Hazard Identification and Risk

Assessment (HIRA)
 Course Objectives

You will be able to:

• Recognize and identify hazards

• Conduct risk assessments

• Manage risks

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Introduction To and Definition of Hazards

WHAT ARE HAZARDS?

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 What Are Hazards?
Anything with the Potential to Cause Harm

Ask the question: Does Usually People: Poor health,

it have the potential to hidden and in injury or fatality
cause harm? latent form Environment: Negative
If the answer is yes, impact
then it is a hazard.
Asset: Property Damage
Reputation: Business
Loss

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 What Are Hazards?

hazard

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 What Are Hazards?

hazard
HELP!

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Identify the Hazards?

hazard

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An Overview

HAZARD TYPES AND SOURCES

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 Types of Hazards
In the work place, hazards are broadly categorized as:

Ergonomic Physical Psychosocial

Chemical Biological
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 Ergonomic Hazards
Definition: Hazards that occur when work, body
position or working conditions or environment
put strain on one’s body
Ergonomic hazards include

Posture
Workstation
Work Environment

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11
 Physical Hazards
Definition: Hazards caused by transfer of
energy between an object and a worker.

Types of physical hazards include

Mechanical Hazard
Electrical Hazard
Thermal Hazard
Pressure Hazard
Environmental Hazard (noise, radiation, pollution)
Slips, Trips, and Falls

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 Chemical Hazards
Definition: Hazards caused by inhale or
contact with chemicals.

Chemicals may be Chemical are found as

Corrosive Solid
Poisonous Liquid
Explosive Gas

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 Biological Hazards
Definition: Hazards caused by contact with
living organisms or their by-products

Types of substances you may be exposed to include

Blood or other body fluids

Fungi
Bacteria and viruses
Plants
Insect bites

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 Psychosocial Hazards
Definitions: Hazards associated with the
mental stresses of work

Psychosocial hazards are caused by

Workload
Workplace Violence
Harassment
Peer Group Pressure

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Sources of Hazards

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 Presence of Hazards
Hazards in the work area are not always observable
to the eye; sometimes we need to look closer.

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 Hazard Identification – Consider the Past, Present
and Future
What has gone wrong in the past?
Root Cause
Historical Historical Records
conditions Process Experience
Near Misses

What could go wrong currently?

Existing Brainstorming Identified
Identified
Observation
conditions Checklists
Hazards
Hazards

Future What could go wrong due to change?

conditions
Possible Change
What-If Judgement
Prediction

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 Hazard Identification (HAZID)

Hazard identification requires:

• Being team-based
• Being proactive when searching for hazards
• Assessing all hazards
• Also assessing current control system

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Overview and Definitions

RISK ASSESSMENT

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 What Is Risk?
Risk is the likelihood that a specified harm is
caused from a particular hazard.

hazard

risk
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 What Is Risk?
Risk is a computation of the likelihood of harm
being done and severity of that harm

Risk = Likelihood X Severity

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 What Is Risk Assessment?
A Risk Assessment is simply a careful examination of

• What, in your work,

• Could cause harm to people, so that you can
• Assess whether you have taken enough
precautions or
• Should do more to prevent harm.

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 Risk Assessment - Steps

1. Hazard Identification
2. Identify who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide on
precautions
4. Identify control measures and record your
findings
5. Communicate risks and recommend
actions and review if needed

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 Risk Assessment - Steps

 1. Hazard Identification
2. Identify who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks decide on precautions
4. Identify control measures and record your
findings
5. Communicate risks and recommend
actions and review if needed

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 Step 2: Identify Who Might Be
Harmed and How
• Workers carrying out the • Pregnant women
task • Persons with disabilities

• Other nearby workers • Property

• Environment
• Visitors
• Company reputation
• Maintenance staffs

• New/young workers

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 Risk Assessment - Steps
 1. Hazard Identification
2. Identify who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide on
precautions.
4. Identify control measures and record your
findings.
5. Communicate risks and recommend
actions and review if needed

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 Risk Assessment - Steps
 1. Hazard Identification
 2. Identify who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide on
precautions
4. Identify control measures and record your
findings
5. Communicate risks and recommend
actions and review if needed

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Step 3: Evaluate the Risks

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 What Is Consequence?
Consequence is the degree of harm.

