 crore
should be worked out using the recent past 10-
To be prepared by Flood Control Department.
20 years annual data.
Approval of State TAC

Flood frequency analysis using the Log Pearson
Can be sanctioned by State Government
Type-III method or Gumble’s method
However, before sanction clearance of Inter state implication

Design HFL should be worked out using Gauge- by CWC and international matter by MoWR to be obtained
discharge curve.
Information in Statement-A with copy to MoWR, CWC

In the absence of past data, design discharge and Planning Commission
may be calculated using empirical formula
Investment Clearance by Planning Commission is not needed

Design HFL can be adopted as Max observed
If the schemes are proposed to be included under FMP then
HFL cost estimate should at least be vetted by CWC.

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 03/07/2015 Fri

Appraisal of Schemes costing between Rs. Appraisal of Schemes costing more than
12.50 to Rs. 25.00 crore Rs. 25.00 crore

To be prepared by Flood Control Department.
To be prepared by Flood Control Department.

Approval of State TAC
Approval of State TAC

No clearance from the SFCB
Clearance from the SFCB if scheme costs more

To be submitted to CWC Field Offices than Rs. 30.00 Crore

Schemes to be examined and sent to PC for IC
Forest Clearance from MoEF for Project costing
along with information in Statement-B more than Rs 100 Crore

IC is to be obtained from the PC
To be submitted to CWC field office

Continued……

Detailed examination in specialized Directorate of
CWC after preliminary examination in CWC field
office Case Study on Preparation

If found viable than put up to Advisory Committee of TAC Note
of MoWR for clearance.

Investment Clearance is to be obtained from the
Planning Commission.

What is TAC Note ? Constitution of Advisory Committee

Advisory Committee has been constituted by

TAC NOTE IS A DOCUMENT PREPARED AFTER
Ministry of Water Resources on 27th November,
COMPLETING APPRAISAL OF PROJECTS
1987. Earlier, Planning Commission constituted

THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE NOTE AND CHECK LIST such committees from time to time.
FINALISED BY CWC AND CIRCULATED TO ALL THE
MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF
MoWR, RD&GR HEADED BY SECRETARY FOR
Purpose of the committee is to consider Major,
CONSIDERATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF THE PROJCT Medium Irrigation, Flood Control and Multipurpose
PROPOSALS project proposals for their techno-economic
viability.

DOCUMENT CONTAINS BRIEF ABOUT TECHNICAL
ASPECTS, STATUTORY CLEARANCES & ECONOMIC
EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT

53 54

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 03/07/2015 Fri

Constitution of Advisory Committee Constitution of Advisory Committee

The Committee consists of the following members: The Committee consists of the following members:
(i) Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources - Chairman (viii) Director-General, ICAR or his nominee - Member
(ii) Chairman, Central Water Commission - Member (ix) Chairman, Central Electricity Authority - Member
(iii) Secretary (Expenditure), Ministry of Finance - Member (x) Advisor (I&CAD), Planning Commission - Member
or his Nominee (xi) Advisor (Energy), Planning Commission - Member
(iv) Secretary, Department of Power, Ministry of - Member (xii) Financial Advisor , Ministry of Water Resources - Member
Energy or his Nominee. (xiii) Chairman, Central Ground Water Board - Member
(v) Secretary, Department of Environment & - Member (xiv) Chief Engineer (PA), CWC - Member-Secretary
Forest or his Nominee
(vi) Secretary, Department. of Agriculture - Member
The Nominees will not be below the rank of Joint Secretary.
& Cooperation or his Nominee
The committee may also invite representatives of any other
(vii) Secretary, Ministry of Welfare or his Nominee - Member Government organizations
55 56

Functions of Advisory Committee Process of clearance by Advisory Committee

The project proposals are received in the Central
The functions of the Committee is to examine projects
Water commission which carries out initial scrutiny
proposed by State Governments, Central Government
in consultation with other concerned agencies and
or other organizations and satisfy itself that:
provide secretarial assistance to the Committee.
i) the schemes have been prepared after adequate
investigations;
On the basis of the examination conducted by the
ii) the estimates are complete and technically correct; Committee, the Ministry of Water Resources conveys
the decision on techno-economic viability of
iii) the financial forecasts and estimates of benefits are
the projects.
based on reliable and accurate data; and
iv) the need of environment conservation and proper
Their inclusion in the Five Year Plans or Annual Plans
rehabilitation of project-affected persons have been were decided by the Planning Commission having
taken into account. regard to the objectives and strategy of the Plan.
57 58

Preparation of TAC Note DETAILS TO BE GIVEN IN TAC NOTE

TAC Note should contain brief discussion about the
MAIN REPORT
project proposals. There are following three parts of
the TAC Note:
INTRODUCTION WITH BACKGOUND OF
THE PROJECT

MAIN REPORT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CHECK LIST
HYDROLOGY

IRRIGATION PLANNING & WATER

ANNEXURES REQUIREMENT FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES

INTER-STATE / INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

DESIGN ISSUES
59 60

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DETAILS TO BE GIVEN IN TAC NOTE DETAILS TO BE GIVEN IN TAC NOTE

MAIN REPORT cont…. MAIN REPORT cont….

CONJUCNCTIVE USE OF SURFACE AND
COST ESTIMATE AND ECONOIC
GROUND WATER EVALUATION

STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL & FOREST
PROPOSED PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL
CLEARANCES IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

STATUS OF MoTA CLEARANCE
APPRAISAL IN CWC & VALUE ADDITION

RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION STATUS
RECOMMENDATION WITH SPECIFIC

LAND ACQUISITION STATUS POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION OF THE
COMMITTEE

PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL STATUS
61 62

DETAILS TO BE GIVEN IN TAC NOTE DETAILS TO BE GIVEN IN TAC NOTE

CHECK LIST CHECK LIST cont….

Name of Project
Cost per hectare of annual irrigation

Engineering and other technical aspects

G.C.A, CCA, Anuual Irrigation, Intensity of irrigation

Physical programme and its phasing

Inclusion in the plan & allocation

Inter-state Aspects

Estimated Cost & foreign exchange
Water utilization & Drainage

Concurrence of the state finance department
Measures against salinity & alkanity

Phasing of expenditure
Programme for construction of the field channels and water
course

Cropping pattern

Phasing of expected benefits

Expected irrigation and other benefits

Scale of water charges & revenue

Benefit cost ratio
Outstanding comments
63 64

DETAILS TO BE GIVEN IN TAC NOTE

ANNEXURES Case Study of

LOCATION MAP
SWAN RIVER FLOOD MANAGEMENT

INDEX MAP
PROJECT FROM DAULATPUR

SALIENT FEATURES

VARIOUS STATUTORY CLEARANCES BRIDGE TO GARGRET BRIDGE IN

PHYSICAL , FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION MAIN SWAN RIVER & TRIBUTORIES
SCHEDULE
UPTO H.P. BOUNDARY IN UNA, (H.P.)

BENEFIT COST RATIO CALCULATIONS

STATE FINANCE CONCURRENCE
65 66

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APPRAISAL OF PROJECT PROPOSAL APPRAISAL OF PROJECT PROPOSAL

Swan River Flood Management Project from Observations of CWC
Daulatpur Bridge to Gagret Bridge in Main

Reports of CE and SE were missing.
Swan River and all tributaries in Distt. Una
(HP) was submitted in Nov. 2011 for Rs
Forest clearance was not obtained.
598.72 Crore.
Clearance from IWT angle was not

Approval of STAC was given in September obtained.
2011.
Benefits in terms of population and area

Examined in CWC and observations were was not given
communicated in Feb. 2012.
67 68

APPRAISAL OF PROJECT PROPOSAL APPRAISAL OF PROJECT PROPOSAL

Observations of CWC cont…..
Compliance to observations was submitted in
March to June 2012.

Model studies was not carried out.

Estimated Cost was finalized for Rs. 922.485

Design flood was estimated properly. Crore.

Different Free Board was adopted for
State Finance concurrence was obtained in June
different tributaries. 2013.

Cost estimate was not prepared as per
TAC Note was finalized and proposal was
accepted by the Advisory Committee in July 2013.
guidelines

Included under FMP in Dec. 2013 under funding
pattern of 70:30
69 70

Steps of DPR Preparation

Collection of Data

Field investigations

Comprehensive and
detailed study of
data,

Compilation of
findings in the shape
of a Project Report

71

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Aspects to be studied in project planning

Stages of Project Planning

Need for project development,

Desktop Study

Type of project,

Preparation of

Topography of the project area,
Pre-Feasibility
Report
Reservoir Planning

Preparation of
Hydrological Studies

Detailed Project
Geological and Geotechnical assessment
Report
Seismological Studies

Aspects to be studied in project planning Preparation of DPR

Construction material availability
For establishing techno-economic viability
of the project and arriving at the

Benefit assessment investment decision it is essential that the

Engineering of project components project report is prepared on the basis of-

Reliable data

Environmental Impact Assessment
Adequate investigations

Planning of project infrastructure
Comprehensive studies

Construction equipment planning A Good Project Report enables speedier

examination and minimizing the time taken

Cost estimation and financial evaluation for its approval

Evolution of Guidelines for DPR preparation Subsequent Developments

During First Five Year Plan the projects were selected
The committee was reconstituted by Planning
on ad-hoc basis Commission from time to time

During second plan a committee was constituted to
recommend the projects to be taken up
In 1987 the committee was constituted under

CWC was given the task of technical examination
Ministry of Water Resources
with a view that
Up to 1960 no guidelines for preparation of

All necessary investigations are carried out DPR was available

The estimates of expenditure are reasonably
correct
There was no uniformity in the approach for

The estimates of revenue are made on adequate preparation of DPR
data

13
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Subsequent Developments Comprehensive Guidelines

In 1972 CWC circulated the guidelines
CWC for the first time issued
outlining the investigations requirements comprehensive guidelines in 1980.
which were updated in 1975
With the advancements in technology in
terms of analysis and design, survey &

In 1975 Planning Commission revised the investigations and changes in various policies,
circulated list of items of reference for funding these guidelines were updated from
preparation of river valley project and time to time.
included chapters on Hydrology, Irrigation
Presently, the latest updated Guidelines-2010
planning, construction planning, estimation of of CWC is applicable for DPR preparation.
costs and benefits, and also ecological aspects

