UNIT 1: Introductory section of English

A. The Alphabets
1. English alphabets

Example: How do you spell your name?

Officer : What’s your name?
Susan : Susan
Officer : What’s your last name?
Susan : Melnitz
Officer : How do you spell that?
Susan : M-E-L-N-I-T-Z

Activity 1
a. How do you spell your full name?
b. How do you spell your father’s name?
c. How do you spell your mother’s name?
d. What is your favorite song? How do you spell it?
2. Phonetic symbols
 B. Grammar in focus

 Simple present tense

We use the present simple to talk about things in general such as facts, events that
happen as a habit or something happens all the time or repeatedly.
Fact : the sun rises in the east.
Habit : I get up at 5 o’clock every morning.
Repeatedly : I usually go away at weekends.

Negative sentences in the simple present tense are formed with don’t or doesn’t.
Questions in the simple present tense are formed with do or does.

The patterns:
(+) S + V1 + O
( - ) S + don’t/doesn’t + O
( ? ) Do/does + S + V1

If the subject is a third person singular, we add –s or –es after the verb.
If a verb ends in y preceded by consonant, we change the y to i and add –es.
Ex: I study, He studies.

If a verb ends in o, we add –es.

Ex: I go, He goes.

If a verb ends in s, sh, ch, x, or z, we add –es.

Ex: I watch, She watches.

Exercise : put the verb into the correct form

1. Ann ……… (speak) German very well.

2. I never …………… (drink) coffee.
3. Bees …………… (eat) honey.
4. Bad driving ………… (cause) many accidents.
5. My parents ………….. (live) in a very small flat.
6. A liar is someone who ……….. (not/tell) the truth.
7. An atheist ………… (not/believe) in god.
8. The earth ………. (go) round the sun.
9. An interpreter ………….. (translate) from one language into another.
10. The general election …………….. (take place) every five years.
 How my mom spends her day

I think my mother spends all her time taking care of my father, my sisters, and I. She
seems to have no time for herself. She usually wakes up at 5 o’clock in the morning, and then
goes straight to the kitchen to prepare breakfast for the family. She always prepares delicious
nutritious meals for us.

After that, she helps us prepare ourselves to go to school or college. Then, at 6.30, we
all leave home, and my mother is left alone in the house. However, she doesn’t rest and relax
all day. She has to cook lunch and dinner for us, clean the house, and do many other household
chores. All we know is that when we get home, we are welcomed by a clean and comfortable
home.
 Unit 2 : How’s life ?

A. Greeting people
-Hello (X). How are you?
-Good morning/afternoon/evening (X). How are you? <slightly formal>

things?
-Hi (X). How are you doing? <informal>
you keeping?

B. Answering greeting

-Very well, thank you. How are you?

-Fine, thanks. And you? <slightly formal>

C. Greeting guests
-Good morning. I’m so pleased you could come / It’s so nice of you to come. <slightly
formal>
- Hi. Nice to see you. <informal>

D. Answering greetings to a guests

-It was very kind of you to invite me/us.
-thanks for asking me/us. <slightly informal>
-Hi. <direct:informal>
-Hello. <direct:informal>
E. Introducing people
-X this is Y. Y this is + information
-X may I introduce / I’d like you to meet Y. Y is + information. <slightly formal>

F. Answering Introduction
-Hello!
-Pleased to meet you.
-How do you do? <slightly formal>
-Hi!

G. Introducing yourself.
-Hello. My name’s X. I’m + information
-Good morning. Allow me to introduce myself. My name’s X. I’m + information
<formal>
-Hi! I’m X. I’m + information.
H. Meeting people unexpectedly

- Well, hello (X). This is a pleasant surprise. How are you?

- Hi, (X). Fancy meeting you here things?
Well, if it isn’t (X) How are you doing? <informal>
you keeping?

Dialogue between therapist and client illustrating ‘choice talk’ even when client presents actions
as involuntary:

Client : I just black out when I’m angry – I see red and have no control over
what I do. This anger just takes over me.
Therapist : Can you tell me about the last time you felt like you blacked out?
Client : Well, probably the time I threw a chair at my wife – I blacked out
then – I don’t even remember it.
Therapist : Can you talk about what you do remember?
Client : I was just so mad at her – she really knows how to push my
buttons. My wife is a petite little thing. I could really hurt her.

Here are some examples of follow-up questions related to clinical concerns:

 When did it start?

 How bad does it get?
 Panic attacks? How many and when?
 How is this impacting your life right now?
 Medication? Helpful or not? Prescribed by whom?
 What helps it right now?
 Who knows about it?
 Family history?
 Unit 3 : ‘To Be or Not To Be, that’s the question!

