Senior High School

Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Meaning and Process of
Philosophy
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: The Meaning and Process of Philosophy
First Edition, 2020

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 Senior High School

Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Meaning and Process of
Philosophy
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Introduction of Philosophy of the Human

Person Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The
Meaning and Process of Philosophy!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed

and reviewed by educators both from public and private
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on The Meaning and Process of Philosophy!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

iii
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the principles of Philosophy. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Meaning, Characteristics and Branches of Philosophy
• Lesson 2 – The Distinction between Holistic perspective and Partial point of view.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. discuss the meaning, characteristics and branches of philosophy;
2. distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view;
3. reflect why people philosophize; and
4. discuss the importance of philosophy in their lives.

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 What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the study that uses human reason to investigate the
ultimate causes, reasons, and principles that governs all things?
a) Anthropology
b) Economics
c) Philosophy
d) Psychology

2. Who among the following pioneered the various field of knowledge such as
history, astronomy, mathematics, medicine and even physics?
a) Americans
b) Greeks
c) Moslems
d) Russians

3. Philosophy is derived from two Greek words: philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom).
Which of the following is the common meaning of Philosophy?
a) Love of Truth
b) Love of Wisdom
c) Lover of Truth
d) Lover of Wisdom

4. Which of the following reasons why people philosophize according to Plato?

a) Doubt
b) Experience
c) Sense of wonder
d) Limitations and Possibilities of the Human Person

5. Rene Descartes is another renowned philosopher in his time. He also

explained that there is a particular reason that drives an individual to engage
himself in philosophizing. Which of the following is his reason?
a) The experience of death
b) The experience of doubt
c) Particular human experiences
d) Limitations and possibilities in life

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6. Karl Jaspers argued that philosophy provides people to understand adverse
or challenging conditions. He believed that man is always confronted with
experiences which challenge his ideas and frameworks. According to him,
which of the following drives people to philosophize?
a) Death
b) Doubt
c) Wonder
d) Limiting situations/limiting experiences

7. It is a way of thinking that is accompanied by people’s beliefs and views.

a) Ideals
b) Opinion
c) Framework
d) Personal view

8. Greg is very good in the art of correct thinking. He uses syllogisms to validate
his reasoning. What philosophy is this?
a) Logic
b) Ethics
c) Aesthetics
d) Epistemology

9. Lucas is in thought on how he can deepen his knowledge in philosophizing,

which among the choices can best help him develop his philosophizing?
a) Dream
b) Dialogue
c) Reflection
d) Problem Solving

10. Which of the following statements could be a reason why philosophy is hard
to define?
a) Philosophy is specific.
b) Philosophy is reflective.
c) Philosophy includes standards and thoughts.
d) Philosophy changes historically in respect to its content and character.

11. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about philosophy?

a) Philosophy is bias.
b) Philosophy is a reflective activity.
c) Philosophy is an examination of knowledge
d) Philosophy is distinct area of knowledge with its own goals and concern

12. What do we call the activity that requires a person to examine his/her
thoughts?
a) Analysis
b) Meditation
c) Reasoning
d) Reflection

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13. It is a perspective that is characterized as inclusive when trying to understand
a particular problem or situation.
a) Bias
b) Claim
c) Opinion
d) Holistic perspective

14. It is a way of looking at things using particular and specifics of a given situation.
a) Bias
b) Claim
c) Opinion
d) Partial Thinking

15. The following statements describe philosophy, except:

a) Philosophy contributes to self-development.
b) Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical thinking
c) Philosophy does not improve problem-solving and decision making.
d) Philosophy helps us to be a good communicator who can present himself
clearly

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 Lesson The Meaning,
1 Characteristics and
Branches of Philosophy
At the end of this lesson you are expected to:

1. discuss the meaning of philosophy

2. identify the branches of philosophy; and
3. appreciate the significance of the characteristics of philosophy.

What’s In

Hi there! Welcome to our new lesson on Philosophy. Before

dwelling to the new lesson, let us try to analyze the
following questions.

Choose one question below and explain what kind of

question it is.