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Consequence: Levels of Severity
Harm to People

SEVERITY TABLE
Level Number Level Type Definition

1 Low Minor first aid treatment

2 Minor Medical treatment

3 Moderate Lost time injury

4 Major Fatality or permanent disability

5 Critical Multiple fatalities

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 What Is Likelihood?
Likelihood is the probability that the
consequence will occur

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 Likelihood
LIKELIHOOD TABLE
Level Number Level Type Definition

1 Rare Occurs at least once in 100 years

2 Unlikely Occurs at least once every 10 years

3 Possible Occurs at least once a year

4 Likely Occurs at least once a month

5 Almost Certain Occurs at least once a week

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 Risk Assessment Table
SEVERITY

RISK ASSESSMENT TABLE Low Minor Moderate Major Critical

1 2 3 4 5

Rare 1 1 2 3 4 5

L
I Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8 10
K
E
L
Possible 3 3 6 9 12 15
I
H
O
O Likely 4 4 8 12 16 20
D

Almost Certain 5 5 10 15 20 25

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What We’ve Learned So Far: Review

Hazard Identification  1. Hazard Identification

Hazard & Scenario Analysis  2. Identify who might be harmed

dddand how
Likelihood Consequences
 3. Evaluate the risks and decide on
Risk precautions

Next:
4. Identify control measures and record your findings
5. Communicate risks and recommend actions and review
if needed

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 Step 4: Identify Control Measures
Hierarchy of Control Measures
Most
Preferred Eliminate / Substitute

Engineering Controls

Administrative Measures

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Least
Preferred

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 Definitions of Control Measures
Control Description Example
Remove, redesign the process or Eliminating the use of a
Elimination
plant so the hazard does not exist chemical
Hazard substituted with something of Hazardous chemical with
Substitution
a lesser risk Non hazardous chemical
Engineering/ Hazard controlled through isolation
Machine guarding
Isolation using an engineering measure

Administrative/ Hazard controlled by influencing Safety procedures, rotation,

Training people signage

Personal
Respirators, hearing
Protective Hazard controlled by the use of
protection, protection from
Equipment personal protective equipment
impact
(PPE)

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Effectiveness of Control Measures

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Effectiveness of Control Measures

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Effectiveness of Control Measures

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Effectiveness of Control Measures

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 Step 5: Communicate Risks

Inform the Make the Case to

Relevant People Management
• Chemical handler
• Top management
• Machine operator
• Iron section • Department managers
• Other people at risk • Supervisors

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 Inform the Relevant People
• Chemical handlers, machine operators, etc are at the front line of
risk and must be informed

• All high risk operation operators must be well trained in high risk
operation procedure

• Show them the hazard

• How it can be harmful
• How to manage hazard

• All operators should be trained in Safe Working Procedure

• Regular refresher trainings

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Meeting with Department Manager
• Show them the findings.
• Ask them whether they agree with control measures.
• Remind them of the effectiveness of control measures
• Reach an agreement on control measures to be taken
• Carefully negotiate implementation plan and timeline

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 Review Risk Assessment
• Building Modification
• New equipment
• Changes to
– furniture,
– hazardous substances,
– work activities and
– storage of goods
• Incident

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Creating Value of RA

1. Form the RA Team

Select five participants to form the RA team
• Suitable skills and experience
• Multi-disciplinary
• Equal participation

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 Creating Value of RA
2. Train, Plan, and Conduct Risk
Assessment
• Train the team
• On hazard identification and Risk Assessment
• On how to record findings
• Plan the Risk Assessment at your factory
• Identify areas of factory to be assessed
• Assign areas for each team
• Set the timeline for Risk Assessment
• Communicate it to all supervisors and Department
managers.
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THANK YOU

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