Sections of DPR Section

Section--II, Salient Features
 Check list to insure that all
the items are covered in the 1. Name of the Project
DPR.
 Salient features - 2. Type of Project (Irrigation or Multipurpose)
Important features of the
project 3. Location
 Main report - This section
4. International / Interstate aspects of the project
contains details of every aspect
 Drawings - Various 5. Estimated life of the project (years)
drawings/maps of the project
6. Irrigation (ha)
 Appendices and Annexure
7. Flood control

Section-
Section-II, Salient Features Section
Section--II, Salient Features
8. Navigation 12. Reservoir

9. Water supply (Domestic / Industrial) 13. Submergence

10. Project Performance 14. Headworks

(a) Irrigation 15. Canal System
(b) Power
(c) Flood Control 16. Cropping Pattern
(d) Water Supply
17. Power
(e) Navigation
11. Hydrology

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Section-
Section-II, Salient Features Section
Section--II, Salient Features
18. Cost 20. Benefit Cost Ratio

18.1 Total Cost of the project (a) B.C. Ratio

18.2 Allocated cost (i) Irrigation
(a) Irrigation (ii) Flood control
(b) Power
(c) Flood control (b) Levelized Tariff of Power
(d) Navigation
(e) Water Supply (c) Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
(f) Any other
19. Benefits/Revenue

Section
Section--III, Main Report Section--III, Main Report
Section
CHAPTERS OF DPR: CHAPTERS OF DPR:
1. Introduction 9. Command Area
2. Physical features 10. Flood Control
3. Interstate/International Aspects 11. Drainage
4. Surveys and investigations 12. Power
5. Hydrology 13. Navigation
6. Design feature and criteria for different 14. Construction Programme & Plant Planning
river valley structures 15. Environment, Ecology and Forest Aspects
7. Reservoir 16. Estimate
8. Irrigation Planning 17. Economic Evaluation & B. C. Ratio

STATEMENT-‘A’ STATEMENT-‘B’
1. Name of the Scheme (Attach Location map and Index map). 1. Name of the Scheme (Attach Location map and Index map).
2. Name of river, river basin and district in which the scheme is 2. Abstract of cost, including foreign exchange components, if any .
situated 3. Skeleton reports.
3. Nature of scheme whether new embankments, raising and 4. Area and population which will get protected by the project.
strengthening of existing embankment, drainage, anti-erosion, 5. i) Betterment levy or flood cess, if any proposed for the area to
town protection etc. be protected from floods or water logging or sea-erosion.
4. Length of embankment or drainage channels. ii) Anticipated revenue there from.
5. Estimated cost. 6. a) Benefit cost ratio
6. Area benefited. b) Cost per hectares of area protected.
7. Date of sanction of the scheme 7. The extent to which people’s participation is envisaged for the
8. Whether inter-state/international aspect of the scheme, if any execution of the schemes and in what form.
has been examined by the State Technical Advisory Committee 8. Whether inter-state/international aspect of the scheme, if any, has
and, where necessary, clearance of the CWC/Ganga Flood been examined by the State Technical Advisory Committee and,
Control Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources has where necessary, clearance of the CWC/Ganga Flood
been obtained. Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources has been
9. Status of requisite administrative/statutory clearance. obtained.
9. Status of requisite administrative/statutory clearance.

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STATUS OF REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT LAND ACQUISITION

Total Land Land Possession Balance Land

Rehabilitation Balance to Item Requirement (ha) Received (ha) Possession (ha)

Rehabilitat
Assistance Rehabilitation be Govt. Private Govt. Private Govt. Private
Description Total ed/
Sanctioned Paid rehabilitated/
Resettled
resettled Head Works
424.65 617.35 247.58 617.35 177.07 0
Displaced & Reservoir
655 551 386 386 165
families
Main Canal 151.99 1489.51 151.99 1109.69 0 379.82
Total
655 551 386 386 165 Distributaries
0 987.00 0 19.00 0 968.00
& Minors

Total 576.64 3039.86 399.57 1746.04 177.07 1347.82

91 92

PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL PROGRESS Constitution of Advisory Committee

Completed Phasing during the physical year

Advisory Committee has been constituted by
Component up to
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year Ministry of Water Resources on 27th November,
March 2014
1. Head Works
1987 for consideration of techno-economic viability
1(a). Dam & of Major, Medium Irrigation, Flood Control and
92.00% 6.00% 2.00%
Spillway Multipurpose project proposals.
1(b). Other Works 65.00% 15.00% 20.00%
2. Distribution System

Earlier, a Committee for recommending projects to
2(a) Main Canal 14.62% 6.38% 26.50% 27.16% 25.34% be included in the Second Five Year Plan was set up
2(b) Distributaries
3.23% 1.00% 19.31% 36.81% 39.65%
by the Planning commission, vide their Resolution
and Minors No. PC(V)/IV(5)/54, dated the 20th February, 1954.
2(c) High-level
19.40% 10.77% 40.00% 25.00% 8.83%
Canal

93 94

Constitution of Advisory Committee Constitution of Advisory Committee

Later, the Planning Commission constituted an
Advisory Committee for Irrigation, Flood Control
The arrangements for scrutiny of techno-economic
and Multipurpose projects, vide their letter No. II- viability of irrigation, flood control and multipurpose
16(25)(1)/76-I&CAD, dated the 27th September, projects have been reviewed by Government
1976.

The Advisory Committee constituted by the

This Committee was entrusted with the function of Planning Commission was replaced by an Advisory
getting the project examined by the Central Water Committee in the Ministry of Water
Commission and Central Electricity Authority, as Resources in November, 1987.
required to determine their techno-economic
viability.

95 96

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Inter State Issues of Flood Control Schemes Schemes free from Inter State Issues
Embankment Schemes R/S of existing embankment
Such schemes which lies in or extend to a Retired lines for existing embankment
limit of 8 km from the border on an Investigation of FM schemes including anti-sea-
interstate river which does not flow down erosion
to any other state but whose effect may Raising of villages
extend in the upper state A/E, river training schemes sufficiently away
Schemes which are on rivers or tributaries from states border
which flow down to another state Any scheme which does not have inter state
ramification can be sanction by the state Govt.
itself of any cost.

International issues Schemes free from International

Embankment Schemes Issues

schemes in the Indus river system
R/S of existing embankment

Schemes in Ganga and Brahmaputra Basin
Drainage Schemes
Schemes for channel improvement
River training/Anti erosion schemes
sufficiently away from international border

Embankment (BIS 12094:2000) Embankment (BIS 12094:2000)

Free board may be kept as 1.5 m for discharge
Slope stability analysis may be done for
less than 3000 cumecs or 1.8 m for more than embankment higher than 6 m.
3000 cumecs.
Proper drainage arrangement may be done

Crest width may be kept as 5.0 to 5.5 m along and across the C/S slope.

River side slope: 2H:1V
Spacing of the embankment along the

Country side slope: 3H:1V jacketed reach may be 3 times Laceys’

HGL: 6H:1V wetted perimeter.

Return period for design flood may be 25 years
for rural area and 100 years for urban area

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Bank pitching (IS 14262: 1995)

Preferable at concave reaches.

Thickness of pitching and size of launching
apron may be worked out as per IS Code

Two layers of protection layer may be provided
when being provided in loose

Single layer of protection layer may be adopted
when provided in wire crates/wire mesh

Thickness of launching apron will be 1.5 x
thickness of pitching

18
 CENTRAL ASSISTANCE -
ACCELERATED
IRRIGATION BENEFITS
PROGRAMME
By

DEEPAK KUMAR
Director, CWC 1

Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme

• To give boost to the irrigation infrastructure, Accelerated

Irrigation Benefit Program (AIBP) was conceived by
Government of India during 1996 1996--97
97,, with the aim to
accelerate creation of irrigation potential and realization of
benefits from completed irrigation projects in the country.
country.

• Under the AIBP program, Central Government provides

financial assistance to State Governments.
Governments.

• In order to improve the implementation framework,

monitoring of these scheme was introduced.
introduced.

1
AIM of Accelerated Irrigation Benefits
Programme (AIBP)

To accelerate construction of pending

projects
projects..

To augment fund to States.
States.

To create benefits of Irrigation potential
simultaneously..
simultaneously

GENERAL ELIGIBILITY
CRITARIA

Major/Medium/ERM projects/project
components

In advanced stage of construction which could
be completed in a maximum of 4 years.

Investment clearance from planning commission

Not receiving financial assistance from any other
source

2
 Inclusion Criteria (Major/ Medium)

A new project having investment clearance from
Planning Commission and in Advanced Stage of
Construction can be included only on completion
of an ongoing project in the state (1:1 Criteria)

Relaxed in case of Projects benefitting

Drought prone/ Desert Prone Area/Tribal areas

Districts Identified under PM’s package of agrarian
distress

States with Irrigation development below National
average
5

Inclusion Criteria (Major/ Medium)

Advanced Stage of Construction would imply

50
50%% of Financial Progress of latest approved
estimated Cost

50
50%% of Physical Progress of essential works-
works-like
H/Works, E/Works, Land Aq, Aq, R&R at
Reservoir Area

Construction Planning would be such that AIBP
works and CAD works taken up simultaneously
simultaneously..

3
 Additional Inclusion Criteria (ERM
Projects)

Having Investment Clearance from Planning
Commission

Project already completed and commissioned
from at least 10 years earlier from proposed year
of inclusion in AIBP

Apart from that Advanced Stage of Construction
criteria should also be satisfied along with CAD
works will also be followed by ERM

TERMS OF FUNDING(for Major and Medium

Irrigation Project i.e. MMI Projects)
The central assistance will be in the form of central grant for
(i) New and Ongoing Projects -90 90%% central assistance(CA) of
project cost(works Component) in case of special category
States, and KBK region of Odissa
(ii) New and Ongoing Projects - 75 % CA of project cost in
Special Area i.e. Major/medium projects benefiting drought
prone area(DPA), desert prone area(DDP), tribal area (TA)
and flood prone area of NonNon-- Special category states
(iii) New and Ongoing Projects -25 25%% CA of project cost in case
of Non
Non--special category States except for (ii) above.
above. Could be
enhanced upto 50 50%% for new projects subject to condition
that the States actually carry out water sector reforms.
reforms.
8

4
 ….TERMS OF FUNDING( For MMI
Projects)
Till finalization of reform benchmarks by MOWR,
following measures will be considered as water reforms-
reforms-

1) Measurement on volumetric basis,

2) participatory Irrigation Management,

3) Active working of Water User Association,

4) Micro Irrigation,

5) Collection at water cess by Water User Association,

6) Maintenance by Water User Association.