Ex. What does it mean to be beautiful? (The question

is about beauty therefore it is a question about aesthetics or art.)

1. What is knowledge?
2. How do we know?
3. What is good?
4. What is freedom?
5. What is beauty?
6. Does God exist?
7. Can we prove the existence of God?
8. What is good life?
9. What is man? Who is man?

In the given questions:

a. What is the role of philosophy?
b. Based on your responses, what kind of questions are they?
c. Do you think philosophy has a practical significance in your life?
d. Do you have questions in life which bring you uneasiness?

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 Notes to the Teacher

Notes to the Teacher

Facilitator will instruct the students to answer the given
questions before proceeding to the new lesson!

What’s New

What is Philosophy? What is the connection of Philosophy to human experience?

What is the significance of Philosophy with the existence of everything around us?
What does Philosophy say about one’s personal experiences? Is Philosophy still
significant in the event of post-modernism and globalization?

Doing Philosophy is not something new to every individual. Philosophizing is

innate to everyone. It is giving birth to knowledge and wisdom using the things
around us and the things we experience.

Who and what is a philosopher? A philosopher is a lover of wisdom. He/she puts

meaning to what is out there, is open to changes and discovery. He/she does not
stop knowing, wondering and asking questions, hungers for truth, meaning and of
sense. He/she goes beyond and experiences transcendence. A philosopher possesses
a beautiful mind.

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 What is It

ACTIVITY 1
What words come to your mind when you hear the word Philosophy? Copy the
graphic organizer and write the words in the blank square.

Philosophy

A. Definition:

According to Abella (2016), the word Philosophy comes from the two Greek words
philos (love) and Sophia (Wisdom), (Abella 2016). Thus, Philosophy is the love of
wisdom. This is the most common and simplest definition of Philosophy. He further
defined Philosophy as a science of thinking that deals with the study of processes
governing thoughts and conduct. He also added that Philosophy is the study that
uses the human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles
which governs all things.

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B. Characteristics:
- Just as there are many ways at looking at things, like, experiences, situations,
problems, Philosophy can also be seen and treated in different ways.
Philosophy can be seen as a framework, as an examination of knowledge and
as a discipline. (Abella 2016)

PHILOSOPHY

FRAMEWORK DISCIPLINE

EXAMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE

He explained that whenever a person encounters a problem, situation or a

question life, he or she often goes back to his or her framework in order to make
sense of the problem. According to him, a framework is defined as a way of thinking
about the world and is composed of views and beliefs of a person. Philosophy then
as a framework could lead the person to come up with something that may pave the
way for solutions or answer. The framework of Philosophy aids the personal
framework of the person.

He also discussed that Philosophy can also be treated as an examination of a

particular area of knowledge. This means that the principles of philosophy can be
used as an examination of other disciplines or areas of knowledge. In the long run,
he explained that other areas of specialization may benefit from the very nature of
philosophy
Lastly, according to him, Philosophy in itself is a distinct area of knowledge. It
has its own goals, concerns and ways of doing things. Definitely, philosophy
according to him is a discipline in itself.

Let us ponder:
Based on the characteristics of philosophy, would it be
possible for any person to engage in philosophical
discussion? Why or Why not?

(Abella 2016)

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C. According to Garcia, et.al. (2016), the following are the branches of
philosophy:

Logic
o a branch of philosophy that deals with the
nature of thinking and reasoning using
empirical support and information which are
reliable, valid and objective.
o it is the science of correct thinking.

Two Types of Logic

a. Deductive Reasoning – from a general truth to specific truth, from universal
truth to particular.
b. Inductive Reasoning – from a specific truth to general truth, particular to
universal.

Epistemology
o a branch of Philosophy that concerns with the definition of knowledge and
related concepts such as the sources and criteria of knowledge.

Two Contending Schools of Thought

a. Rational school – the main source of knowledge is deductive reasoning based
on self-evident principles or actions.
b. Empirical school – the source of knowledge is sense-perception.

Ethics
o it comes from the Greek word “ethos” which means character.
o it is the science of correct doing.
o it is the study of what is right and what is wrong in human behavior in the
pursuit of beauty and goodness of life.

