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    Directional DrillingJan2010

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    NurJan AmAnov
    Directional or deviated drilling is the science of directing a wellbore along a predetermined trajectory to intersect a designated sub-surface target. There are three types of deviated well profile: Build and Hold S-shaped deep kick off WELLPATH PARAMETERS There are 3 parameters which must be considered while planning KOP, BUR or DOR Tangent section of the well trajectory.

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    Directional DrillingJan2010

    Uploaded by

    NurJan AmAnov
    369 views21 pages
    Directional or deviated drilling is the science of directing a wellbore along a predetermined trajectory to intersect a designated sub-surface target. There are three types of deviated well profile: Build and Hold S-shaped deep kick off WELLPATH PARAMETERS There are 3 parameters which must be considered while planning KOP, BUR or DOR Tangent section of the well trajectory.

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    Directional_DrillingJan2010

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    Directional or deviated drilling is the science of directing a wellbore along a predetermined trajectory to intersect a designated sub-surface target. There are three types of deviated well profile: Build and Hold S-shaped deep kick off WELLPATH PARAMETERS There are 3 parameters which must be considered while planning KOP, BUR or DOR Tangent section of the well trajectory.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    369 views21 pages

    Directional DrillingJan2010

    Uploaded by

    NurJan AmAnov
    Directional or deviated drilling is the science of directing a wellbore along a predetermined trajectory to intersect a designated sub-surface target. There are three types of deviated well profile: Build and Hold S-shaped deep kick off WELLPATH PARAMETERS There are 3 parameters which must be considered while planning KOP, BUR or DOR Tangent section of the well trajectory.

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    PAB 2024

    DRILLING ENGINEERING

    DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
    OBJECTIVES
     At the end of this session, student will be able
    to:

     Describe the applications of directional drilling


    techniques
     Define the terms: KOP, BUR, Tangent section of
    the well trajectory
     Perform calculation for well trajectory operation

    FMN – July07
    CONTENTS
     Introduction

     Applications

     Reference Systems

     Profile Planning

    FMN – July07
    INTRODUCTION
     It is easy to drill a vertical well from the rig. But how
    to drill at location far away from the rig?

    MEAN SEA LEVEL

    SEABED

    WELL 3
    WELL 1

    WELL 2

    FMN – July07
    INTRODUCTION

     Directional or deviated drilling is the science of


    directing a wellbore along a predetermined
    trajectory to intersect a designated sub-surface
    target

     There are many reasons for drilling a deviated


    well:
     Multiwell Platform drilling
     Fault drilling
     Inaccessible Location
     Sidetracking
     Salt dome Drilling
     Relief Wells

    FMN – July07
    APPLICATION

    Multiwell Drilling Fault Drilling Inaccessible Location

    Sidetracking Salt Dome Drilling Relief Drilling

    FMN – July07
    REFERENCE SYSTEM
     The position of the target must be expressed with
    respect to a 3D reference system:
     The vertical depth below the reference point (i.e. platform)
     The horizontal distance traversed from the wellhead in a
    Northerly direction
     The distance traversed from the wellhead in an Easterly
    direction

    FMN – July07
    REFERENCE SYSTEM (cont’d)
    Depth Reference:
     Datum: RTE /RKB
    MSL
    • Mean Sea Level (MSL)
    • Rotary Table Elevation
    (RTE) or Rotary Kelly
    Bushing (RKB)
    TVD
     Depth of a point:
    • Along Hole Depth (AHD)
    • True Vertical Depth (TVD) AHD

    FMN – July07
    REFERENCE SYSTEM (cont’d)
    Geographical Reference:
     Lateral displacement in
    terms of:
    • Feet or Meter from WH in
    Northerly and Easterly
    direction
    • Degrees of latitude or
    longitude
     Coordinates
    • Local origin will be selected
    as 0,0

    FMN – July07
    DEVIATED WELL PROFILE
     There are three types of deviated well
    profile:
    Deep Kick Off
    Build and Hold
    S-shaped

    FMN – July07
    WELLPATH PARAMETERS
     There are 3
    parameters which
    must be considered
    while planning