With implementation of any three of the above, the State

Government will become eligible for enhanced funding
9

….TERMS OF FUNDING (for MMI

Projects)

The Desert Development Programme (DDP) area/Desert
Prone Area will be as identified by Ministry of Rural
Development in their published documents.
documents.

For the purpose of determining the quantum of assistance,
a project benefiting Desert Development Programme
(DDP) area/Desert Prone Area will be treated on a par
with those benefiting DPAP areas.
areas.

The balance funds to be arranged by the state
government from its own resources.
resources.

10

5
 SPECIAL CATEGORY STATES FOR AIBP

The Special Category States covers the North
Eastern States, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &
Kashmir, and Uttaranchal
Uttaranchal.. The projects in the
undivided Koraput
Koraput,, Bolangir and Kalahandi
(KBK) districts of Orissa will also be treated at par
with Special Category States
States..

All other States not covered in Special Category

shall be Non-
Non-Special Category States

11

…Mode of funding

MI schemes of Special Category States and Non Special
Category States (benefiting DPAP/Tribal areas) are
eligible for 90%
90% grant assistance
assistance..

During a financial year, the sanctioned grant will be
released in two installments.
installments.

(i) For projects receiving 25
25%% CA :- 90
90%%(as 1st Install)
after release of at least of 50 50%
% of State Share.
Share. and
balance 10%
10% (2nd Install) after obtaining the UC of
minimum of 50% 50% of CA released earlier and

(ii) For projects receiving higher than 50 % CACA::- 50
50%
%
(1st Install) after the State Releases its full Share and
50%
50% (2nd Install) same as above
12

6
 …Mode of funding

After inclusion of project and release of grant,
next year installments to be released after receipt
of Utilization Certificates(UC) for 100% 100%
utilization of previous year issued by Chief
Engineer and countersigned by Secretary
(WR/Irrigation)..
(WR/Irrigation)

The UC must contain Irrigation Potential
achieved, financial progress/expenditure on AIBP
and CAD Component as agreed in MoU

States have to submit fresh proposals each year as
per guidelines of the AIBP.
13

Completion period

Major/medium/ERM projects or project component
are required to be completed in a maximum of 4
years excluding year of inclusion of project in
AIBP(The State Governments will are required to
enter into an MoU with the MoWR)
MoWR).

The projects not going as per schedule, Maximum
time of 2 years and cost escalation by maximum 20
% allowed based on proper Justifications by the State

Surface MI schemes are required to be completed in
a maximum of 2 years excluding year of inclusion of
project in AIBP
AIBP..
14

7
 MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDJING
State governments will be required to enter into an
MoU with the MoWR for each individual project
and group of MI schemes under the programme
indicating

Latest estimated cost approved by planning
Commission, balance cost, balance potential, year
year--
wise phasing balance potential and

Agreement to create targeted irrigation potential
and potential utilization under CAD activities in
four financial years for major/medium projects and
15

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING

two financial years for minor irrigation schemes
MOU will also contain target date of completion

Ensuring required Quality Control Aspect,
Monitoring Mechanism, Adequate of funds for 10
years maintenance, independent evaluation of
AIBP components and CAD components.
components.

Agreement for termination that if
physical/financial progress not achieved as per
schedule and State fails to submit convincing
reply, grant will be converted into loan
loan..
16

8
 MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING

Agreement for monitoring of project through Three-
Three-
Tier Monitoring Mechanism by State Govt and
CWC/
CWC/MoWR
MoWR.. Third party monitoring will be carried
out by State Govt and report will be submitted along
with utilization certificate to GoI.
GoI.

Agreement for concurrent evaluation of the projects
under AIBP( AIBP Component and CAD Component)
to be done by independent agency out side the
administrative control of MoWR MoWR,, GOI/State Water
Resource Deptt at the end of each financial year during
the period of funding under AIBP

17

Processing of CA Proposal

The State Government submit the CA proposals completed

in all respects(including CADWM components with
investment clearance to Field Unit (FU),CWC.
(FU),CWC.

The FU,CWC checks the proposal towards its
completeness and recommends to CWC(HQ)/with check
list issued by MoWR OR returned to State with observation
for further compliance

The CWC(HQ) finally scrutinize the proposal and its
soundness and recommend to MoWR MoWR/or
/or return to
FU,CWC for further compliance

18

9
 Processing of CA Proposal

CA Proposal includes:-
includes:-

(N)-- for New proposal and Form(C)-
Form (N) Form(C)-for
Continuing Proposal

MoU

Budget Certificates

Utilization Certificate

Year-wise Expenditure
Audit Statement of Year-

Land Acquisition Certificate

Capital Assets Certificate
19

Processing of CA Proposal

Special Area Certificate(if applied for)

Copy of Investment clearance

Abstract of Physical and Financial progress
component-
component-wise

Quarterly physical and financial programme

Justification for extension of time or any
shortfall in potential creation or utilization(if
required)

20

10
 Inclusion Criteria
(Minor Irrigation Schemes)

Each MI scheme should be approved by State TAC

For Special Category states and KBK districts of Odissa :

Individual Scheme having CCA of 10 Ha and a clushter of
schemes within radius of 5Km having CCA of 20 Ha

benefit cost ratio of more than 1 and

The development cost per hectare of the scheme to be <
Rs.2.5lakh. (subject to the condition that funding will be
restricted to a ceiling of Rs.1.5 Lakh / Ha only)

Non--special category states : Individual Scheme having
For Non
CCA of 20 Ha and a clushter of schemes within radius of 5Km
having CCA of 50 Ha Benefitting tribal areas or drought prone
areas,desret prone area and left wing extremist affected area.
21

TERMS OF FUNDING( for Surface

Minor Irrigation Project)
The central assistance will be in the form of central grant for
(i) Ongoing projects -90 90%% central assistance(CA) of project
cost(works Component) in case of special category States,
KBK region of Odissa and Special Area i.e. Major/medium
projects benefiting drought prone area, desert prone area,tribal
area and flood prone area in non special category states
(ii) New Projects - 75 % CA of project cost in Special Area i.e.
Major/medium projects benefiting drought prone area, desert
prone area,tribal area and flood prone area in non special
category states and

22

11
THANK YOU

23

12
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INTRODUCTION

Flood Management - A State Subject

Planning, Investigation & Execution -

State Government/Brahmaputra B.

Appraisal of Schemes – CWC/GFCC

Investment Clearance – Planning Commission

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 23/03/2016 Wed

Flood Management Scheme

Integral part of overall Water Resource
Development

Comprehensive Approach to the Problem of Flood
in the area

Proposal should aim at the Socio-Economic
Development

Should include Land Management, Ecological &
Afforestation aspects, Soil Conservation,
Watershed Management

Schemes should be formulated in coordination
with Railways, NHAI, State Irrigation Department

Different types of works in DPRs

Flood Protection Works – Construction of new
Embankment, Raising & Strengthening of
Embankment, Guide Bunds, Protection Wall

Anti-erosion Works – Revetment/Pitching,

Launching Apron, Spurs, Porcupines

Channel Improvement Works – Pilot Channel

Drainage Improvement Works – Sluices

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 23/03/2016 Wed

Categories of FM Schemes

MINOR SCHEMES – Costing less than Rs.

12.5 Crore

MEDIUM SCHEMES – Costing between

Rs.12.5 Crore to Rs. 25 Crore

MAJOR SCHEMES – Costing more than Rs.

25.00 Crore

Appraisal of Schemes costing more than

Rs. 25.00 crore
 To be prepared by Flood Control Department.
 Approval of State TAC
 Clearance from the SFCB if scheme costs more than
Rs. 30.00 Crore
 Forest Clearance from MoEF for Project costing more
than Rs 100 Crore
 To be submitted to CWC field office

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 23/03/2016 Wed

Continued……

 Detailed examination in specialized Directorate of

CWC after preliminary examination in CWC field
office
 If found viable than put up to Advisory Committee of
MoWR for clearance.
 Investment Clearance is to be obtained from the
Planning Commission.

Flood Management Programme (FMP)

• FMP was launched by the union Government to

provide central assistance to the states for
implementation of FM schemes including anti sea
erosion during XI Plan (2007-12)
• Continued during XII Plan (2012-17) with an outlay of
Rs. 10000 Crore.
• Funding pattern in XII plan
– Non spl. Category states - Cost more than Rs 40
Crore, BC Ratio >1, Funding Ratio – 50:50
– Spl. Category states - Cost more than Rs. 10 Crore,
BC Ratio -> 1, Funding Ratio - 70:30

4
 23/03/2016 Wed

Contd./-
• Funding pattern for restoration of schemes &
catchment area treatment for all the states - 90:10 in
XI Plan
• Now in XII Plan – Central Assistance in these case
would be provided as applicable to respective
category of States
• Spillover works of XI Plan will be funded as per
earlier formula of funding
• Anti-sea erosion works will also covered under FMP
• Central Assistance for Flood Management Scheme
taken up in Integrated Manner

Scope of Funding

Provision for funding of following categories of critical

flood control, river management and anti-sea erosion
works in the country
• River management;
• Flood control;
• Anti-erosion works;
• Drainage development works;
• Flood proofing works;
• Flood prone area development programme in critical regions;
• Restoration of flood control/management works damaged due to force
majeure like conditions(excluding covered under CRF/NCCF);
• Anti-sea erosion works; and
• Catchment area treatment works (promotional in nature on selective basis
with high runoff rate/convergence with similar other works).

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Eligibility Criteria for new Schemes

• For Special Category States: Estimated Cost Rs. 10 crore
and above with B.C. Ratio more than 1.0
(States: NE States, Sikkim, J&K, HP and UK)
• For General / Non-Special Category States: Estimated
Cost Rs. 40 crore and above with B.C. Ratio >1.0
• State Govt. shall ensure inclusion of the scheme in the
State Plan, make requisite budget provision towards
Central as well as State share on annual basis.
• State Governments which adopt Flood Plain Zoning Bill
would be given priority over the other States.
• Recommendation of CWC (GFCC for Ganga Basin) for
inclusion is mandatory for schemes.

