Build English Competence

For Grade 8
Second Semester

The writer : Kamas Tontowi. S.Pd. M.Pd

 List of Contents
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Degrees of Comparisons
4. Simple Past Tense
5. Understanding Recount Text
6. Creating Recount
7. Announcement
8. Notice
9. Song
 1 I am a football player

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this section you are hoped to remember, understand,

aplicate, and create about Simple Present Tense

LISTENING
Activity 1 Listen to the dialogues below

Dialogue one

Reni : Hi Dani, what do you usually do in the morning?

Dani : Hi Rendi, I usually take a bath at five thirty. And then I go
to school at six o clock. What about you?
Reni : I always wake up at four thirty. I help my mother in the
kitchen and sweep the floor. After that I take a bath at five
thirty. I go to school with my father.
Dani : Where does your father work?
Reni : He works at the farm. He is a farmer. He plants rice at the
farm. What about you?
Dani : I go to school on foot. My house is not far from school. My
father is a sailor. He goes to the Blado beach at afternoon.

Dialogue two

Fina : Hello Veni. Look. The sun rises beautifully.

Veni : You are right. I am happy now
Fina : This morning the sun shines so bright.
Veni : Usually it rains in the morning.
Fina : It is good time to wash our clothes.
Veni : Do you usually wash your clothes?
Fina : Of course. I do it by myself. What about you?
Veni : I usually send my clothes to my neighbour.
Fina : You are lucky.

Activity 2 Listen and fill in the spaces

Johny : Good morning Dini

Dini : Good morning

 Johny : You are OSIS leader. Congratulation. You must be busy.
What are your activities?

Dini : (1)........................................................... And then I help my

mother to cooks at the kitchen. I go to the school with my
father. He goes to farm at six o’ clock. It is the same with
you. I go home at three o clock in the afternoon. My father
always takes me from school. What about your activities?

Johny : .............................................................. I join with my sister

jogging. She always asks me jogging. And then we go to
school. She studies at Senior High School

Dini : Do you usually clean your house?

Johny : ................................................................ I help him sweeping the

floor. What do you do after school?

Dini : I read the lesson from school, after that I play volleyball
and then I always go to the mosque at four p.m.

SPEAKING
Activity 3 Discuss with your friends and write Johny and Dini’s
activities

Dini’s activities Johny’s activities

Activity 4 Practice the dialogue between John and Riko below

with your friends

Hi John. What time do

you go to work? Hi Riko, I always go
 to work at 06.00.
And you?
I go out at 06. 30.
The traffic jams
everyday.
Yes. I see many cars
in the street

Activity 5 Discuss the explanation below with your friend

Read again activity 3. In this dialogue Riko and John tell a their
activities going to work. In daily activity, we often talk about regular
activity, habits, fact, opinion, feeling or emotions, general fact or
something in present time like the sentence below.

I always go to works at 06.00

The traffic jams everyday.

The sentences above written in simple present tense. Simple present

tense is used to :

1. express general fact

for example :
 The sun rises from the east
 Penguins live in the Antarctic
2. describe habits and events that used adverbs of frequency
for example :
 The students always go to Jogja every years
 My father often goes to work at 06.30

3. give opinion
 for example :
 I think it is better for public people to use public
tranportation.
 In my opinion Borrobudur temple is the biggest temple in
the world

A. Simple Present Tense + To be

1. Positive Sentence
Subject + to be + object
He/she/it is at home
I am at home
We/they/you are at home

2. Negative Sentence
Subject + to be + not + object
He/she/it is not at home
I am not at home

You/They/we are not at home

3. Interrogative Sentence
To be + subject + object
Is she/he/it at home
Are you/we/they at home
Am I at home
B. Simple Present Tense + Verb
1. Positive sentence
Subject + verb + object

I/You/we/they go to school

Subject + verb + s/es + object

 He/She/it eats at home

2. Negative sentence
Subject + do not + verb base + object
They/we I/you do not go to school
Subject + does not + verb base + object
He/She/it does not eat at home

3. Interrogative sentence
Do + Subject + verb base + object
Do I/we/they/you go to school ?
Does + Subject + verb base + object

Does he/it/she go to school ?

You put –s at the end of the verb when subjects are he, she it and singular
nouns.

a. The verbs ended -s, sh, ch and x is added –es, for example :
Rina passes the examination
My mother washes the clothes
b. The verbs ended “y” and there is a consonant before it like study,
fly, so the “y is changed into i and added es for example :
Gilang studies
The bird flies

c. If the verbs ended y and there are vowel ( a, i, u, e, o) before it, like
play, say, buy, so “y” is added by s for axample :
She buys newspaper every Sundays
Minto plays football in the yard

d. The verbs ended o and there is consonant before like go, do, it
must be added “es”
 She does the homework
Rita goes to school

C. Adverb of Frequency

Sometime we talk about how often something happens. To talk about it

we use adverb of frequency.

