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PH Lab Report

The student conducted an experiment using a compound pendulum to determine the value of 'g'. They measured the time period of a pendulum swinging through various amplitudes and distances from the pivot point. From the graph of time period versus distance, the student calculated the average length 'L' and time period 'T' and used the formula for simple harmonic motion to find g. The calculated value of g was 9.64 ms-2 with a percentage error of 1.73% from the accepted value, showing the experiment was a success. Taking more readings and averaging could further improve the results.

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Haider Ali Shahid
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66 views

PH Lab Report

The student conducted an experiment using a compound pendulum to determine the value of 'g'. They measured the time period of a pendulum swinging through various amplitudes and distances from the pivot point. From the graph of time period versus distance, the student calculated the average length 'L' and time period 'T' and used the formula for simple harmonic motion to find g. The calculated value of g was 9.64 ms-2 with a percentage error of 1.73% from the accepted value, showing the experiment was a success. Taking more readings and averaging could further improve the results.

Uploaded by

Haider Ali Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ph101

Open lab

Report

NAME:Sauman Arshad
Reg no. 2019363
Experiment: using compound pendulum to
find value of ‘g’;

Introduction:

A compound pendulum AKA physical pendulum, can be any rigid


freely swinging which rotates about a fixed horizontal axis. For an
experiment performed in an undergraduate lab, a compound pendulum
is in the form of a bar whose axis of rotation is varied by changing
holes. The dependence of time period on the position of hole is studied
and value of g is determined.
The distance from pivot to the center of oscillation is the length used
for calculating period.

Apparatus:

● Stop watch
● Clamp
● Knife edge to balance pendulum
● Ruler
● Rod with equidistant holes
Procedure:

Take a rod with 19 holes in it with approximately 5 centimeter distance


between every two holes.Mark both ends A and B. Center of lies on the
10 hole since the rod is uniform. This bar pendulum is fitted in a G
clamp and it is made parallel to the wall. The bars edge is inserted into
the top most hole first with its pointed edge in the direction of center of
gravity. The angle of oscillation is to be kept between 5 degrees to 30
degrees. The pendulum is displaced from a specific reference point and
made to oscillate. Time for 10 oscillation is measured using a
stopwatch twice and average time for these 10 oscillations is calculated.
This time is then divided by 10 to find the time period of 10
oscillations.this process is repeated for every hole and from both ends
for comparison. Plot a graph of time against distance with distance on
x-axis and time period on y-axis. Then on the graph make a line that
cuts the graph on four points namely a,b,c,d. Calculate distance “ac”
and “bd” and find average L of both . Note value of time period T from
the graph . put these values of T and use them in formula given below
to find g.
equation:
g=4​π2​​ (L/T​2​)

Precautions:

● The motion of pendulum should be arc of a circle


● Pendulum should not make contact with the wall
● Angle should always be kept between 5 degrees to 30 degrees

Readings:
Graph:
Calculations:

AC = 17.5 - (- 45.5) = 63.0 cm = 0.630m


BD = 45.5 - ( - 17.0) = 62.5cm = 0.625m
L = (0.625 + 0.630) / 2 = 0.6275m
T = 1.6 s

g = 4​π2​​ (0.625 / 1.6​2​) = 9.64 ms​-2


​
Percentage error: (( 9.81 - 9.64)x 100) / 9.81 = 1.73%

Conclusion:
The experiment conducted was a success as the percentage error is less
than 10. in order to further improve experiment , take more number of
readings and take average which will decrease human error.

References:
1. /watch?v=gTOcFL7jKr8

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