Other Important Conditions

• The release of Central Assistance will be made only after
release of corresponding State Share. A certificate to this
effect will have to be given by the Principal Secretary.
• The State Governments shall ensure that the works are
executed in a well planned manner and completed within
the scheduled completion period.
• Progress shall be monitored through CPM/PERT Charts;
which shall be submitted within three months of release of
first installment of central assistance.
• In cases where project completion is delayed due to force
majeure , extension may be considered by IMC-FMP on
merits on the basis of justification by State, views of
appraisal agency and revised investment approval by
Planning Commission.

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Process for funding under FMP

After Investment clearance by the PC , Proforma
(FMP-I) has to be filled up by the state Govt. duly
signed by the Secretary of the WR Dept. for
consideration by the IMC-FMP

After approval of the IMC-FMP , proforma (FMP-IV)
along with necessary certificates are to be submitted
to MoWR for release of Ist installment

Release of Central Assistance

 Central Assistance shall be released in two installment in a
financial year
 First Installment
• Projects receiving assistance up to 50% of project cost, 90% of
central share in the Annual State Budget shall be released on
submission of certificate duly signed by concerned Principle
Secretary that state has released at least 50 % of state share
to the project as provided in Annual State budget.
• Projects receiving assistance higher than 50% of project cost,
50% of central share in the Annual State Budget shall be
released on submission of certificate duly signed by
concerned Principle Secretary that state has released full state
share to the project as provided in Annual State Budget.

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Release of Central Assistance (Contd)

 Second/Subsequent Installment(s)
• In the same financial year, Balance/Second installment shall be
released on submission of Utilisation certificate for utilising
50% of CA released, due recommendation of monitoring
agency, budget provision of state as well as central share,
certificate by Principle Secretary that state has released full
state share to project.

• In the next/subsequent financial year, installment shall be

released on submission of Utilisation certificate for utilising of
full central share others released earlier, due recommendation
of monitoring agency, budget provision of state as well as
central share, certificate by Principle Secretary that state has
released full state share to project

Release of Central Assistance (Contd)

 Reimbursement of Expenditure
• CA towards expenditure incurred in previous year(s) before its
approval by IMC-FMP would not be entertained.
• Actual expenditure in the financial year (yr of approval by
IMC-FMP) or in a year after the approval of project would be
reimbursed on submission of certificate towards actual
expenditure incurred duly countersigned by concerned
Principal Secretary

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Documents for inclusion of Schemes in FMP

• FMP-1
• Clearance from state TAC
• Clearance from state flood control board-for schemes costing
more than 30 cr
• Forest clearance
• Certificate by Chief Engineer-land has been accuired and in
possession of state govt.
• Certificate by CE-the project has not received any financial
assistance in past from any agency of govt of india.
• Certificate by CE- cost of projects is firm and final and
escalation in cost would be borne by state govt.
• Techno-economic viability acceptance of DPR for the projects
by CWC/GFCC/Advisory committee of MOWR.
• Investment clearance by Planning commission
• Assurance from state finance department that requisite funds
would be provided by state as per phasing
• Any other clearance if required.

Documents for Release of Fund

• Approval IMC-FMP
• Recommendation of CWC/GFCC/BB in FMP-4 Performa
• Sate budget allocation
• A certificate duly signed by concerned principal secretary –it has
released its full state share to projects as provided in the annual
budget
• State wise annual ceiling fixed by planning commission under
fmp(to be enclosed by Ganga wing)
 Documents required for subsequent installment -
• Physical and financial progress in FMP-2 and FMP-3
• Utilisation certificate in GFR 19 A
• State budget allocation
• A certificate duly signed by concerned principal secretary –it has
released its full state share to projects as provided in the annual
budget
• Recommendation of CWC/GFCC/BB in FMP-4
• Report of concurrent evaluation by independent agency
• Statement of audited expenditure of central assistance released

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B C Ratio:
. Economic viability judged by Benefit Cost Ratio.
. Last 10 years damage data duly certified by the Revenue
Authority.
. Life of project may be taken as 50 years

B. C. Ratio= Annual Benefits/Annual cost

. Annual cost of flood management as 17% (10%- Interest

Charges +5%- Maintenance +2%- Depreciation) of the capital cost of
the Schemes in case of Anti erosion schemes and 16%(10%-
Interest Charges +4%- Maintenance +2%- Depreciation) in
case of Raising & Strengthening of embankment schemes.
For any scheme to be economically viable, B.C. Ratio should be greater
than 1.

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STATEMENT-‘A’
1. Name of the Scheme (Attach Location map and Index map).
2. Name of river, river basin and district in which the scheme is situated
3. Nature of scheme whether new embankments, raising and strengthening of
existing embankment, drainage, anti-erosion, town protection etc.
4. Length of embankment or drainage channels.
5. Estimated cost.
6. Area benefited.
7. Date of sanction of the scheme
8. Whether inter-state/international aspect of the scheme, if any has been
examined by the State Technical Advisory Committee and, where necessary,
clearance of the CWC/Ganga Flood Control Commission and the Ministry of
Water Resources has been obtained.
9. Status of requisite administrative/statutory clearance.

STATEMENT-‘B’
1. Name of the Scheme (Attach Location map and Index map).
2. Abstract of cost, including foreign exchange components, if any .
3. Skeleton reports.
4. Area and population which will get protected by the project.
5. i) Betterment levy or flood cess, if any proposed for the area to be protected
from floods or water logging or sea-erosion.
ii) Anticipated revenue therefrom.
6. a) Benefit cost ratio
b) Cost per hectares of area protected.
7. The extent to which people’s participation is envisaged for the execution of the schemes
and in what form.
8. Whether inter-state/international aspect of the scheme, if any, has been examined by the
State Technical Advisory Committee and, where necessary, clearance of the CWC/Ganga
Flood Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources has been obtained.
9. Status of requisite administrative/statutory clearance.

11
 Water Body

A water body is a structure where rain water is
accumulated or water is stored by diversion from a
stream , nala or river.

Water bodies serve as storage reservoirs of water in the
monsoon dependent areas of the country where there
exists a shorter period of rainfall and a long dry spell with
very high deviation of annual rainfall.

The small storage tanks are called ponds which are
mostly community owned.

The large storage tanks whose commands varies from 20
to 2000 hectares are generally constructed by govt. or
local bodies.
 Why RRR?
• Agriculture is the main occupation of rural population on India.

• Through the ages, Indian agriculture has been sustained by natural

and man-made water bodies such as lakes, tanks, ponds and similar
structures.

• In India, tanks/ponds and lakes have traditionally played an

important role in conserving water for meeting various needs of the
communities.

• However, many of these water bodies are not in use because of the
development of ground water irrigation systems, inadequate
maintenance, encroachments, illegal diversion of land for
construction and other purpose, etc.

Cond…

Why RRR?

The water bodies have gone into disuse mainly due to
prolonged and continuous neglect of maintenance.

Heavy silting of tank bed, choked up feeder channels,

leaking and weak bund, leaky sluices and dilapidated
surplus weirs and ill maintained distribution channels are
the common deficiencies in the present conditions of these
minor irrigation tanks.

Further, encroachments in tank bund, foreshore, water-

spread and supply channels, deforestation and denudation
in the catchments areas leading to extinction of water
bodies as a whole for housing and urbanisation and
indiscriminate use of tank beds as dumping yards have also
contributed to the deterioration of the water bodies.
 Initiation during Xth Plan

Ministry of Water Resources launched a pilot scheme during X
Plan for Repair, Renovation & Restoration (RRR) of water
bodies.

A pilot scheme, “National Project for Repair, Renovation and
Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies directly linked to
Agriculture” was taken up in January, 2005 for implementation
during the reaming period of Xth plan with an outlay of Rs.300
crores to be shared by Centre and State in the ration of 3:1.

The scheme was sanctioned in respect of 1098 water bodies
in 26 districts of 15 States with a target to create 0.78 lakh ha
of additional irrigation potential.

The aims and objectives of the Pilot Scheme on water bodies
was to restore and augment the storage capacities of water
bodies and to recover and extend their lost irrigation potential.

(X Plan)

Many reputed organisations like WALAMTRARI,

Hyderabad, CWRDM, Kerala, Tamilnadu Agricultural
University, NRSC, Hyderabad, WTC Bhubaneswar etc.
have carried out the Evaluation of the Pilot Scheme:

There is an increase in storage capacity varying from
50% to 83% .

Increased utilisation in Annual irrigation.

Improvement in Socio-economic condition (income and
standard of living etc.) of the people benefitting from the
water body.

The benefits of the scheme of RRR of water bodies
percolated to SC/ST families.
Main objectives of RRR Scheme under XII Plan
(i) Comprehensive improvement and restoration of water bodies
thereby increasing tank storage capacity.
(ii) Ground Water Recharge.
(iii) Increased availability of drinking water.
(iv) Improvement in agriculture/horticulture productivity.
(v) Improvement of catchment areas of tank commands.
(vi) Environmental benefits through improved water use efficiency; by
promotion of conjunctive use of surface and ground water.
(vii) Community participation and self-supporting system for sustainable
management for each water body.
(viii) Capacity Building of communities, in better water management.
(ix) Development of tourism, cultural activities, etc.

Funding Pattern & Eligibility Criteria

Central Assistance(CA) of 90% in the form of

grant for Special Category States
 North-Eastern States including Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &
Kashmir, Uttarakhand and undivided Koraput, Bolangir and
Kalahandi (KBK districts of Orissa)
 Projects lying in Desert Development Programme(DDP), Drought
prone area/Tribal area/Naxal affected area.

Central Assistance(CA) of 25 % in the form of grant

for Non-Special Category States
 Eligibility Criteria For Funding

The water bodies for funding are to be approved by the State
Advisory Technical Committee (TAC) constituted by the State which
includes representative from Central Water Commission (CWC) and
Central Ground Water Board as Member.

The water bodies lying in Desert Development Programme (DDP),

drought prone area/tribal area/Naxal affected area to be taken up will
be decided in consultation with Planning Commission.

The proposals not receiving any other form of financial assistance.

The works shall be completed within 2 financial years excluding the

year of inclusion of water bodies under RRR.

Proposals with B.C. Ratio of 1:0 for special category states/areas

and more than 1.0 for non-special category states.

