Time Current Characteristics of Fuse Using ETAP

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology

Hamdard University
LAB#11
To study time current characteristics of Fuse using ETAP
OBJECTIVE
To model a power system on ETAP having fuse protection and study its response characteristic
THEORY
The fuse is an electronic device, which is used to protect circuits from over current, overload and make
sure the protection of the circuit.
Fuse consists of a low resistance metallic wire enclosed in a non combustible material. Whenever a short
circuit, over current or mismatched load connection occurs, then the thin wire inside the fuse melts
because of the heat generated by the heavy current flowing through it. Therefore, it disconnects the power
supply from the connected system. In normal operation of the circuit, fuse wire is just a very low
resistance component and does not affect the normal operation of the system connected to the power
supply.
Types of Fuses:
Fuses can be divided into two main categories according to the type of input supply voltage.
AC fuses
DC fuses
AC and DC Fuses:
There is a little difference between AC and DC Fuses used in the AC and DC Systems.
In a DC system, when the metallic wire Melts because of the heat generated by the over current, then Arc
is produced and it is very difficult to extinct this arc because of DC constant value. So in order to
minimize the fuse arcing, DC fuse are little bigger than an AC fuse which increase the distance between
the electrodes to reduce the arc in the Fuse. On the other hand, i.e. in the AC system, voltage with 60Hz
or 50Hz frequency changes it amplitude from zero to 60 times every second, so arc can be
extinct easily as compared to DC. Therefore, AC fuses are little bit small in sizes as compared to DC
fuses.
Fuses can also be categorized based on one time or multiple Operations.
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University
Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
Hamdard University
1) One time use only Fuse 2) Resettable Fuses
One time use only Fuse
One time use fuses contain a metallic wire, which burns out, when an over current, over load or
mismatched load connect event occur, user has to manually replace these fuses, switch fuses are cheap
and widely used in almost all the electronics and electrical systems.
Such types of fuses can be categorized on the following basis.
 Current carrying Capacity of Fuse

 Breaking capacity
 I2t value of Fuse
 Response Characteristic
 Rated voltage of Fuse
 Packaging Size
Fuse Current Carrying Capacity:

Current carrying capacity is the amount of current which a fuse can easily conduct without interrupting
the circuit.
Breaking capacity:
The value of maximum current that can safely be interrupted by the Fuse is called Breaking Capacity and
should be higher than the prospective short circuit current.
I2t value of Fuse
The I2t terms related to fuse normally used in short circuit condition. It is the amount of energy which
carry the fuse element when the electrical fault is cleared by fuse element.
Response Characteristics of Fuse:

The speed at which fuse blows, depend on the amount of current flowing through its wire. The higher the
current flowing through the wire, faster will be the response time.
Response characteristic shows the response time for over current event. Fuses which respond rapidly to
the over current situation is called ultra-fast fuses or Fast fuses. They are used in many semiconductor
devices because semiconductor devices damaged by over current very rapidly.
Hamdard University
There is another fuse which Is called Slow burn fuse, switch fuses do not respond rapidly to the over
current event, but blow after several seconds of over current occurrence. Such fuses found their
application in motor control electronics systems because motor takes a lot more current at starting than
running.
Rated Voltage of Fuse:

Each fuse has maximum allowed voltage rating, for example, if a fuse is designed for 32 volts it cannot
be used with 220 volts, different amount of isolation is required in different fuses working on different
voltage levels.
Packaging size:
As we have mentioned above that AC and DC fuses, have a little bit different packaging type, in the same
way different application requires different packages to be used accurately in the circuit.
Other factors and parameters are marking, temperature de-rating, voltage drop and speed etc.
Typical Uses and Applications of fuses:

Electronic Fuses can be used in all types of electrical and electronic applications including:
 Motors
 Air-conditions
 Home distribution boards
 General electrical appliances and devices
 Laptops
 Cell phones
 Game systems
 Printers
 Digital cameras
 DVD players
 Portable Electronics
 LCD monitors
 Scanners

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 Battery packs
 Hard disk drives
 Power convertors
PROCEDURE:
 Open the ETAP software in the pc.

 On the right hand side of the software equipment are present.
 Construct the circuit as shown in circuit diagram in “Edit mode” tab.
 Click on the star protective devices icon present at the top of the edit mode.
 Then select a part of the circuit and click on the star view at right.

Hamdard University
LAB TASK
Design the following Electrical Power System using ETAP and study TCC curve of Fuse. Attach
the TCC curve and explain its working.

Hamdard University
1. Power Grid --- 200MVASc X/R=5
2. Buses
Bus1 ---- 12.47kV
Bus2 ---- 12.47KV
Bus3 ---- 0.48KV
3. CT1 300:5
CT2 ABB 300:5
4. OCR GE Multilin
735/737 1.Add circuit breaker.
2.choose any type of
relay
TCC KA
Phase-12.47
5. Cable (Lib-220)
ICEA 1.length-100
6. Fuse Seimens Tolerance-0
A500-2.54KV
7. Transformer 1000KVA
Pri-12.47KV Impedance –typical
Sec-0.48KV Z&X/R ratio
POWER-
1000KVA
8. CB1 Siemen Allis

CB2 LA-1600A
Siemens
Static-Trip III
9. Synchronous Lib 1HP 2HP

motor 0.46KV(MTR) 0.46KV

Hamdard University
Learning Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the lab, students will be able to:
 LO1: To learn about the operation of Fuse using its TCC curve
 LO2: Comparing the TCC curves of OCR, MCB and fuse
Lab Report:
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What are the different types of fuses discussed in the document?

What are the different types of fuses discussed in the document?

What are the factors that determine the current carrying capacity of a fuse?

What are the factors that determine the current carrying capacity of a fuse?

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology

1) One time use only Fuse 2) Resettable Fuses

One time use only Fuse

 Current carrying Capacity of Fuse

Fuse Current Carrying Capacity:

I2t value of Fuse

Response Characteristics of Fuse:

Rated Voltage of Fuse:

Typical Uses and Applications of fuses:

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

 Open the ETAP software in the pc.

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

1. Power Grid --- 200MVASc X/R=5

8. CB1 Siemen Allis

9. Synchronous Lib 1HP 2HP

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

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