OPTICS (Ray Wave) One Shot

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Optics
(Ray and Wave)
One shot
OPTICS

Ray optics Wave optics


Ray optics
LAWS OF REFLECTION

1. Angle of incidence( i) = angle of


reflection( r)
2. Incident ray, normal and
reflected ray lie in the same
plane

normal
incident reflected ray
ray
i r

mirror
REAL AND VIRTUAL IMAGE
PLANE MIRROR
VELOCITY OF IMAGE FORMED BY PLANE MIRROR

VO VI

VO= - VI
SPHERICAL MIRROR
SPHERICAL MIRROR

R = radius of curvature

P = pole

C = centre of curvature
SPHERICAL MIRROR
Formation of image
Add ray 1
p

Add ray 2
p

Form the
image p

Check by
drawing p
ray 3
Location and nature of image
Location and nature of image
Sign convention
Mirror equation
Magnification

ho

hi
Refraction
Refraction

Medium 1

Medium 2
Refraction
Snell's law

r
Normal shift

da
TIR
For a light ray travelling from optically denser to rarer medium, if
angle of incidence is greater than critical angle, light is reflected back
in the same medium. This phenomenon is known as total internal
reflection.
LENSES
LENS FORMULA
LENS MAKER FORMULA
COMBINATION OF LENS
Wave optics
HUYGENS WAVE THEORY
Wavefront: it is the locus of all the particles of the
medium which are in same phase. A point source gives
rises to spherical wavefront.
Types of wavefront

Line source

Cylindrical
wavefront
Types of wavefront
Source at infinity

Plane
wavefront
Huygens principle
Every point on a wavefront acts like a secondary
source and sends out a spherical wave called
secondary wave.
Coherent waves

Same frequency and same phase

Coherent

Same frequency but different phases

Incoherent

Different frequency and different phases

Incoherent
Path difference and phase difference
Interference
Superposition principle: When two or more waves meet at
a point, the resultant wave has a displacement which is
the algebraic sum of the displacements of each wave.
Constructive and destructive interference
Constructive and destructive interference
YDSE
supercool visualization
YDSE
Condition for bright and dark fringes:

D
YDSE
Fringe width 𝛃 :

D
diffraction
diffraction
Diffraction depends on two factors :
(i) Size of obstacles or aperture
(ii) Wavelength of the wave
Fraunhofer diffraction

Minima

Central
maximum

Secondary
maxima
Fraunhofer diffraction
Minima :
Fraunhofer diffraction
Secondary maxima:
Fraunhofer diffraction
Central maximum width:
Velocity of image

A man runs towards mirror at a speed of 15 m/s. The


speed of image with respect to man is

A 7.5 m/s

B 15 m/s

C 30 m/s

D 45 m/s
Velocity of image

Find the velocity of the image when the object and


mirror both are moving toward each other with the
velocities 2 m/s and 3 m/s, respectively.

A -8m/s (JEE MAIN)

B 10m/s

C 6m/s

D -10m/s
TIR
Wavelength of light in denser medium is 4000 Å, it is
grazing into a rarer medium. If critical angle for the pair
of media is then the wavelength of light in rarer
medium is
A 4000 Å

B 2666 Å

C 8000 Å

D 6000 Å
TIR
When a ray of light enters from one medium to another
then its velocity in second medium becomes doubled.
The maximum value of angle of incidence so that total
internal reflection may not take place will be
A 600

B 900

C 300

D 1800
TIR
A point source of light is placed at the bottom of a water
lake. If the area of the illuminated circle on the surface is
equal to 3 times the square of the depth of the lake. The
refractive index of water is
A

D
Spherical mirrors

Radius of concave mirror is 40 cm and the size of image


(real) is twice as that of object, then the object distance
is

A 60 cm

B 20 cm

C 40 cm

D 30 cm
Lenses

A double convex lens has radii of curvature of 1m and


2m. What should be the refractive index of the medium
so that the focal length of the lens is 50cm?

D 1.33
Lenses
A thin equiconvex lens is made of glass of refractive
index 1.5 and its focal length is 0.2m. If it acts as a
concave lens of 0.5m focal length when dipped in a
liquid, the refractive index of liquid is
A

D
Lenses

A thin convex lens of focal length 10 cm is placed in


contact with a concave lens of same material and same
focal length. The focal length of the combination is

A Zero

B Infinity

C 10 cm

D 20 cm
YDSE
In double slit experiment, the distance between two slits
is 0.6 mm and these are illuminated with light of
wavelength 4800Å. The angular width of dark fringe on
the screen at a distance 120 cm from slits will be
A 8 × 10-4 Radian

B 6 × 10-4 Radian

C 4 × 10-4 Radian

D 16 × 10-4 Radian
YDSE
The wavelength of light used in two interference
experiments is 500 nm and 600 nm. If the fringe widths
are equal when the screens are placed at 1m and 1.2m
respectively. The ratio of the distance between the slits
is
A 25 : 36

B 36 : 25

C 4 : 16

D 16 : 4
Diffraction
Light of wavelength 6000A0 is is incident on a slit. The
first minimum of the diffraction pattern is observed to
lie at a distance of 4 mm from the central maximum on a
screen placed at a distance of 4m from the slit. Then the
width of the slit is
A 3 cm

B 0.3 cm

C 3 cm

D 0.06 cm
Diffraction

In single slit diffraction a = 0.7 mm, D = 2 m and distance


of second dark band from central maxima is 0.4 cm. The
wavelength of light is

A 6500A0

B 7000A0

C 5600A0

D 8500A0
Spherical mirrors
An object is placed in front of a concave mirror of focal
length ‘f’. A virtual image is formed with a magnification
of 2. To obtain a real image of same magnification, the
object has to moved by a distance
A f

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