Eligibility Criteria For Funding

Rural water bodies having minimum water spread area of 5 hectare.

Urban water bodies having water spread area from 2.0 hectare to 10
hectare.

The scheme will emphasize development of catchment area,

desiltation and command area development in respect of water
bodies.

The RRR scheme in rural areas is proposed to be implemented in

convergence with the Integrated Watershed Management
Programme (IWMP) so that the catchment areas of the water body
selected are located either in treated micro/mini watershed or those
selected for treatment during the next.
 Planning of the Projects:
Criteria for identification and Selection of water
bodies

A project may be prepared with an individual water body
with sub-basin approach.

All public and community owned water bodies may be
covered under the project but private owned water bodies
are not covered.

All water bodies included in the project will be given a
Unique Code Number.

States will accordingly undertake census of these water
bodies and get complete list of water bodies along with
Unique Code in the first stage.

Implementation of the Scheme- State Level

A Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) will be constituted by the
State to techno-economically appraise and approve the DPR.

TAC shall also include representative from Central Water

Commission (CWC) and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB).

After approval of the DPR by the State TAC, the State will submit the
DPR to the concerned Regional / Field Office of CWC.

The Field unit, CWC shall scrutinise the DPRs and forward the
proposal along with their recommendations to PPO, CWC, New
Delhi

The concurrent evaluation at the time of implementation would be

got done by State Governments themselves.
 Empowered Committee

The MoWR will coordinate the programme at the
Central Level through Central Water Commission.

The inclusion of the Water Bodies for assistance under

the Scheme would be approved by the Empowered
Committee of MoWR under the Chairmanship of
Secretary/Special Secretary/Additional Secretary
(WR).
PROCEDURE FOR SUBMISSION OF PROPOSALS

At the water body level, the DPRs of the water bodies are to be
prepared by WUA / Local Panchayat / a Government agency
identified by District Level Implementation Agency (DLIA). The
DPRs will then be forwarded to DLIA for onward transmission to
the State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA).

The proposals received by DLIA would be scrutinised, included

in the District Plan and forwarded to State Level Nodal Agency
(SLNA) for putting up to State TAC.

After approval of the DPR by state TAC, the States will submit
DPRs to the field office of Central Water Commission, which in
turn will take further necessary action for release of funds under
the scheme.

RELEASE OF FUNDS
The Central Assistance (CA) will be in the form of central
grant which will be as follows:

For Ongoing projects already under RRR:

90% of project cost in case of special category States, projects
benefiting drought prone area, tribal area and flood prone
area and 25% of project cost in case of Non-special category
States/areas.

For new projects under RRR :
90% of the cost of the project for Special Category States, and
projects benefiting special areas (Naxal affected areas, DPAP
areas, Tribal areas, DDDP area of General Category States and
25% of project cost in case of Non-special category
States/areas.
RELEASE OF FUNDS (contd…)

State government shall keep necessary budget provision for the

total amount of the project cost for both Central and State shares
are to be kept in the State Plan Budget for the relevant year.

State Governments will be required to enter into an MoU with

the MoWR for each individual project under the programme
indicating estimated cost, potential to be restored, year-wise
phasing of expenditure along with the target date of completion.

The State Government shall transfer the Central Grant to the

project implementing authority within 15 days of its release by
the Government of India.

RELEASE OF FUNDS (contd…)

For projects receiving assistance upto 50% of project cost, 90% of
GOI share of funds is to be released after release of at least 50%
State’s share.

For projects receiving assistance higher than 50%, 50% GOI share is
to be released after the State releases its full share.

Balance/ Second instalment of GOI share is to be released after

obtaining Utilization Certificate (UC) of minimum of 50% of GOI
funds released earlier.

For release of 2nd instalment, State Government shall take necessary

steps for declaring the water body boundary through a Government
order and to ensure removal of encroachments in the water body
spread area/water body boundary.
RELEASE OF FUNDS (contd…)

Next year instalment is to be released after obtaining
100% utilization of funds released in the previous year(s).

The Utilization Certificate (UC) shall be issued by the Chief

Engineer of the project and countersigned by Secretary
(Water Resources /Irrigation) / Secretary (Finance) of the
State Government.

The State Government shall provide annual audited

statement of expenditure incurred within 9 months of
release of central grant.

RELEASE OF FUNDS (contd…)

If the State Government fails to comply with the agreed
date of completion, the grant component released will be
treated as loan and recovered as per the usual term of
recovery of the central loan.

The cost at the time of inclusion of any new project in the

scheme of RRR of water bodies will be frozen.

In cases where project completion is delayed due to force

majeure, time extension may be considered for maximum
one year.
Monitoring and Evaluation

Regular monitoring of the project is to be carried out at each
stage. Monitoring would include maintaining of both physical
and financial progress and the outcome. Monitoring would be
done with the association of the Coordination Cell of the State
Govt. and Standing Committee of the Panchayat at the
appropriate level.

The water bodies under RRR would also be monitored
periodically on sample basis by Field Office of Central Water
Commission.

Baseline survey would be conducted before the
commencement of the project execution. Evaluation and
impact assessment of the scheme will be done by
independent agencies to be identified by the Ministry of
Water Resources. Necessary reports and field visits are to be
made on regular basis for the purpose.

Documents/materials required to be sent by the Field unit to CWC

HQ for processing the proposals:

Appraisal Note of each of the water body(in soft and hard copy).

Recommendation of Regional office, CWC. It shall include the

amount of 1st instalment to be released.

Soft copies of each of the water bodies in tabular column format
mentioning the details.

Copy of the Budgetary provision certificate.

State Share release certificate.

IWMP certificate.
 MONITORING OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS
USING BHUVAN WEB SERVICES
Dr R N Sankhua
Director, CWC
New Delhi

INTRODUCTION

Monitoring and evaluation of irrigation projects must play a more important role in the
future if the irrigation management process is to be improved. The process is complex, since a
large number of regular, specific tasks must be performed, both concurrently and
sequentially, and coordinated by a variety of professionals within available time and resource
constraints. For any evaluation to be used, it must be credible- objective, accurate, and fair.
Reports should be clear, unambiguous, balanced in terms of strengths and weaknesses, and
contain justifiable conclusions and recommendations. For monitoring and evaluation to
succeed, irrigation managers need to develop a new evaluative mind-set that enables them to
appraise their projects’ performance objectively, reflect on what has been learned for future
use, and adjust policies on the basis of that knowledge whenever necessary.

The gainful use of high resolution CARTOSAT satellite data for inventory of Irrigation
Infrastructure (canal network, conveyance & distribution system), assessment of progress of
Irrigation works, closer visualization of spatial irrigation utilization patterns, assessing the
impact of irrigation developmental programme on the performance of irrigation command
and to address the performance at Water Users level in the participatory irrigation
management approach.

DEFINITION OF MONITORING AS PER CWC

Monitoring is the process of collecting information about the actual execution of

planned tasks and factors, which might affect their execution; analyzing these in relation to the
plan and exercising control, so that the deviations from the plan are minimal. This helps the
central authorities to assess the real work done up to a time, so that necessary advises can be
given to project authorities.

Page 1
OBJECTIVES OF THIS TRAINING PROGRAMME

i.) Monitoring of Priyadarshini Jurala Project, Andhra Pradesh through spatial

technique
ii.) Digital Image processing involved in the process of monitoring of irrigation projects
through Remote Sensing and GIS
iii.) Assessment of irrigation potential created up to April 2007 using Cartosat high
resolution satellite data and Identification of gap / critical areas in I.P creation
iv.) Inventory and Mapping of Irrigation Infrastructure consisting of canal network, cross
drainage and other irrigation structures
v.) Assessment of Irrigation Potential (I.P) created as on April, 2007 as the data
corresponds to April 2007.

Details of Methodology
Basic approach involved in the study consists of inventory and mapping of existing irrigation
infrastructure viz. canal network, irrigation and other related structures from the Cartosat
satellite data in a irrigation project and comparing with proposed irrigation infrastructure.
Based on the completed irrigation infrastructure derived from the cartosat-1 satellite data and
considering the hydraulic connectivity, the Irrigation Potential created in the project command
is assessed. Brief description of methodological steps involved in the study area given below:

(a) Overview of Methodology

1. Field data collection: Collection of preliminary and detailed field data consisting of map(s)
showing proposed canal network and canal wise CCA/ICA, I.P proposed, I.P created as on March
2009 or any other date as required by the project .

2.Cartosat data acquisition planning and procurement : Preparation of AIBP component

polygon shape file(s) using the field maps to plan for acquisition of fresh Cartosat satellite data

Page 2
during April 2010 - June 2010 for all the projects ( both completed / ongoing) . In case atellite
data is not available, either for total project during the above period, the time window will be
extended beyond Jun, 2011 till it is covered for completely ongoing projects. For completed
projects, in addition to the above, the archived Cartosat data from April 2008 onwards will also
be utilized.
3. Field database creation: Preparation of field database on irrigation infrastructure and
Irrigation Potential information
4. Cartosat database creation: Edge matching and mosaic of Cartosat satellite data tiles and
preparation of satellite database.
5. Geo-database creation: All the vector layers (Irrigation Infrastructure and base layers) along
with attribute information will be developed in GIS environment using geo-database schema
developed for the project.
6. Inventory and mapping of Irrigation Infrastructure and base layers : Identification and
mapping of existing Irrigation Infrastructure consisting of Irrigation canal network up to Minor
/Sub-Minor level, Cross drainage, Irrigation and other structures as on the date of satellite
overpass date. Identification and mapping of base layers consisting of study area boundary,
rivers, streams, roads, railway lines, settlements, balance I.P polygons etc.
7. Assessment of Irrigation Infrastructure and Irrigation Potential created: Comparison of
satellite derived information with proposed Irrigation infrastructure to create planned I.P under
AIBP. Assessment of Irrigation Potential (I.P) created based on the extent of accomplishment in
irrigation canal network creation with hydraulic flow continuity as on the satellite data
acquisition date. Finalization of assessment of I.P created.
8. Ground truth field visit: Conduct of random field visits to check for satellite data
interpretation.
9. Preparations of Outputs: Preparation of output map along with study report; Preparation of
digital data backup for supply to user. Flow chart showing the over view of the methodology is
provided here.

