Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9
SCIENCE
Quarter 3 - Module 1
TYPES OF VOLCANOES
AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Science – Grade 9
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Adora J. Balanay
Editor: Maryjoie S. Cañete
Reviewer: Maryjoie S. Cañete
Layout Artists: Franklin Benitez, Oliver A. Manalo
Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr. - Schools Division Superintendent
Lourma I. Poculan - Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Amelinda D. Montero - Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Nur N. Hussien - Chief Education Supervisor, SGOD
Ronillo S. Yarag - Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
Zyhrine P. Mayormita - Education Program Supervisor, Science
Leo Martinno O. Alejo - Project Development Officer II, LRMS
Vilma C. Velasco - Public Schools District Supervisor
Virginia E. Tagab - School Principal, Miputak NHS

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region IX – Dipolog City Schools Division

Office Address: Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog City

Zamboanga del Norte, 7100
Telefax: (065) 212-6986 and (065) 212-5818
E-mail Address: dipolog.city@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know
The Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7,100 islands. Most of these
islands are of volcanic origin. The Philippines is surrounded by plates (slabs of solid
rocks) where volcanoes usually formed, making it vulnerable to volcanic eruptions
and earthquakes. The Philippines lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
In the previous grade level, you have learned the basic concepts about
volcanoes. The lessons and activities covered in this module allow you to explore
more about this beautiful yet potentially destructive landform – volcano and volcanic
eruptions.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions.

What's In

Activity 1: Remember Me!

Directions:
A. Read each statement carefully. Select the correct term from the word bank
and write your answer in the blank space provided.

lava vent conduit volcanic ash crater

1. ____________ opening in the Earth’s crust through which gases, ash and lava
escape
2. ____________ mixture of rock, mineral and glass particles erupted during
volcanic eruption
3. ____________ mouth of the volcano that surrounds the volcanic vent
4. ____________ underground passage where magma travels through
5. ____________ molten rock that erupts from a volcano and solidifies as it cools
B. Determine the external parts of a volcano using the telegraph Morse code
and write each term in the concept map.

Figure 1. Morse Code

(Source: Discovery World Organization)

1. •••−/ • / −• / − 3. −•−•/ −−− / −• / •

__________________ _____________________

2. •••/••−/−−/−−/••/− 4. −•−• / •−• / •− / − / • / •−•

__________________ ______________________

1
 1. 3.

Parts of a
VOLCANO

2. 4.

Figure 2. External Parts of a Volcano

What's New
Activity 2: Picture Out!
Directions: Describe Mayon Volcano in the picture by filling in the correct answer in the
concept map below.

Figure 3. Mt. Mayon

(Picture Credits: USGS)

VOLCANO

State: What material(s)

What is the shape?
Active/Inactive? is/are released?

Figure 4. Concept Map of Volcano

2
 Some of us may not have seen the actual Mayon volcano but have seen
photographs of this famous Philippine tourist spot. In the activity, you were able to
describe the external parts of the volcano. But how are volcanoes classified? Let us
find out in the next part of this module.

What is it

A volcano is a vent that directly

connects magma to the surface of the
Earth. It is also described as a
mountain or hill, typically conical,
having a crater or vent through which
lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and
gas are being erupted from the Earth's
crust.

The summit is the highest point

of a volcano. The crater, which is the
mouth of the volcano, is sometimes
confused with a caldera. A caldera
is a large depression formed when a
volcano erupts and collapses. The
conduit is the pipe or the channel that conveys the magma. The secondary pipes or
the branch pipes originate from the conduit. Figure 5. Parts of Volcano
Magma comes from a large underground (Credits: free-vector)

pool of molten rocks called the magma chamber or the magma reservoir.

Volcanoes are classified as active and inactive based on their behavior or

historical records of eruptions. The accounts of the eruption are documented and
analyzed based only on datable materials. Within the last 600 years, active
volcanoes have
erupted, and accounts
of these eruptions were
recorded by man within
the last 10,000 years
based on the analyses of
material from young
volcanic deposits. They
are likely to erupt again.
Mt. Mayon in the
Philippines is an active
volcano. An inactive
volcano being dormant
Figure 6. Classification of Volcanoes based on Periodicity of Eruptions
is sometimes called a (Source: https://smoothknowledge.com/2017/10/21/periodicity-of-eruption/)
"sleeping volcano" that
has not erupted for a very long time but may erupt at a future time.

3
 Some volcanoes are classified as extinct. They are not expected to erupt in
the future like the ancient Mt. Kenya in Africa.

What are the different types of volcanoes?

Volcanoes are classified based on shape as follows:

Composite volcanoes or
stratovolcanoes are large,
nearly perfect sloped
structures formed by alternate
solidification of both lava and
pyroclastic deposits formed
from multiple eruptions. This
type of volcano is commonly
found in the Pacific Ring of Figure 7. Composite Cone Volcano Figure 8. Mayon Volcano
(Credit: mohammedshrine.org) (Photo Credit: vigattintourism.com)
Fire. One perfect example is
Mayon Volcano.