A. To Be ‘is, am, are’

 Write in the correct verb to be

1. Donna …….. my best friend.
2. Ryan and Dave …… brother and sister.
3. My grandmother ……. 90 years old.
4. You …….. a good student.
5. My house ……. Very pretty.
6. I ……… not at home.
7. Dad and I …… in school right now.
8. My book ……. 300 pages long.
9. My friends …… funny.
10. The children ……… at a summer camp.

B. Do and does
Do and does are the auxiliary verb. They can be used in negative or interrogative sentences in
simple present. Take a look at the following examples :
 I usually go away at weekends.
I usually do not go away at weekends. (negative)
Do you usually go away at weekends? (interrogative)

 Ann drinks tea very often

Ann does not drink tea very often
Does Ann (she) drink tea very often?
  My parents live in a very small flat
My parents do not live in a very small flat
Do my parents (they) live in a very small flat?

 Bad driving causes many accidents

Bad driving does not cause many accidents
Does bad driving (it) cause many accidents?

Exercise: make the negative and interrogative form of the following sentences!

1. Doni plays tennis every Sunday.

2. Lisa and I go to the park.
3. My brother speaks English very well.
4. Bees eat honey.
5. The Olympic games takes place every four years.
6. The swimming pool opens at 9 o’clock
7. Kate wears long dresses.
8. John has his own house.
9. I believe I can do it.
10. This machine works properly.

idiomatic expressions and useful phrases

What does it mean? How do I say …… in English?

Could you repeat that please?

It doesn’t matter.
Have a nice day. Long time no see you.

May I ask you something? It is none of your business.

 Unit 4: UNIT II : What are you doing?

A. Understanding the present continuous tense

Read the following text carefully, then answer the questions.

Today is Sunday. Each family member in Wijaya’s house is busy with their
activities. Mr. Wijaya is reading a newspaper in front of the house. In the kitchen,
Mrs. Wijaya is cooking lunch. The maid, Inah, is cleaning the house.
The eldest son, Bima, is washing his motorcycle in the yard. Bima’s sister,
Ratih, is in her bedroom. She is listening to her favorite songs. Rian, the youngest
son, is playing with a toy car in the living room. In the garden, the Wijaya’s other
daughter, Maya, is watering the plants. Mimi, their little cat, is in the backyard
drinking a bowl of milk, and Bobi, their parakeet, is singing beautifully in its cage.
Suddenly there was a loud noise. Mr. Hadi, the neighbor, is cutting the grass using
a lawn mower.

Activity 1 :
1. What is Mrs. Wijaya doing in the kitchen?
2. Is Inah cooking?
3. Is Maya cutting or watering the plants in the garden?
4. What is Mimi doing in the backyard?
5. Is Bobi singing beautifully?

 Grammar in focus: present continuous tense

The pattern:
Subj + to be + V-ing

Functions:
a. To describe an action in progress at the moment.
b. To describe actions which are happening around now, even though not at
time of speaking.

Time signals:
 Now
 At this moment
 At present

Activity 2 :
Look at the pictures and create a short dialog for each picture.
B. Pronouns and possesive adjectives
Pronouns subtitute for nouns. They can be singular or plural.

Personal Pronouns
Subject Object Possesive Possesive
adjective Pronoun
I Me My Mine
You You Your Yours
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its -
We Us Our Ours
They Them Their Theirs

 General rules
1. As a subject and an object
- She is my mother. I love her so much.
- I am lost. I guess my father is looking for me.

2. After a preposition ( for, from, before, in, on, at, between, among, with,
to, etc)
- I always sends some money to her.
- Dina wants to watch movie with me.

3. After ‘let’
- Let her go!
- Let us go! (let’s go)

4. If there is no ‘to be’ or verb

- Who’s there? Me
- Who’s there? Us

5. If there is exclamation point (!)

- What! I didn’t steal the money! Not me!
- Not us! But you!

6. Using a possesive adjective and a possesive pronoun in a sentence.

- This is my book. (= the book is mine)
- This is your new computer. (= the new computer is yours)
- Mine is better than yours.

Activity 3 :
Complete the following sentences with the correct personal pronoun, possesive
adjective, or possesive pronoun.

1. The girl is beautiful. I bought ............ some flowers.

2. Hari borrowed one of my dictionaries. He lost .............
3. Mr. Tono put ............ shoes under the table.
4. My mother always makes a lot of delicious food. ............ loves cooking so
much.
5. Nobody cooks meal for Dani. He has to cook ........... meals by himself.
6. Tina is extremely rich. ............. has her own private airplane.
7. Today, .............. friends and I are going to study together.
8. Can you help ........... with this form, please?
9. I met Mr. Burhan on the way home. ............... was walking with ............ wife.
10. I have reserved a suite room in Sahid hotel. ......... is the largest in town.