Page 3
Page 4
The Inputs / Parameters required from the field data and satellite data derived irrigation
infrastructure information are:

1. Proposed length of canal.

2. Satellite derived Lengths ; Physical progress of canal construction for the corresponding
canal.
3. Irrigation potential proposed under each canal .
4. Gaps existing in different stretches of the canal network,
- Number of gaps and gap lengths, their chainages – derived hydraulically connected length of a
particular canal .
5. Number of DPOs, their contribution to the irrigation potential as per field data; their
chainages – to assess the hydraulic connectivity .
The steps to be followed for the satellite based assessment of irrigation potential creation:
Irrigation potential assessment is made based on physical status of canal and its hydraulic
connectivity to the source of irrigation. As explained earlier, canal network hierarchy consists of
Main canal – Branch canal-Distributary-Lateral-sub lateral , etc and may vary from one project
to another project. In addition to this, irrigation potential is also created through the Direct Pipe
Outlets (DPOs) from Main canal /Distributary, etc. Various scenarios that one would come
across in different irrigation projects are briefly explained.
(Details of methodology has been described in NRSC manual).

GROUND TRUTH

The ground truth photographs have been taken from the actual site and have been compared
with the corresponding images to have a clear visualization.

CONCLUSION

The endeavour of bringing together the this monitoring of Irrigation projects using online
monitoring, the direction and decisions in this domain will shape our future in monitoring real
time scenario of any irrigation projects with no software cost. The free plug ins can be loaded to
the G-GIS to have a smart way of analyzing things.

Page 5
 23/03/2016 Wed

-Manish Rathore
Deputy Director

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Culturable Command Area (CCA)

The area which can be irrigated from a scheme and is fit
for cultivation.

Gross Irrigated Area

The area irrigated under various crops during a year

Irrigation Potential Created

The total gross area proposed to be irrigated under
different crops during a year

Irrigation Potential Utilised

The gross area actually irrigated during reference year

Minor Irrigation (M.I.) Scheme

CCA up to 2,000 hectares

Medium Irrigation Scheme

CCA more than 2,000 hectares and up to 10,000
hectares

Major Irrigation Scheme

CCA more than 10,000 hectares

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Irrigation projects with Culturable Command Area of less than

2000 hectare are minor irrigation projects

Minor Irrigation contribute a major share in the growing
irrigation across the country

Account for about 65% of the total Irrigation Potential Utilized

Types

Dugwell

Shallow tubewell

Deep tubewell

Surface flow schemes

Surface lift schemes

Advantages

The minor irrigation schemes provide the farmers with
controlled and timely irrigation which the new high
yielding varieties of seeds demand.

Less implementation time required

Involve reasonable investments for their commissioning

If the surface water projects alone are not able to meet
the full demand of water, farmers install wells and tube-
wells in their command area to provide supplementary
irrigation

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Ordinary open wells of varying dimension

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Shall Tubewell - depth < 100 m

Deep Tubewell - depth > 100 m

Use rainwater for irrigation purposes either by storing it or

by diverting it from a stream, nala or river

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In regions where the topography does not permit direct

flow irrigation from rivers and streams, water has to be
lifted into the irrigation channels.

It is similar to diversion schemes, but in addition pumps
are installed and pump houses constructed.

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Implementation of minor irrigation works in States is done by

various departments and organisations under different
developmental programmes.

Government of India is operating a centrally sponsored scheme
“On farm Water Management for increasing Crop Production in
Eastern India” for assistance to small and marginal farmers

Under “Rural Development Programme”, the minor irrigation
works are taken up

The Department of Rural Development, Government of India
operate a centrally sponsored scheme titled “Integrated Rural
Development Programme” (IRDP) under which subsidies are
made available to the farmers for minor irrigation works.

The renovation of tanks and construction of ponds/tanks,

gully, plugging and nala bunding, etc. are also taken up
under various employment generation programmes such
as Jawahar RozgarYojna (Employment Assurance Scheme)

Under the “Drought Prone Area Programme”, about 7.45
lakh square kilometre of area is being benefited (as per the
Annual Report 2003-04)

Minor irrigation works are also taken up as a component of
“Tribal Development Programme”

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Source: 4th Minor Irrigation Census, 2007-09, MoWR, Govt. of India

Total number of MI Schemes throughout India:

About 21 million

Total number of Ground Water Schemes

About 19.75 million

Total number of Surface Water Schemes

About 1.2 million

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Numbers of MI Schemes w.r.t. states

Uttar Pradesh 42.8 Lakh

Andhra Pradesh 23.1 Lakh
Maharashtra 22.7 Lakhs
Tamil Nadu 19.12 lak
Madhya Pradesh 19.06 lakh

Thank You

9
 CROP WATER REQUIREMENT USING CROPWAT AND CLIMWAT

Sunil Kumar, Director

National Water Academy, Pune

Introduction

CROPWAT calculates crop water requirements and irrigation schedules based on the data supplied
by the user. It normally calculates CWR and schedules for one crop, it can also calculate a scheme
supply, which is basically the combined crop water requirements of multiple crops, each with its
individual cropping pattern. In this lecture, we will first input data by going to each individual data
input module and enter new data, or load data from file, or import data from other programmes.
The practical session will demonstrate all the relevant use of CROPWAT, CLIMAT, and CRI software
and the intricacies involved along with the details of Penman, Penman-Montieth methods.

Interacting with CLIMAT2

The input data can be prepared from available literature and CLIMAT2 is sometimes used to access
some data. It provides long-term monthly mean values of seven climatic parameters, namely:

i.) Mean daily maximum temperature in °C

ii.) Mean daily minimum temperature in °C
iii.) Mean relative humidity in %
iv.) Mean wind speed in km/day
v.) Mean sunshine hours per day
vi.) Mean solar radiation in MJ/m2/day
vii.) Monthly rainfall in mm/month

Reference ET calculated with the Penman-Monteith method in mm/day. The data can be extracted
for a single or multiple stations in the format suitable for their use in CROPWAT 8.0. Two files with
the extension ".cli" and ".pen" are created for each selected station. The ".cli" file contains long-
term monthly rainfall data [mm/month]. Additionally, effective rainfall is also included calculated
through the USDA Soil Conservation Service formula.

Page 6
 Fig 1-
CLIMAT2 interface Pune

Fig. 2-
Exporting file from CLIMAT2

Page 7
 Fig 3- Pune met station cli file

The file with the extension ".pen" consists of long-term monthly averages for seven climatic
parameters, namely maximum temp, minimum temp, relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine
hours, radiation balance and reference ET calculated according to the Penman-Monteith method.
This file also contains the coordinates and altitude of the location.

Fig 4- Pune met station .pen file

Lexonomy and definitions

Before we plunge into the software, here we discuss some of the terms and their explanations for
clarity in understanding the software. Let us take an example where the fig below illustrates all.

Page 8
 Fig 5 Concept of terms of RAW/TAW

1.1.1 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)

Evaporation and transpiration occur simultaneously and there is no easy way of distinguishing
between the two processes. Apart from the water availability in the topsoil, the evap from a
cropped soil is mainly determined by the fraction of the solar radiation reaching the soil surface.
This fraction decreases over the growing period as the crop develops and the crop canopy shades
more and more of the ground area. When the crop is small, water is predominately lost by soil
evaporation, but once the crop is well developed and completely covers the soil, transpiration
becomes the main process. The partitioning of evapotranspiration into evaporation and
transpiration is plotted in correspondence to leaf area per unit surface of soil below it. At sowing
nearly 100% of ET comes from evaporation, while at full crop cover more than 90% of ET comes
from transpiration.

Page 9
 Evapotranspiration

During the day water

Plants extract water from
Escapes as vapour to
soil; this water leaves
• an open water plant during the day
surface through the stem &
• the soil leaves
• the leaves and
the stem of the

Effective
root zone

Fig 6 Concept of ET

Page 10
 Differences between (ETo), ETC under standard conditions and Source: FAO Cropwat
crop ET under non-standard conditions (ETc adj). ref manual)

ET0

Kc factor

Ks factor

Fig 7 Concept of ET (from FAO manual)

Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo)

The evapotranspiration rate from a Reference crop not short of water is called the Reference
evapotranspiration (ETo). The reference surface is a hypothetical grass reference crop with specific
characteristics. The reference crop is a hypothetical crop with an assumed height of 0.12 m having a
surface resistance of 70 siemens/m and an albedo of 0.23, closely resembling the evaporation of an
extension surface of green grass of uniform height, actively growing and adequately watered. ETo is
a climatic parameter expressing the evaporation power of the atmosphere. ETc refers to the
evapotranspiration from excellently managed, large, well-watered fields that achieve full
production under the given climatic conditions. Due to sub-optimal crop management and
environmental constraints that affect crop growth and limit evapotranspiration, ETc under non-
standard conditions generally requires a correction. Fig 6 & 7 show the paragraph explanation
above.
The concept of ETo was introduced to study the evaporative demand of the atmosphere
independently of crop type, crop development and management practices. As water is abundantly
available at the reference evapotranspiring surface, soil factors do not affect ETo.
Crop evapotranspiration under standard conditions (ETc) represents the ET from disease-free, well-
fertilized crops, grown in large fields, under optimum soil water conditions, and achieving full
production under the given climatic conditions. The difference in evapotranspiration between the
cropped and reference grass surface is combined into a single crop coefficient (Kc).

ETc = Kc * ETo
Where, Kc is the crop coefficient

Page 11
The Crop coefficient (Kc) integrates the effect of characteristics that distinguish a specific crop from
the Reference crop. According to the Crop coefficient approach, Crop evapotranspiration under
standard conditions (ETc) is calculated by multiplying the Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by the
suitable Kc.

The Crop evapotranspiration under non-standard conditions (ETc adj) is the evapotranspiration
from crops grown under management and environmental conditions that differ from the standard
optimal conditions.

ETc adj due to water shortage is calculated by mean of the Crop water stress coefficient (Ks)
according to the following equation:

ETc adj = ETc * Ks

Ks = (TAW - Dr) / (TAW - RAW)
where:
TAW = Total Available Water,
Dr = Root zone depletion,
RAW = Readily Available Water

The Readily Available Water (RAW) is the fraction of Total Available Water (TAW) that a crop can
extract from the root zone without suffering water stress.
RAW = p * TAW , where p is Critical depletion fraction.

The first one Kc wet is used when there is ponding water on the soil surface while Kc dry is used
when there is no water standing on top of the soil, which is a common situation towards the end of
the late season during the drying out of the soil profile.