A shield volcano is very big in

size, formed by the
accumulation of lava that oozes
out from the volcano. Since
non-viscous lava can flow
freely, a broad and slightly
domed structure that
resembles a warrior's shield is
formed. They are not as Figure 10. The Mauna Loa
Figure 9. Shield Cone Volcano
dangerous as that size might (Credits: mohammedshrine.org)
(Photo Credits: townandtourist.com)

make it seem because the

eruption of lava out of shield volcanoes is not accompanied by pyroclastic material
(bursts of gas and particles). An example of this type of volcano is Mauna Loa in
Hawaii.

A cinder cone volcano, also

known as a scoria cone, is the
simplest type of volcano. It is
formed when explosive activity
throws magma into the air,
which cools into cinders and
settles around the volcano's
opening. The eruption contains
little lava, as the magma
hardens and breaks into pieces Figure 12. Paricutin
Figure 11. Cinder Cone
during the explosion. As a Volcano Volcano
(Photo Credits: .worldatlas.com)
result, cinder cone volcanoes (Credits: mohammedshrine.org)

tend to be smaller than other types of volcanoes. An example of this type is Paricutin
Volcano in Mexico, the Lava Butte, and Sunset Crate.

4
What are the different types of volcanic eruptions?

Volcanoes erupt differently. Volcanologists classify eruptions into several

different types. Some are named for particular volcanoes where the type of eruption
is common; others are for the resulting shape of the eruptive products or the place
where the eruptions occur. They are generally classified as wet or dry depending on
the magma's water content. Here are some of the most common types of eruptions.

Volcanoes are described according to the style of the eruption as follows:

a. Phreatic or hydrothermal
It is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks
come in contact with water. It is short-lived,
characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of
a more enormous eruption. The Taal Volcano in
Batangas has this type of eruption.
Figure 13. Taal Volcano
(Photo Credits: USGS)
b. Phreatomagmatic
A violent volcanic eruption due to the contact
between water and magma and can be very
explosive. The water can be from groundwater,
hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake, or the
sea. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and
high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics
called base surges are observed.
Figure 14. Surtsey Volcano in Iceland
(Photo Credits: curiousatlas.com)
c. Strombolian
A periodic weak to violent eruption
characterized by fountain lava, the explosions
usually occur every few minutes at regular or
irregular intervals. The bursts of lava, which can
reach hundreds of meters, are caused by the
bursting of large bubbles of gas, which travel
upward in the magma-filled conduit until they
reach the open air like the Irazu Volcano in Costa
Rica.
They are one of the least violent explosive
Figure 15. Irazu Volcano
eruptions, although they can still be very (Photo Credits: USGS)

dangerous if lava flows reach inhabited areas.

5
d. Vulcanian
This type of eruption results from the
fragmentation and explosion of a lava plug in a
volcanic conduit or from the rupture of a lava
dome (viscous lava that piles up over a vent).
Vulcanian eruptions create powerful explosions
in which material can travel faster than 350
meters per second (800 mph) and rise several
kilometers into the air. They produce tephra, ash
clouds, and pyroclastic dense currents (clouds of
hot ash, gas, and rock that flow almost like
fluids). An example is the Paricutin Volcano in Figure 16. Paricutin Volcano
Mexico. (Photo Credits: USGS)

Vulcanian eruptions may be repetitive and go on for days, months, or years,

or they may precede even larger explosive eruptions.

e. Plinian
It is described as an excessively explosive and
violent type of eruption where gases boiling out of
gas-rich magma generate massive and nearly
continuous spurting blasts that core out the
magma conduit and rip it apart. The eruption
columns of gases and volcanic fragments that can
rise to 50 km (35 miles) high at speeds of hundreds
of meters per second resemble a gigantic rocket
blast directed vertically upward. Plinian eruption
Figure 17. Pinatubo Volcano
clouds can rise into the stratosphere and are (Photo Credits: USGS)
sometimes continuously produced for several hours.
Ash from the eruption column can drift or be blown hundreds or thousands of
miles away from the volcano, just like the Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales.
Lightning strikes caused by a buildup of static electricity are commonly seen close
to Plinian ash clouds, adding one more terror element to the eruption.

Volcanic eruptions happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic
vent. The most dangerous type of volcanic eruption is referred to as a 'glowing
avalanche.' This happens when freshly erupted magma forms hot pyroclastic flows
with temperatures of up to 1,200 degrees Celsius.

Volcanic eruptions are one of Earth's most dramatic and violent agents of
change. Not only can powerful explosive eruptions drastically alter land and water
forms for tens of kilometers around a volcano, but tiny liquid droplets of sulfuric acid
erupted into the stratosphere can change our planet's climate temporarily.