     Kick-Off Point (KOP)


    α
     Build-Up Rate
    (BUR) or Drop-Off
    Rate (DOR)
     Tangent Angle α

    FMN – July07
    KICK-OFF POINT (KOP)

     KOP is the AHD at which a change in inclination of the well


    is initiated and the well is orientated in a particular direction
    (in terms of N, S, E, W)

     Generally, it is easier to kick off a well in shallow formations


    than in deep formations

     Kick off should also be initiated in a stable formation and not


    likely to cause drilling problems, i.e. unconsolidated clay

    FMN – July07
    BUILD-UP RATE / DROP-OFF RATE
     BUR and DOR are the rates at which the well deviates from
    the vertical - usually in degrees per 100 ft drilled (θ°/100 ft)

     The rate is chosen based on the drilling experience in the


    location and tools available

     Normally, in conventional well, the rate between 1o – 3o/100 ft


    are used

     Since the rate is constant, these section of the well form the
    arc of a circle

     BUR more than 3o/100 ft is often called dogleg


    FMN – July07
    TANGENT or DRIFT ANGLE
     Tangent (drift) angle is the inclination of the long
    straight section of the well after the BU or DO
    section of the well – in degrees from the vertical

     Generally, the tangent angle will be between 10o to 60o.


    Why?
    • Difficult to control the trajectory of the well at angles
    below 10o
    • Difficult to run wireline tools into wells at angles
    greater than 60o

    FMN – July07
    PLANNING A WELL PROFILE
     Take a common well trajectory – Build and Hold
    Profile

     Required information:
     AHD of the KOP
     TVD and horizontal displacement of the target
     BUR for the BU section
     TVD and horizontal displacement at which the BU stops
    and tangent section commences
     Direction in which the well is to be drilled after the KOP,
    in degrees from North (defined by position of rig and
    target)
    FMN – July07
    EXAMPLE
    The planning procedure for the build and hole
    trajectory is best illustrated by considering the
    following example

    Basic Data:
    KOP - 2,000 ft
    TVD of target - 10,000 ft
    Horizontal Disp of Target - 3,000 ft
    BUR - 2 degrees/100 ft

    FMN – July07
    EXAMPLE (cont’d)
    1. Find radius or R of the build up
    section:

    36000 36000
    R= = = 2866.24 ft
    2π (BUR ) 2π (2 )

    2. Note that angle TEY = BOE.


    From this information the distances
    BX, XE, BE, EY can be calculated.

    FMN – July07
    EXAMPLE (cont’d)
    3. Calculate the tangent angle, α
    of the well (angle TEY):

    3000 − R
    tan x =
    8000
    ⇒ x = 0.96°
    α
    R cos x
    sin y =
    8000
    ⇒ y = 20.99°

    ∴ α = x + y = 21.95°
    FMN – July07
    EXAMPLE (cont’d)
    A
    4. Calculate AHD at the end of
    build section, AE = AB + BE

     2πR 
    BE =   × α = 1097.5 ft
     360  E

    ∴ AE = 2000 + 1097.5 = 3097.5 ft

    5. Calculate TVD at the end of


    build section, AX = AB + BX X

    BX = R sin α = 1071.39 ft
    ∴ AX = 2000 + 1071.39 = 3071.39 ft

    FMN – July07
    EXAMPLE (cont’d)
    A
    6. Calculate displacement at the
    end of build, XE

    XE = OB − OP = R − R cos α
    = 207.77 ft E

    7. Calculate AHD of target,


    AT = AE + ET X

    3000 − XE
    ET = = 7470.3 ft
    sin α
    T
    ∴ AT = 3097.5 + 7470.3 = 10567.8 ft
    FMN – July07
    EXERCISE
    A well will be drilled with a Type 1(Build & Hold)
    profile.

    KOP - 2500 ft
    TVD of target - 8000 ft
    Horizontal Disp of Target - 3500 ft
    BUR - 2.5 degrees/100 ft

    Calculate drift angle, TVD and horizontal


    displacement at the end of build up section, and
    the AHD of the target.
    FMN – July07

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