Conversion factors for evapotranspiration

depth volume per unit area energy per unit area *
mm day-1 m3 ha-1 day-1 l s-1 ha-1 MJ m-2 day-1

1 mm day-1 1 10 0.116 2.45

3 -1 -1
1 m ha day 0.1 1 0.012 0.245
-1 -1
1 l s ha 8.640 86.40 1 21.17
-2 -1
1 MJ m day 0.408 4.082 0.047 1

Kc for a given crop varies over the crop growing stages, since ground cover, crop height and leaf
area change as the crop develops.

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 1) Initial period (Init): during this period, the leaf area is small, and evapotranspiration is
predominately in the form of soil evaporation. Therefore, the Kc during the initial period is
large when the soil is wet from irrigation or rainfall and is low when the soil surface is dry.
2) Development stage (Deve): as the crop develops and shades more and more the ground,
evaporation becomes more restricted and transpiration gradually becomes the major
process.
3) Mid-season stage (Mid): at this stage the Kc reaches its maximum value.

4) Late season stage (Late): the Kc value at the end of the late season stage reflects crop and
water management practices. This value is high if the crop is frequently irrigated until
harvested fresh. If the crop is allowed to senescence and to dry out in the field before
harvest, the Kc value will be small, due to less efficient stomata conductance of leaf
surfaces.
The Critical depletion fraction (p) represents the critical soil moisture level where first drought
stress occurs affecting crop evapotranspiration and crop production. Values are expressed as a
fraction of Total Available Water (TAW) and normally vary between 0.4 and 0.6, with lower values
taken for sensitive crops with limited rooting systems under high evaporative conditions, and higher
values for deep and densely rooting crops and low evaporation rates.

The Root zone depletion (Dr) represents the water shortage relative to Field Capacity (FC). It can be
expressed as a percentage or in mm over the rooting depth.
Crop Coefficient (Kc)

Crop coefficients vary by type of crop, stage of growth, and geographical region. With the FAO
method, crop coefficients are represented by straight lines connecting four general growth stages,
as indicated in the following figure.

Generalized crop coefficients and crop growth stages

Fig 8 Kc curve

Page 13
 KcValues Growth Stage Description
The average KC value from planting to about 10%
Kc1 Initial
ground cover.
From 10% ground cover to 75% cover or to peak
Kc1-Kc2 Rapid Growth
water use, which ever comes first.
The average value from the end of the rapid
Kc2 Midseason growth stage until water use begins to decline
due to crop aging.
From when KC begins to decline until harvest or
Kc2-Kc3 Late season
when water use ceases or becomes minimal.
The average value at harvest or the end of the
Kc3 Harvest
water use season.

* For the rapid growth and the late season stage, it is assumed that KC values increase or decrease
linearly with time.

Single crop coefficient approach (Kc)

In the single crop coefficient approach, the effect of crop transpiration and soil evaporation are
combined into a single Kc coefficient. The coefficient integrates differences in the soil evaporation
and crop transpiration rate between the crop and the grass reference surface. As soil evaporation
may fluctuate daily as a result of rainfall or irrigation, the single crop coefficient expresses only the
time-averaged but multi-day effects of crop ET.

Page 14
 Fig 8 Concept of Single crop coefficient (source: FAO guideline)

As the single Kc coefficient averages soil evaporation and transpiration, the approach is used to
compute ETc for weekly or longer time periods, although calculations may proceed on a daily time
step. The time-averaged single Kc is used for planning studies and irrigation system design where
the averaged effects of soil wetting are acceptable and relevant. This is the case for surface
irrigation and set sprinkler systems where the time interval between successive irrigation is of
several days, often ten days or more. For typical irrigation water management, the time-averaged
single Kc is valid.

Dual crop coefficient approach (Kc = Kcb + Ke)

Fig 9 Concept of double crop coefficient

In the dual crop coefficient approach, the effects of crop transpiration and soil evaporation are
determined separately. Two coefficients are used: the basal crop coefficient (Kcb) to describe plant
transpiration, and the soil water evaporation coefficient (Ke) to describe evaporation from the soil
surface. The single Kc coefficient is replaced by:

Kc = Kcb + Ke

where, Kcb basal crop coefficient

Ke soil water evaporation coefficient

The basal crop coefficient, Kcb, is defined as the ratio of ETc to ETo when the soil surface layer is dry
but where the average soil water content of the root zone is adequate to sustain full plant
transpiration. The Kcb represents the baseline potential Kc in the absence of the additional effects of
soil wetting by irrigation. The soil evaporation coefficient, Ke, describes the evaporation component
from the soil surface. If the soil is wet following rain or irrigation, Ke may be large. The sum of Kcb
and Ke can never exceed a max value, Kc max, determined by the energy available for ET at the soil

Page 15
surface. As the soil surface becomes drier, Ke becomes smaller and falls to zero when no water is
left for evaporation. The estimation of Ke requires a daily water balance computation for the
calculation of the soil water content remaining in the upper topsoil.

The dual coefficient approach requires more numerical calculations than the procedure using the
single time-averaged Kc coefficient. The dual procedure is bbest
est for real time irrigation scheduling,
for soil water balance computations, and for studies, where effects of day-to-day variations in soil
surface wetness and the resulting impacts on daily ETc, the soil water profile, and deep percolation
fluxes are important.

Determination of crop coefficient has potential advantage for proper irrigation scheduling.

Kc ini for rice for various climatic conditions

Humidity Wind speed

light moderate strong
arid - semi-arid 1.10 1.15 1.20
sub
sub-humid - humid 1.05 1.10 1.15
very humid 1.00 1.05 1.10

(for tw < tl)

tw is the mean interval between wetting events [days] and t1 is the time when stage 1 drying is
completed (t1 = REW/Eso) [days].

Kcmid Calculation (For arid climate):

Kcend Calculation

The flow chart for calculating ET0 is depicted below diagrammatically.

Yield reduction due to soil moisture stress is expressed as a percentage of the maximum production
achievable in the area under optimal conditions. It can be computed with reference to a single
stage of crop cycle or to the whole growing season.

Page 16
Yield reduction is expressed applying the following equation:

(1 - Ya/Ymax) = Ky (1 - ETc adj / ETc)

Where, Ya = Yield achievable under actual conditions
Ymax = Max crop yield under full satisfaction of crop water needs
Ky = Yield response factor
ETc adj = Crop evapotranspiration under non-standard conditions
ETc = Crop evapotranspiration under standard conditions
The response of yield to water supply is quantified through the Yield response factor (Ky) which
relates relative yield decrease to relative evapotranspiration deficit. Water deficit of a given
magnitude, expressed in the ratio Crop evapotranspiration under non standard conditions (ETc adj)
and Crop evapotranspiration under standard conditions (ETc), may either occur continuously over
the total growing period of the crop or it may occur during any one of the individual growth stages.
The details of calculation of single crop coefficient Kc and double crop coefficients will be taken up
in hands-on class.

Factors affecting irrigation requirements by crops

i.) Crop Characteristics
ii.) Surface and sub-surface in and out flows
iii.) Effective Rainfall
Whole area proposed to be irrigated need to be divided into 3 zones taking rainfall,
existing irrigation arrangements and depth of water table into consideration. These
zones are,

(a) Perennial
(b) Non-perennial
(c) Restricted perennial
iv.) Kharif- Rabi ratio
v.) Size of Holding & Family members
vi.) Intensity of irrigation
vii.) Quality of Soil
viii.) Sub-soil Water Table
ix.) Area Proposed under each Crop

Scheduling irrigation

With the advancement of knowledge in the field of soil-plant-atmospheric system several criteria
for scheduling irrigations are available and are being used by investigators and farmers. All the
available criteria can be broadly classified into the following three categories:

Page 17
 Advantages of Irrigation Scheduling

Irrigation scheduling offers several advantages:

a) It enables the farmer to schedule water rotation among the various fields to minimize
crop water stress and maximize yields.

b) It reduces the farmer’s cost of water and labor through fewer irrigations, thereby
making maximum use of soil moisture storage.

c) It lowers fertilizer costs by holding surface runoff and deep percolation (leaching) to a
minimum.

d) It increases net returns by increasing crop yields and crop quality.

e) It minimizes water-logging problems by reducing the drainage requirements.

f) It assists in controlling root zone salinity problems through controlled leaching.

g) It results in additional returns by using the “saved” water to irrigate non-cash crops that
otherwise would not be irrigated during water-short periods.

USING CROPWAT
The main CROPWAT window is portrayed with the menu options as below. Some of the snapshots
taken with the CROPWAT are presented below, however the details of application will be taken up

Page 18
in the class itself. The options of the software are set from Settings menu as shown. The file
extensions used in the software are as below.

.ses - CROPWAT session files

.pen - CLIMWAT database file with monthly climatic (temp) data
.cli - CLIMWAT database file with monthly rainfall data
.pem - monthly ETo climatic data (Penman-Monteith calculations)
.pec - id. but decade data
.ped - id. but daily data
.pmm - CROPWAT file with monthly measured ETo data
.pmc - id. but decade data
.pmd - id. but daily data
.crm - CROPWAT file with monthly rainfall data
.crc - id. but decade data
.crd - id. but daily data
.cro - CROPWAT crop file (dry crop or rice crop)
.soi - CROPWAT soil file
.pat - CROPWAT cropping pattern file
.sch - CROPWAT user adjusted schedule file (stores the irrigation days and net gifts)

All rainfall options refer to the calculation of the Effective rainfall based on the actual rainfall data.
These are the methods out of many provided in the interface.
a) Fixed percentage of rainfall
b) Dependable Rain
c) Empirical formula
d) USDA Soil Conservation Service Method
The climate/ET0 /rainfall/ rice scheduling, non-rice scheduling, land preparation are entered
in this.

Page 19
 Fig 11- Cropwat options setting

Fig 12- Cropwat effective rainfall options

Climate data

Page 20
This module can be selected by clicking on the Climate/ETo icon in the module bar located on the
left of the main CROPWAT window.