Metaphysics
o it comes from the Greek words “meta” which means beyond and “physikon”
which means nature.
o it is branch of philosophy which is concerned with the nature of ultimate
reality.

Aesthetics
o it is derived from the Greek word “aesthetikos” which means one who is
perceptive of things through his sensations, feelings and intuitions.
o it is concerned with the essence of perception of beauty and ugliness.

Political Philosophy
o it refers to a body of knowledge that looks up on the society, politics and the
people that makes it whole.
o it is believed that society is inseparable to politics.

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General Questions in Philosophy

According to Garcia, et al, (2016), Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and
widest questions in life. The following are examples of questions in the different
branches of philosophy as mentioned by him.

A. Epistemology –Theory of Knowledge

• What is knowledge?
• Can we know?
• What is to know?
• How can we know?

B. Ethics – Moral Philosophy

• What is freedom?
• Do we have free will?
• What is human act?
• Are our actions already determined?

C. Philosophy of Art – Aesthetics

• What is beauty?
• What does it mean to be beautiful?

D. Philosophy of Religion
• Does God exist?
• Can we prove the existence of God?
• What reasons are there to believe in God?

E. Rational Psychology/Philosophy of Man/ Philosophical Anthropology

• What is the essence and meaning of life?
• Does life make sense?
• What is good life?
• What is happiness?
• What is man? Who is man?
• Is man only his body, or man is his soul

He further explained that Philosophy is reflective and

reflections arise from our experiences and that man is
rich with experiences both good and evil. These
experiences are the starting point of wonder and awe.
Reason leads to reflection and that’s what makes us
human. He also mentioned that we are capable of
becoming aware of our consciousness and daily
activities. Lastly, he said that man by essence is
reflective and yet, people nowadays have less time to
think and reflect on their experiences. Man is simply now becoming a contradiction
of his own

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 2
Give examples of scientific and philosophical questions.

Philosophical questions Scientific questions

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

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 What I Have Learned

1. The word Philosophy comes from two Geek words philos (love) and Sophia
(wisdom).
2. Philosophy is the study that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate
causes, reasons and principles which governs all things.
3. Philosophy is a distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns and
ways of doing things.
4. Philosophy is divided into several branches namely: Aesthetics, Logic,
Epistemology, Ethics, Metaphysics and Political Philosophy.
5. Philosophy can be seen as a framework, as an examination of knowledge and
as a discipline.
6. Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life.

What I Can Do

Answer the questions in the table below.

How does philosophy look at me? How does science look at a me?

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

6. 6.

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 Additional Activities

Give at least 2 – 3 prominent philosophers in each period.

Periods Philosophers

1. Pre-Socratic

2. Classical Philosophy

3. Medieval Philosophy

4. Modern Philosophy

5. Contemporary Philosophy

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Lesson The Distinction Between
2 Holistic Perspective and
Partial Point of View
At the end of this lesson you are expected to:

1. distinguish holistic perspective from partial point of view;

2. identify the ways of looking at things; and
3. appreciate the ways of Science and philosophy in looking at things.

What’s in

Let us think about: The Story of the Five Blind Men and an Elephant
by: Reverend Loveshade

One day five blind men agreed to analyze an

elephant to find out what it was. Reaching out,
each touched it in a different spot. One man
touched the side, one, an ear, one a leg, one a tusk,
and one the trunk. We now know that the elephant
is like a wall, said the one who touched the side. I
believed you are mistaken, sir, said the one who
touched an ear. The elephant I more like a large
fan. You are both wrong, said the leg man. The elephant is obviously being like a
tree. A tree? Questioned the tusk toucher. How can you mistake a spear for tree?
What? Said the trunk feeler. A spear is long and round, but anyone knows it doesn’t
move. Couldn’t you feel the muscles? It is definitely a type of snake. A blind man
could see that said the fifth blind man. The argument grew more heated for they
had misunderstanding regarding the truth of an elephant. (Discordia.loveshade.org
n.d.)

Guide Questions
a. What is the story all about?
b. What is the source of argument among the five blind men?
c. How can the five blind men come up with a common understanding of an
elephant?