C. PLURAL OF NOUNS

REGULAR

HORSE HORSES
CHAIR CHAIRS
CAR CARS
BOOK BOOKS
PICTURE PICTURES
DESK DESKS

VOWEL MUTATION

TOOTH TEETH
FOOT FEET
WOMAN WOMEN
MOUSE MICE
MAN MEN
LOUSE LICE

ENDING IN S/ CH / SH / X / Z

BOX BOXES
BRUSH BRUSHES
GAS GASES
TOPAZ TOPAZES
WATCH WATCHES
DRESS DRESSES
BENCH BENCHES
ENDING IN F / FE

BELIEF BELIEFS
SAFE SAFES
THIEF THIEVES
WIFE WIVES
WOLF WOLVES
DWARF DWARFS
DWARF DWARVES

ENDING IN O

STUDIO STUDIOS
RADIO RADIOS
ECHO ECHOES
HERO HEROES
TOMATO TOMATOES

ENDING IN Y

DAY DAYS
KEY KEYS
CITY CITIES
LADY LADIES
FLY FLIES

IRREGULAR

CHILD CHILDREN
OX OXEN
PERSON PEOPLE
PERSON PERSONS
FISH FISH
DEER DEER
LEAF LEAVES
CHILD CHILDREN

Activity 4

Change the following sentences to the plural.

a. The knife is dirty.
b. The wolf is in the forest.
c. That is a fat man.
d. This watch is very expensive.
e. This is a good child.
f. I saw a mouse.
g. She is a pretty woman.
h. It is a calm horse.
i. She has a beautiful car.
j. I have a smart ox.
 UNIT 5 : What did you do?

A. Simple past tense

The simple past tense is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. It has no
relevance to the present time at all.
 Simple past tense with ‘to be’
a. I was not a student.
b. They were friends.
 Simple past tense with regular verbs
a. We invited them to the party.
b. She passed her examination well..
c. I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a shop.
 Simple past tense with irregular verbs
a. They went to Spain for holidays.
b. My mother took me to the movies.

Time expression with simple past tense:

 Yesterday
 Ago
 Last month
 Last week
 Last year
 In 2003
 In 2007
 …….

Activity 1 :
 Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. Number 1 has
been done for you

1. It was warm, so I took off my coat. (take)

2. The film wasn’t very good. I …… it very much. (not enjoy)
3. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I …………… her. (disturb)
4. The window was open and a bird ……………….. into the room. (fly)
5. Ana ……………. A lot of money yesterday. (spend)
6. I ……………. to the cinema three times last week. (go)
7. It was a funny situation but nobody …………… (laugh)
8. The hotel wasn’t very expensive. It ………….. very much. (cost)
9. The bed was very uncomfortable. I …………. Very well. (sleep)
10. She ……… up at 6 o’clock. (get)

B. WH- Question

- What is that? → Things and animals

- Where do you study English? → Place
- When is your brother’s birthday? → Time
- Who is coming for dinner? → People (Subject)
- Who(m) did you talk to yesterday? → People (Object)
- Why are you studying English? → Reason
- Whose car is that over there? → Ownership
- How many car do you have? Quantity
- How much does a kg of apple cost? Price

Activity 3

1. Make questions for these answers below.

a. ______________________________________________________________________?
He is near Joe’s restaurant.
b. ________________________________________________________________________?
He wanted her to get the magazine under the bed.
c. ________________________________________________________________________?
She’s my friend’s new girlfriend’s sister.
d. ________________________________________________________________________?
My acoustic guitar is in the closet next to the door upstairs.

2.Give long answers for these questions below.

a. Where is the keyboard?

_________________________________________________________________________
b. Where is the bakery?
________________________________________________________________________
c. Do you know where Joe’s supermarket is?
_________________________________________________________________________
d. Who is in front of the house?
_________________________________________________________________________
e. Whose apartment is that?
_________________________________________________________________________
f. Do you usually park your car in front of or behind your house?
_________________________________________________________________________

C. Yes/No Question

Example:
- Do you hear the bell? Yes, I do / No, I don’t
- Does she hear the bell? Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t
- Did he hear the bell? Yes, he did / No, he didn’t

Activity 4:

1. Make questions for these answers below.

a. _____________________________________________________________________?
Yes, he wants money from me.

b. _____________________________________________________________________?
Yes, she works a lot every day.

c. _____________________________________________________________________?
No, Mark won’t call Jane tomorrow night.

d. _____________________________________________________________________?
Yes, they want me to work for them.