Fig 13- Climate data entry from CLIMAT file

Fig 14- Rainfall data entry from rain gauge /IMD sources

Page 21
Fig 15- Crop data entry

Fig 16- Soil data entry

Page 22
Fig 17- Crop Water requirement calculation

Fig 18- Irrigation scheduling

Page 23
 Fig 19- Cropping pattern

Fig 20- Scheme continuous water supply

Page 24
 WEB BASED WATER RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM
(INDIA-WRIS)

1.1 India-WARIS VISION

The National Water Policy (2012) recognizes that development and management of water
resources need to be governed by national perspectives and aims to develop and conserve
the scarce water resources in an integrated and environmentally sound basis. The National
Water Policy 2002 Para 14.0 on Information System reads as -
All hydrological data, other than those classified on national security consideration, should
be in public domain. However, a periodic review for further declassification of data may be
carried out. A National Water Informatics Center should be established to collect, collate and
process hydrologic data regularly from all over the country, conduct the preliminary
processing, and maintain in open and transparent manner on a GIS platform.
In view of the likely climate change, much more data about snow and glaciers, evaporation,
tidal hydrology and hydraulics, river geometry changes, erosion, sedimentation, etc. needs
to be collected. A programme of such data collection needs to be developed and
implemented.
All water related data, like rainfall, snowfall, geo-morphological, climatic, geological, surface
water, ground water, water quality, ecological, water extraction and use, irrigated area,
glaciers, etc., should be integrated with well defined procedures and formats to ensure
online updation and transfer of data to facilitate development of database for informed
decision making in the management of water.
The proposed India-Water Resources Information System (India-WRIS) is envisaged with
following vision –

THE VISION

India–WARIS aims to provide a

‘Single Window solution’ for all water resources
data and information in a
standardized national GIS framework.

It will allow users to

Search, Access, Visualize, Understand and Analyze
comprehensive and contextual water resources data
for assessment, monitoring, planning, development
and finally IWRM.

Page 49
1.2 India-WARIS OBJECTIVES

1. To collate available data from varied sources, generate new databases of

country’s water resources, organize in standardized GIS format and provide a
thin client scalable web-enabled information system.

2. To provide easier and faster access and sharing of nationally consistent and
authentic water resources data through a centralized database and application
server to all water resources departments, organizations, professionals and other
stake holders for IWRM.

3. To provide tools to create value added maps by way of multi-layer stacking of

GIS databases so as to provide integrated view to the water resources issues.

4. To provide foundation for advanced modeling purposes and future SDSS

including automated data collection system.

Spatial Decision Support Systems specially targeted towards near real time problem solving
demands require large amount of dynamic data at higher scale, which becomes increasingly
complex in the initial stage. However, once the all the resources are pulled together and a
centralized data repository is established the initial information system could be slowly
further developed towards SDSS with application specific models. Hence, efforts right now
will be to put Web Enabled Information System in place with centralized server.

The system will be primarily aimed at organizing the varied databases on common platform
with standards defined for each of the database layer and further providing the user friendly
interface to Geo-Visualize the diversified data. The system will employ Geo-visualization
Page 50
strategy to view data at user specified scale and also in automated fashion to match the
View as per the scale requirements. As the viewing scale changes the viewer contents will
also change as per scale. The system will allow to stack multiple GIS layers and will provide
flexible switching operations to the user for desired layer selection. System will provide ways
to generate value added maps and will allow to have insight into the databases. Information
system hence will allow to aesthetic display, layer stacking, query, pan/zoom operations and
area of interest operations, basic report generation, printing etc.

1.3 SYSTEM ARHITECTURE OF India-WARIS

As decided by CWC, India-WARIS will be a client server system with server side processing.
The server-side approach uses a thin client and most of the processing, including spatial
data access and manipulation is performed on the server side. The resulting information and
image objects are then sent to the clients to be rendered. The server-side Web enabled
information system requires only a browser installed on the client machine to carryout tasks.
However, every user action requires communication between the client and the server.

The server side environment typically will include a web server (Apache, IIS etc.) and a map
server (ArcGIS Server) that will provide GIS services. The map server software establishes
a common platform for the exchange of web-enabled GIS data and services. The web
server transfers spatial and non-spatial data between the client side (Web browser) and the
map server through sockets. The client side user interface will be developed using Industry

Page 51
Standard Languages and web technologies provided by ArcGIS server Application
Development Framework (ADF).

ArcGIS Server is an open, flexible, and scalable technology that runs on industry-standard
IT infrastructure and supports geospatial Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) initiatives.
ArcGIS Desktop software complements ArcGIS Server by acting as a means of authoring,
configuring, and maintaining data, models, and applications. This authored content can be
published via ArcGIS Server, which provides the technology foundation for organizations to
build and implement GIS-based Web services.

Page 52
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The project envisages 30 Major spatial layers (Annexure – I) grouped under 5 heads
& the report generation.
1. Watershed atlas (Basin maps – Basin, sub-basin, catchment, Watershed, River
network, Digital Elevation Map)

2. Administrative layers (International, State, District, Tehsil / taluk, Village

Boundary, Town / Villages location and extent, Infrastructure layers, Major Tourist
Stations on River banks, Major water sanctuaries, Major Waterfalls & other
environmental issues)

3. Water resources projects (Location of Major & Medium, Location of

Hydroelectric projects, Location of Multipurpose projects, Major and medium
Irrigation project command boundaries, Canal network, Waterlogged and salt
affected area, soil sample)

4. Thematic layers ( Water bodies, Landuse landcover, snow cover area,

Groundwater well and its analyses, litholog data, land degradation, wasteland map,
Drought prone area, Flood inundation map, Interbasin transfer links, inland
navigation )

5. Environment data ( Rainfall station, G&D station, Water quality station, climatic
layer)

Page 53
1.5 WEB ENABLED India-WARIS – PROPOSED FACILITIES
The user requirements, data types and required tools for decision support have been arrived
through discussions and as of now, following facilities are proposed in India-WARIS:
Table 4: Facilities in India-WARIS

SN Broad level facilities

1. Mapping tools
• Rendering of static styled maps with roaming, zoom-in and zoon-out facilities.
Map tips to get information about any spatial unit on display on available
database fields.
• Multi-layer visual overlays for value added maps generation
• Annotation on the maps through a database field and as graphic tools for map
creation.
2. Data visualization tools
• Non-spatial data visualization for viewing spatial patterns
• Visualization of non-spatial data in various ways to create environment for
visual analysis of data and trigger decisions.
• Generation of bar chart / pie chart from tabular data for data
3. Query and discovery tools
• Aim and shoot query to provide user required results through a single or stack
of layers on the display.
• Logical query through ‘software provided forms’ on thematic and other layers
• Provide querying on single database layer
• Stacking of query outputs with for visual analysis
• Provide ways to discover the data
4. Contextual tools
• Vertical context by multi-layer stacking and identification tools and with layer
transparency management

5. Analysis tools
• Multi-layer logical queries and unit-wise area / length statistics generation
• Tools to facilitate analysis in other suitable packages providing open format
inputs.
• Multi-theme based analysis based on intra-theme and inter-theme weight-ages
as desired by CWC
6. Metadata / info tools
• Metadata for the all the available data in central server
• Information on projects / works of the stakeholders as provided by CEC
7. Reporting tools
• Generation of printable maps using standard map layout with various map
elements.
• Creation of area statistics report.

54
1.6 DATABASE STANDARDS

The Database Standards for Spatial and Non-Spatial Data: Standards are fundamental
requirement for the GIS based information system. These standards enable technologies –
imaging, GIS, GPS and applications – thematic mapping, services and outputs etc to work
together. Standards are important not only to facilitate data sharing and increase interoperability,
as is understood from many international efforts, but also to bring a systematization and
“automation” into the total process of mapping and GIS itself. ISRO / DOS has put enormous
amount of efforts and prepared the NNRMS standards for most of the thematic data. However all
the new elements, which are not covered in earlier standards, will be standardized on the same
guidelines as NNRMS standards. With regard to non-spatial data, this project will have enormous
amount of such data, which will be standardized. Database table names and their linkage with
corresponding spatial layer, database field type and structure of non-spatial database will be
addressed by the small working level group of CWC and ISRO scientists.

Metadata Standards: The Metadata standards contain a set of relational tables that standardize
the layer Metadata, the geographic search metadata, the access metadata etc. The NNRMS
Metadata Standards will be followed for each of the database components.

Datum and projection: The project envisages WGS-84 datum and UTM projection for individual
states and WGS-84 datum and LCC projection for entire country mosaic data.

Scale: All database creation under India-WRIS is proposed at 1:50,000 scale.

55
1.7 User of India-WRIS:

There could be three categories of users and datasets, namely -

General user : Public domain fast track system – all users will be able to the visit website
and get the snapshots of the outcome of the project on reduced scale with limited access
to the database.
Registered user : Public domain user registered with Login and Password. Registered
user can download the data and create customize maps.
Premium user : This category of user will be able to get the access to the India-WRIS web
application with the visualization of selected database and tools.

1.8 Status of Development of WRIS:

Central Water Commission (CWC), MoWR, initiated the project ‘Generation of Database
and Implementation of Web enabled Water Resources Information System named as
India –WRIS in XI plan. WRIS has been jointly formulated by CWC and ISRO to
generate nationally consistent water resources database to be completed by December
2012. The MOU was signed with ISRO in December 2008. Hon’ble Minister for Water
Resources launched the first version during December 2010. The URL of the website is
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in. The current version is 4.0, which contains around 95 GIS
layers and is on 1:250K scale (Public domain).

56
 Annexure – I

S.No Name of GIS layer

1 Basin, sub basin, catchment, water shed
2 River network
3 Digital Elevation model
4 Administrative boundary like International, state, district & block
boundary
5 Village boundary
6 Town/village location and extent
7 Road network
8 Major tourist station
9 Location of major & medium irrigation projects
10 Location of Hydroelectric project
11 Location of multipurpose projects
12 Major & medium irrigation command boundary
13 Waterlogged and salt affected area in major & medium command
14 Soil samples of major & medium irrigation project command
15 Canal network
16 Surface water bodies
17 Ground water observation well location & data
18 Litholog data with aquifer data
19 Landuse/land cover
20 Land degradation
21 Wasteland map
22 Snow cover area
23 Flood inundation map
24 Drought prone area map
25 Inland navigation waterways
26 Inter-basin transfer link as per NWDA
27 Hydro-meteorological (Gauge & Discharge) sites of CWC
28 Meteorological station of IMD & CWC
29 Climate related data
30 Pollution monitoring station/water quality station of CWC

57