Murad IV of Turkey
Murad IV of Turkey
Murad IV of Turkey
His dominant mother had tried to make him abhor women, and all his life they
induced both lust and hate in Murad. His cruelty became legendary, and, in
his later years, he killed people, especially females, just because off ill humour
or a whim.
Murad, born on July 27, 1612, was 5 years old, when his father, Sultan
Ahmed I (1590-1617), died. Six years later, he ascended the throne after the
second dethronement of his insane uncle, Mad Mustafa I (1591-1639). Over
the next years his mother, Sultana Kösem, ruled with ability from the harem,
but much power was also held by the civil aristocracy and the military, who
where mainly interested in their own advancement. In 1623, the Persians
invaded Iraq. Revolts broke out in Anatolia, and in November 1631 the
Janissaries, the Sultan's standing infantry corps, rioted and broke into the
Palace, killing the Grand Vezir, the Grand Mufti, Murad's favourite page and
13 other high officials. Fearing the fate of his half-brother Osman II, Young
Murad was forced to appoint a Grand Vezir of their choice, but within half a
year he took command of the government, and had the unwanted Grand Vezir
executed. He took revenge on the military that had humiliated him by ordering
the strangulation of more than 500 of their leaders. He had spies scouring
Istanbul, tracking down the leaders of the revolt and other traitors, executing
them on the spot. In Anatolia Murad had 20.000 men executed. In 1635
Murad intended to execute the Armanian immigrants of Constantinople too,
but his Grand Vezir managed to talk this idea out of his mind.
Knowing the strife among the harem women, Sultana Kösem had tried to
encourage her son to homosexual love, showing him only beautiful boys and
keeping him away from girls. During the rest of his life Murad was to show
both feelings of lust and hate for women. Once Murad encountered a group of
women singing in a meadow and ordered all of them to be drowned for
disturbing his peace. When a boat with ladies came too close to the harem
walls, Murad ordered his gunners to open fire, sinking the boat and drowning
them all. At other times, he forced his harem women to jump naked into a
pool. He liked to fire harmless pellets at their bodies or fill the pool with so
much water that they had to jump up and down to take a breath. Murad was
also intensely jealous. A man who added a room to the top of his house was
hanged, because Murad thought he had done it to peer over the palace walls
into his harem.
During the last years of his life Murad became addicted to alcohol. It turned
him into a homicidal maniac. Dimitrie Cantemir of Moldavia (1678-1723)
wrote: "Very often at midnight he stole out of the women's quarters through
the private gate of the palace with his drawn sword, and running through the
streets barefooted with only a loose gown around him, like a madman, killed
whoever came his way." He took particular pleasure in beheading men with fat
necks. Murad practised his powers with the arquebus from the palace walls on
passers by - in case they were intending to look into the harem. While riding
out, armed with his bow, he used to practise his aim on any passing woman.
On February 9, 1640, this Sultan, who had prohibited drinking, died from
cirrhosis of the liver at the age of 27. Since Murad's sons had all died young,
his insane brother Ibrahim became the new Sultan.
Murad IV
OTTOMAN SULTAN
WRITTEN BY:
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
See Article History
Alternative Titles: Amurath IV, Murad Oglu Ahmed I
Murad IV
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Murad IV
مراد رابع
Kayser-i Rûm
Caliph of Islam
17th Ottoman Sultan (Emperor)
Predecessor Mustafa I
Successor Ibrahim
(1623–1632)
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Sanavber Sultan
another wife (possibly)
Issue see below
Full name
Dynasty Ottoman
Father Ahmed I
Tughra
Contents
[hide]
1Biography
o 1.1Early reign (1623–32)
o 1.2Absolute rule and imperial policies (1632–40)
o 1.3War against Safavid Iran
o 1.4Relations with the Mughal Empire
2Architecture
3Family
4Death
5In popular culture
6See also
7References
8Sources
9External links
Biography[edit]
Architecture[edit]
Murad IV put emphasis on architecture and in his period many monuments were erected. The
Baghdad Kiosk, built in 1635, and the Revan Kiosk, built in 1638 in Yerevan, were both built in the
local styles.[12] Some of the others include the Kavak Sarayı pavilion; [13] the Meydanı Mosque; the
Bayram Pasha Dervish Lodge, Tomb, Fountain, and Primary School; and the Şerafettin Mosque
in Konya.