14
 What’s new

According to Abella 2016, Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that considers

a large-scale pattern in a system. He explained that this is often described as looking
at the “big picture” when describing and analyzing a situation or a problem. He also
said holistic perspective requires an individual to have an open mindset and an
ability to get the general sense or impression regarding a situation. He continued by
saying that Partial thinking on the other hand, focuses on the specific aspects of a
situation. He further explained that the partial view is an important component in
analytical thinking, as an individual focus on certain areas or aspects of a problem
in order to understand it. Lastly, he emphasized that though partial thinking is
useful, Philosophy utilizes holistic thinking in making sense of problems and issues
related to the human experience.

What is it

According to Garcia, et.al. (2016), Holistic point of view and partial point of view
are two different views with different point of references. He further explained that
both views give us a reality that we can look into and come up with a reflection or
wisdom. Based on his book, there are different and possible ways that may help us
understand the dynamics of holistic and partial of view. First, we may use the
principles, theories and findings of science in contradistinction of the dictum and
jargons of philosophy. Secondly, we may use Marcelian way as presented by the
philosopher Gabriel Marcel and lastly, the difference between the shadow and reality
from Plato’s master piece, the Allegory of the cave.

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A. Science
According to Garcia, et.al (2016) Science
is widely accepted and is a good and reliable
source of knowledge, information and data.
He further explained that science uses a
standard in identifying whether a certain
discovery is scientific or not through
experimentation and observation. He
commented that through science we can
explain and understand the natural world.
He explained that Science is empirical and it
uses the senses in arriving into a truth or
reality called sense knowledge.

Another characteristic of Science according to him is that Science is

investigative. Meaning, it must investigate to describe facts and events. Specifically,
it gives us knowledge of particular facts. He emphasized that the method of science
in providing a data is basically observation coupled with experimentation. He
maintained that the product of science is scientific truth and thus, science is very
important and significant in man’s search of the meaning of life. However according
to him, science is limited, it cannot answer everything in this world. Like for
example, we cannot prove the existence of God scientifically or through the use of
scientific method of experimentation. He commented that God can never be a
specimen and that the scientist cannot tell us what happiness is and how it is to be
attained and what must we do in order to achieve it (Mortimer Adler, Great Ideas).
Finally, he stated that Science cannot tell us what is moral and what is not, what
is right what is wrong specially in the rules of behavior. The truth is, science cannot
solve everything particularly on ethical issues and problems. He said, Science is
definitely limited and so therefore looks at reality partially.

B. Primary reflection examines its object by abstraction, by

analytically breaking it down into its constituent parts. It
is concerned with definitions, essences and technical
solutions to problems. In contrast, secondary reflection is
synthetic; it unifies rather than divides. “Roughly, we can
say that where primary reflection tends to dissolve the
unity of experience which is first put before it, the function
of secondary reflection is essentially recuperative; it
reconquers that unity” (Marcel, stanford.edu 2016)

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 The table below is an example of the use of Primary Reflection and Secondary
reflection of Gbariel marcel as presented by Garcia et.al (2016).

SECONDARY
PRIMARY REFLECTION
OBJECT OR REFLECTION
No. (Objective)
EXPERIENCE (Subjective)
Analyzing the object Synthesizing the object

biological functioning of Having a “life.” Having a

organs career, friends, loved
1 life
Ex. Breathing, beating of ones, problems,
the heart happiness. etc.

It is more of a structure.
structure, design, size of a It is a home where
2 house
house relationships are built in
the context of a family.

Product of hard labor, or

3 car brand new, classy
a gift from parents.
Curse for a commuter,
4 rain A natural occurrence
blessing to a farmer

expression of feelings
It may mean giving
5 love Reduced as a chemical
oneself to others
reaction in the brain

C. ‘The Allegory of the Cave’ by Plato: Summary and Meaning September 21,
2012 by Amy Trumpeter
The ‘Allegory of The Cave’ is a theory put forward by Plato, concerning human
perception. Plato claimed that knowledge gained through the senses is no more
than opinion and that, in order to have real knowledge, we must gain it through
philosophical reasoning.