Subject Adverb of Frequency Verb

I sometimes walk to school

You usually go to prigi

We always play football

They often come to my house

He rarely eats at restaurant

She seldom visits tourism places

It never talks to me

D. Pronoun
Pronoun has four kinds. They are :
1. Personal pronoun
Personal pronoun has subject and object position.
a. Subject pronoun
Subject pronoun is placed before verb, for example:
I eat mango
We clean the floor
You open the window
He come to my house

b. Object pronoun
 Object pronoun is placed after verb, for example :
They call me
I look for you
Farid sees them
I look it
You see us

Subject Object
He Him
She Her
It It
I Me
They Them
we Us
you you

2. Possesive and adjective pronoun

Possesive and adjective have the same function. They are for
the ownership but it has different. On possessive adjective is
followed by noun but possessive pronoun is not followed by noun.

Pronoun Possessive pronoun Adjective pronoun

I My Mine
You Your Yours
We Our Ours
They Their Theirs
He His His
 She Her Hers
It Its Its

a. Possessive adjective
This is my car
Those are their books
That is your table

b. Possessive pronoun
This car is mine
That table is yours

That glass is ours

The radio is his

READING
Activity 6 Read again activity one with your friends

Activity 7 Read to the text below

Football
Football is a popular sport in the world. In USA it is called
soccer. This game is played by two teams. Every team has eleven
players. The front players are called strikers. Striker consists one
or two players. Their duties are to make scores as much as
possible. Behind a strikers there are players called midfilders.
Their duties are to controll the game and attack the the other team.
They have three to four players. After the midfilders are defenders.
They have duties to defend the attack. The last is goal keeper. He
has to keep the goal safe. Every team is controlled by a coach.
Activity 8 Answer the questions below

1. What is the most popular sport in the world?

2. What do the strikers have to do?
3. What are midfilders’s duties?
4. How does a coach controll the game?
5. Do you like football?
6. Who is your favourite player?
7. Why do you like him?
8. What country does have your favourite league?
9. What is your opinion about your favourite league?
10. What would result if there are not supporters in tribune?

WRITING
Activity 9 Change the sentences below into positive, negative
or interrogative sentences

1. He gets up at 6 am (+)
........................................................................................... ( - )
........................................................................................... ( ? )
2. My father doesn’t sweep the floor everyday (-)
.......................................................................................... (+)
.......................................................................................... (?)

3. Does she buy food at the restaurant?

.......................................................................................... (+)
.......................................................................................... (?)

4. They always come to the classroom on time (+)

.......................................................................................... (-)
.......................................................................................... (?)
 5. Do we stay up late everyday ? (?)
.............................................................................................. (+)
.............................................................................................. (- )

Activity 10 Find ten classmates and write their activities

No Name Activities
1 Riko He always plays football in the afternoon
2
3
4
5
6

2 WE ARE WATCHING BEACH

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this section you are hoped to remember, understand,

aplicate, and create about present continuous tense.

LISTENING

Activity 1 Listen to the dialogues below.

Dialogue 1

Andi : Good morning Anto. How are you?

Anto : Hello Andi. Good morning. I am fine, thanks. What about you?

Andi : I am fine too. You look busy. What are you doing here?
 Anto : I am with Rina. We are searching for Kuntowijoyo’s book.

Andi : What kind of book is it?

Anto : It is an essay book.

Andi : I like Kuntowijoyo’s book.

Anto : Are you sure? What kind of book is it?

Andi : Look! I am borrowing novel book written by Kuntowijoyo.

Dialogue 2

Fandi : Hi Rina, what are you buying here now?

Rina : Hi Fandi. I am helping Mom. She is selling fruits.

Fandi : What do you sell?

Rina : We have many kinds of fruits.

Fandi : Really?

Rina : Yeah. And you? What are you doing here?

Fandi : Oh. I and my Dad are looking for carrots. I need it.

Rina : What is it for?

Fandi : My eyes are sick.

Rina : What a considence.We have a lot of carrots. You can see there.

Activity 2 Listen and fill in the spaces

How are you Mom?

kamastontowi@yahoo.com Thursday 12.00 pm.

To lusiiramana@rocketmail.com

How are you, Mom? I miss you so much. We are not going anywhere this
morning. We .............. at Gajah Mada hotel. I see everybody is busy.
They .............. themselves. Faris and Farid ............. Randi .............. toys.
Nyoman and Rocki are swimming. Dandi is doing an exercise at the hotel
gym. I .............novel now. I am at the swimming pool. We will come back at
twelve this afternoon. I can’t wait to see you, Mom.

Kamas
 SPEAKING

Activity 3 Discuss with your friend and write Kamas and

family’s activities.