Family[edit]
Consorts
Very little is known about the concubines of Murad IV, principally because he did not leave sons who
survived his death to reach the throne but, privy purse registers record the presence of a single
haseki, Ayşe Sultan until the very end of Murad's seventeen-year reign. [14] It is possible that Murad
had only a single concubine until the advent of the second, or that he had a number of concubines
but singled out only one as haseki.[14] A vakf (meaning charitable foundation) inscription dating from
1628 reveals the existence of a concubine of Murad named Sanavber Hatun, who likely was of
haseki rank.[15] If Ayșe was initially his only concubine, it is probably his lack of male issue that
prompted him to take another, for his sons all died in infancy. [14]
Sons
Kaya Sultan alias Ismihan (1633 – 1659, buried in Mustafa I Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia
Mosque, Istanbul),[16] married August 1644, Damat Abaza Melek Ahmed Pasha, Vizier 1638 and
1650–1651;[17][18][16][19][20]
Safiye Sultan (buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Blue Mosque, Istanbul), [16] married 1659,
Damat Abaza Husein Pasha, Vizier 1674–1675, son of Abaza Siyavuş Pasha;[17]
Rukiye Sultan (died 1696, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Blue Mosque, Istanbul), [16] married
firstly 1663, Şeytan Divrikli Ibrahim Pasha, Vizier, married secondly 1693 Damat Gürcü Mehmed
Pasha.[17]
Death[edit]
Murad IV died from cirrhosis in Istanbul at the age of 27 in 1640.[21]
Rumours had circulated that on his deathbed, Murad IV ordered the execution of his mentally
disabled brother, Ibrahim (reigned 1640–48), which would have meant the end of the Ottoman line.
However, the order was not carried out.[22]
Murat IV.
Sultan Murad IV was born in June 26, 1612 in Istanbul. His father is Sultan Ahmet I and his mother is Mahpeyker Kosem
Sultana. His mother is Greek originated. Murad was a tall, huge man with a round face. He is one of the most powerful sultans of
the Ottoman history. He was very good at archery. He was so intelligent, strong, courageous and energetic. He proved his
strength in the wars he had taken place. Murad was a very religious man and he called the Seyhulislam Yahya Efendi (Minister of
Religious Affairs) as "father". He had forbidden tobacco and alcohol. In his period to go out at nights was forbidden too. He had
spoken Arabic and European languages. He was very fond of science and he encouraged the scientists for new inventions. For
example; he supported Hazerfen Ahmet Celebi, who made first flight in the history by affixing wings. Ahmet Celebi flew from
the Tower of Galata to Uskudar. Sultan Murad followed closely the circumstances around and he interfered if necessary. During
his first years he reigned under the guardianship of his mother, afterwards he ended the sovereignty of women in the palace and
he punished the disloyal and deceitful viziers. He tried to solve the problems of the empire. He reigned for 17 years but he died at
the age of 28 because of an illness. His sovereign can be considered in two parts. He was ascended at the age of 11 and his
mother Kosem Sultan ruled the country. Kosem Sultan and the viziers on her side had lynched Hafız Ahmet Pasha to the soldiers,
in front of child sultan. This period was attended with great disasters. On the date he was enthroned the state administration was
in a situation of corruption. Graft, bribing and favouritism prevailed in the country and it was almost impossible to execute state
affairs. Wars continued with Persia in the East and Austria in the West. His first action was to take unnecessarily severe
precautions in order to eliminate the violence and bribing within the state. He succeeded to annihilate perturbation in Istanbul and
the provinces. He recovered the military discipline and ensured compliance with laws, ordinances and directives. He
implemented the measures for the regular collection of taxes in order to increase the state's revenues and for avoiding fund
shortage in the treasury arising out of unne- cessary expenditure. He used to go around in disguise when necessary and observed
perturbations, undisciplined actions and irregularities; and personally punished the offenders. He has participated in wars and
raised the morale of commanders and the soldiers in the trenches. He would never tolerate unfairness and disorder. The first
Sovereign in our history. who has murdered a sheikhulislam was Sultan Murad iV Alcoholic drinks and tobacco ban was
implemented during this period also. The peace and harmony in the Ottoman lands were completely lost and tyrants became the
rulers of the cities. Murad took the authority in his adolescent and repressed all the tyrants, and he re-established the supremacy
of Sultan. By prohibiting tobacco he assimilated the idles gathering in the taverns. He restored the judicial regulations by very
strict punishments and even by many executions.
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