‘The Allegory of the Cave’ by Plato

In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato distinguishes between people who mistake
sensory knowledge for the truth and people who really do see the truth. It goes
like this:

The Cave
• Imagine a cave, in which there are three prisoners. The prisoners are tied to some
rocks, their arms and legs are bound and their head is tied so that they cannot
look at anything but the stonewall in front of them.

17
 • These prisoners have been here since birth and have never seen outside of the
cave.
• Behind the prisoners is a fire, and between them is a raised walkway.
• People outside the cave walk along this walkway carrying things on their head
including; animals, plants, wood and stone.

The Shadows
• So, imagine that you are one of the prisoners. You cannot look at anything
behind or to the side of you – you must look at the wall in front of you.
• When people walk along the walkway, you can see shadows of the objects they
are carrying cast on to the wall.
• If you had never seen the real objects ever before, you would believe that the
shadows of objects were ‘real.

The Game
• Plato suggests that the prisoners would begin a ‘game’ of guessing which shadow
would appear next.
• If one of the prisoners was to correctly guess, the others would praise him as
clever and say that he was a master of nature.

The Escape
• One of the prisoners then escapes
from their bindings and leaves the
cave.
• He is shocked at the world he
discovers outside the cave and
does not believe it can be real.
• As he becomes used to his new
surroundings, he realizes that his
former view of reality was wrong.
• He begins to understand his new
world, and sees that the Sun is the source of life and goes on an intellectual
journey where he discovers beauty and meaning.
• He sees that his former life, and the guessing game they played is useless.

The Return
• The prisoner returns to the cave, to inform the other prisoners of his findings.
• They do not believe him and threaten to kill him if he tries to set them free.

‘The Allegory of the Cave’ by Plato – The Meaning

The Allegory of the cave by Plato should not be taken at face value. In essays and
exams, whoever is marking it expects you to have a deeper understanding of the
meaning of the theory. You can then use these to think about criticisms and then
to form your own opinion.

18
The Cave

• In Plato’s theory, the cave represents people who believe that knowledge
comes from what we see and hear in the world – empirical evidence. The cave
shows that believers of empirical knowledge are trapped in a ‘cave’ of
misunderstanding.

The Shadows
• The Shadows represent the perceptions of those who believe empirical
evidence ensures knowledge. If you believe that what you see should be taken
as truth, then you are merely seeing a shadow of the truth. In Plato’s opinion
you are a ‘pleb’ if you believe this (their insult for those who are not
Philosophers)!

The Game
• The Game represents how people believe that one person can be a ‘master’
when they have knowledge of the empirical world. Plato is demonstrating that
this master does not actually know any truth, and suggesting that it is
ridiculous to admire someone like this.

The Escape
• The escaped prisoner represents the Philosopher, who seeks knowledge
outside of the cave and outside of the senses.
• The Sun represents philosophical truth and knowledge
• His intellectual journey represents a philosopher’s journey when finding
truth and wisdom

The Return
• The other prisoner’s reaction to the escapee returning represents that people
are scared of knowing philosophical truths and do not trust
philosophers.(philosophyzer.com n.d.)

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 What’s more

ACTIVITY 3

Differentiate Philosophy from Science using the given particular aspects.

Philosophy Science

Meaning: Meaning:

Method: Method:

Area of Concern: Area of concern:

ACTIVITY 4

Use the Marcelian way of Philosophical Reflection and come up with an

example using the table below.

Object or Primary Reflection Secondary Reflection

No.
experience (Objective) (Subjective)
1

20
 What I have learned

Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that considers a large-scale pattern in a

system.

1. Partial thinking on focuses on the specific aspects of a

situation. The partial view is an important component
in analytical thinking, as an individual focus on certain
areas or aspects of a problem on order to understand it.

2. There are different and possible ways that may help us

understand the dynamics of holistic and partial of view.
First, we may use the principles, theories and findings of
science in contradistinction of the dictum and jargons of philosophy. Secondly, we
may use Marcelina way as presented by the philosopher Gabriel Marcel and lastly,
the difference between the shadow and reality from Plato’s master piece, the
Allegory of the cave.