Kamas Family They are staying at the Gajahmada hotel

Everybody
Faris and Farid
Randi
Nyoman and Rocky
Dandi
Kamas

Activity 4 Discuss with your friends

The following sentences are from dialogue one. Discuss the patterns :

1. We are searching for Kuntowijoyo’s book.

2. I am borrowing novel book
3. I am helping Mom.
4. She is selling fruits.
5. I and my Dad are looking for carrots

Activity 5 Practice the dialogue between Mr. Kamas, Mr. Ratno

and Mr. Mulyani below with your friends

What are you doing at school Sir?

I am waiting for
my son. And you? I am looking for my friend

Activity 6 Read the following explanations

LEARNING MATERIAL

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Look at activity 4. The dialogue says Mr. Kamas is asking to Mr.

Mulyani what he is doing at the school at this time. Mr. Mulyani says
that he is waiting for his son. Mr. Mulyani asks Mr. Ratno what he is
doing and Mr. Ratno says he is looking for a friend. To express asking
and telling what is happening we can use Present Continuous Tense.
We use Present Continuous Tense to describe something what is
happening at present. For example:

 Look! They are playing soccer.

 The students are reading novel book.

The pattern :
1. Positive Form

Subject To be Verb-ing
I am sitting
He
 She is sitting
It
We
You are sitting
They

2. Negative Form

Subject To be Verb-ing
I am not sitting
He
She is not sitting
It
We
You are not sitting
They

3. Interrogative form

Subject To be Verb-ing
I am not sitting
He
She is not sitting
It
We
You are not sitting
They

READING
Activity 7 Complete the following dialogue
 Andi : Look! What are the Scout doing?

Anto : .................................................................

Dewi : What are the children doing?

Ando : ............................................................

Winda : What is Nuha doing?

Dedi : ...........................................

Deni : Look! What is the police doing?

Yudi : ...............................................................

Activity 8
LEARNING MATERIAL

SINGULAR AND PLURAL

In daily life we often tells about nouns, for example ;

 She is selling fruits

 We are looking for carrots
 I am borrowing novel book

Fruits carrots and book are noun. Noun are devided into two.
Singular and Plural. Singular means one. The noun is only one. Plural
means more than one. It can be two, three, four, five or more. There
are two ways to make singular to plural form, they are :
Regular plural
Irregular plural

A. Regular plural
Most regular plural is formed by added –S for example :
two books
three tables
four bags

Different from it, some nouns are formed by added –ES. For
example :
1. The nouns are lasted with hiss sound, -s, sh, ch, x, and z.
Class = classes
Brush = brushes
Box = boxes
Watch = watches
 2. Nous are lasted Y. The alphabet Y is changed into –ies. For
example :
Dictionary = dictionaries
Baby = babies
Fly = flies

3. Nouns are lasted y and there is consonant before. For example:

Boy = boys
Monkey = monkeys
Toy = toys

4. Nouns are lasted o and there is consonant before. It is not

natural things. For example :
Photo = photos
Piano = pianos
Dynamo = dynamos
5. Nouns are lasted o and there is consonant before. It is natural
things. For example :
Potato = potatoes
Mango = mangoes
Volcano = volcanoes

6. Noun are lasted with F or EF. It is added by VES

Chief = chieves
Knife = knives
Wife = wives
Wolf = wolves
Wave = waves

B. Irregular Plural
 Irregular plural does not have basic rules. It is often changed.
1. It changes on vocal alphabets, for example :
Man = men
Woman = women
Foot = feet
Goose = geese
Louse = lice
Mouse = mice

2. The noun is added by en, for example :

Child = children
Ox = oxen

3. Plural and singular have the same word, for example :

Deer = deer
Sheep = sheep
Fish = fish
Swine = swine

.WRITING
Activity 9 Convert each singular noun to plural

1. Board ................................. 8. Dictionary .................................

2. Customer ................................. 9. Baby .................................
3. Order ................................. 10. Fly .................................
4. Power ................................. 11. Bakery .................................
5. Marble ................................. 12. Berry .................................
6. Country ................................. 13. Toy .................................
7. Empty ................................. 14. Boy ................................
15. Monkey ................................ 31. Brush ................................
16. Tray ................................ 32. Watch ................................
17. Mango ................................ 33. Wish .................................
18. Potato ................................ 34. Box ................................
19. Volcano ................................ 35. Quiz .................................
20. Photo ................................ 36. Man ................................
21. Dynamo ................................ 37. Woman ................................
22. Radio ................................ 38. Foot ................................
23. Motto ................................ 39. Goose ................................
24. Calf ................................ 40. Louse ................................
25. Knive ................................ 41. Mouse ................................
26. Leaf ................................ 42. Child ................................
27. Wife ................................ 43. Ox ................................
28. Wolf ................................ 44. Deer ...............................
29. Wave ................................ 45. Sheep ................................
30. Class ................................ 46. Fish ................................

2 I STUDY HARDER
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
In this section you are hoped to remember, understand,
aplicate, and create about Degrees of Comparison