3. Science is a good and reliable source of knowledge, information and data. It uses
a standard in identifying whether a certain discovery is scientific or not through
experimentation and observation.

4. Primary and secondary reflection of Gabriel Marcel is a good way at looking at

things.

5. The Allegory of the Cave by Plato is a classic example of using the process of
reflection in philosophizing.

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 What I can do

In the space provided, answer the following questions:

1.What do you think are the reasons why people philosophize?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
___
2. What are the practical uses of philosophy in our lives?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
___

Rubrics:

Structure/Logic and Transition 15 points

Content 15 points
Vocabulary/Word Choice 10 points
Grammar 10 points
Total 50 points

B. How does our personal paradigm blind us in seeing the world?

Are the lines parallel or crooked?

Is this even possible?

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 Is this a face or a word?

Additional Activities

Using the Primary and Secondary reflection of Gabriel Marcel, reflect on the
meaning of becoming a person and answer the following questions.

Guide Questions:

1. Partial perspective:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. Holistic perspective:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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Rubrics:
Structure/Logic and Transition 15 points
Content 15 points
Vocabulary/Word Choice 10 points
Grammar 10 points
Total 50 points

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What is the basic meaning of Philosophy?

a. Wisdom
b. Knowledge
c. Love of reason
d. Love of wisdom

2. What is the Greek word of love?

a. Philia
b. Thalia
c. Sophia
d. Paedon

3. Which branch of Philosophy explores the fundamental nature of reality and

existence?
a. Logic
b. Ethics
c. Metaphysics
d. Epistemology

4. Which of the following branches of philosophy studies the nature of knowledge?

a. Logic
b. Ethics
c. Metaphysics
d. Epistemology

5. Which of the following is the science of correct thinking?

a. Logic
b. Ethics
c. Aesthetics
d. Epistemology

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6. Which of the following is an activity that requires a person to examine his/her
thoughts, feelings and actions and learn from experience?
a. Analysis
b. Reflection
c. Meditation
d. Perspective

7. It is a perspective that considers the “bigger picture.” when looking at problems

and situations.
a. Partial
b. Holistic
c. Modular
d. Conventional

8. It is a perspective that focuses on specific aspects of a situation.

a. Partial
b. Holistic
c. Modular
d. Conventional

9. Who is the proponent of Primary and Secondary reflection?

a. Plato
b. Socrates
c. Gabriel Marcel
d. Rene Descartes

10. Who is the author of the “Allegory of the Cave”?

a. Plato
b. Socrates
c. Gabriel Marcel
d. Rene Descartes

I. TRUE OR FALSE. The following are statements about the meaning and process
of philosophy. On a separate sheet of paper, write TRUE if the sentence is
correct, write FALSE otherwise.

1. Knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development.

2. Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing.
3. According to Plato, the experience of metaphysical uneasiness leads one
philosophize.
4. The experience of doubt is one of the reasons why people philosophize.
5. Ignorance hinders philosophizing.

25
 26
What I Know Assessment
1. C 1. D
2. B 2. A
3. D 3. C
4. C 4. D
5. B 5. A
6. D 6. B
7. D 7. B
8. A 8. A
9. C 9. C
10. D 10. A
11. A 11. True
12. D
12.True
13. D
13. False
14. D
14.True
15. C
15. False
ANSWER KEY
References
Abella, R. D. 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.

n.d. Discordia.loveshade.org. Accessed July 20, 2020.

htttp://Discordia.loveshade.org/apocrypha/elephant.html.
Garcia, M. et. al. 2016. Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person.

Marcel, Gabriel. 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu. March 3.

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marcel/.

Mel Garcia, et.al. 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human person.
n.d. www.mindmotivations.com. Accessed July 18, 2020.
http://www.mindmotivations.com/resources/free/optical-illusions-test-2
n.d.
n.d. www.philosophyzer.com. https://www.philosophyzer.com/the-allegory-of-the-
cave-by-plato-summary-and-meaning/.

27
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education Region III- Learning Resources

Management Section (DepEd Region III-LRMS)
Office Address: Diosdado Macapagal Government Center
Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)