6
 What's More
Activity 3: Check Me!
Directions: Indicate a check () mark for the following volcanoes in the Philippines to
identify the active from inactive volcanoes. Refer to the number of historical records of
eruptions.
Number of
Last
Volcano Historical Record of ACTIVE INACTIVE
Erupted
Eruptions
1. Mayon in Albay 48 2018
2. Musuan in Bukidnon 2 1887
3. Mount Cabaluyan 0 -
4. Mount Camiguin 1 1857
5. Mount Cocoro 0 -
6. Mount Hibok-Hibok 6 1902
7. Mount Iraya 1 1454
8. Mount Kanlaon 26 2006
9. Mount Makaturing 2 1858
10. Mount Pinatubo 3 1993
11.Mount Pulung 0 -
12. Mount Smith 6 1924
13. Mount Taal 34 2020
14. Mount Tamburok 0 -
15. Mount Urot 0 -
(Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, accessed September 30, 2013)

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Find Me, Buddy!
Directions: Search and encircle the terms associated with volcanoes found in
the word bank.
WORD SEARCH

Word Bank P E C L I P E Y E A O M
ASH W D R K A F V A B R B A
P S A W O V O Y O A J I
LAVA P I T A V O A A S B E N
MAIN VENT X C E S P D T E K E C V
T M R H E H E S J O T E
MAGMA A M I R R O R T C F I N
CRATER P N A A Y A I A Z O V T
Q L M G O R S G G S E U
I B P Y M A T E T M S X
N O S E P A E C E E G C
N Z R I S W E V M H G O

7
Activity 5A: Complete Me!
Direction: Use the word bank to fill in the blank spaces and complete the paragraphs
below.

Word Bank
composite steep lava volcano Earth’s
crust ash magma hardened gases

A________ is an opening in the _____________ crust where liquid rock called _________
escapes onto the surface. Scientists call this a volcanic eruption. Once on the surface, the
magma is called ________________ and can flow for many miles. Not all eruption is the
same. Different types of volcanoes erupt in different ways. Some volcanoes erupt with lots
of flowing lava; others erupt explosively with hot _________ and cinders.

The most explosive volcanoes are known as _____________ volcanoes. They explosively
erupt with high amounts of ash, and deadly ___________. Cinder cones are usually less
than 1000 feet tall and have very ________ sides. Although small, they can do damage with
a high amount of _________ and cinder materials. Shield volcanoes are made of ___________
lava from past eruptions. The lava spreads out to form new ___________ and covers a large
area with gently sloping sides.

Activity 5B: Volca-Know Concept Mapping

Direction: Complete the concept map by supplying the appropriate term (word or
phrase) to summarize the key concepts you have learned about volcanoes.

are 1.___________ abundant in the Philippines

because 2._____________

are inactive if are extinct if

classified into: are active if 5.____________ 6.___________
3._____________ 4.__________

which are also For example: For example: For example:

classified based on 8.__________ 9. ________ 10.___________
type of eruption as:
7.
____________________

8
 What I Can Do

Activity 6: Let's Know It!

Directions: Read the Taal Volcano bulletin report dated January 24, 2020, and
answer the following questions.
TAAL VOLCANO BULLETIN, January 24, 2020 @ 8:00 A.M.

Volcano icon for bulletin Activity in the Main Crater in the past 24 hours has been
characterized by weak to moderate emission of white steam-laden plumes 50 to 500 meters
high from the Main Crater that drifted southwest. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission was measured
at an average of 224 tonnes/day.

The Philippine Seismic Network (PSN) plotted a total of seven hundred thirty-eight (738)
volcanic earthquakes since 1:00 PM, January 12, 2020. One hundred seventy-six (176) of
these registered at magnitudes M1.2-M4.1 and were felt at Intensities I-V. Since 5:00 AM on
January 23, 2020 until 5:00 AM today, there were seven (7) volcanic earthquakes plotted that
registered at magnitudes M1.2-M2.7 with no felt event.

For the past 24 hours, the Taal Volcano Network, which can record small earthquakes
undetectable by the PSN, recorded four hundred eighty-six (486) volcanic earthquakes
including four (4) low-frequency earthquakes. Such intense activity likely signifies continuous
magmatic intrusion beneath the Taal edifice, which may lead to further eruptive activity.

Alert Level 4 still remains in effect over Taal Volcano. This means that hazardous
explosive eruption is possible within hours to days. DOST-PHIVOLCS strongly reiterates total
evacuation of Taal Volcano Island and high-risk areas as identified in the hazard maps within
the 14-km radius from Taal Main Crater and along the Pansipit River Valley where fissuring
has been observed. Based on PAGASA wind forecast, if the eruption plume remains below five
(5) km, ash will be drifted to the municipalities west and northwest of the Main Crater;
however, if a major eruption occurs during the day and the eruption column exceeds 7 km,
ash will also be drifted over the western parts of Laguna and Quezon provinces. Residents
around the volcano are advised to guard against the effects of heavy and prolonged ashfall.
Civil aviation authorities must advise pilots to avoid the airspace around Taal Volcano as
airborne ash and ballistic fragments from the eruption column pose hazards to aircraft. DOST-
PHIVOLCS is continually monitoring the eruption and will update all stakeholders of further
developments.
DOST-PHIVOLCS

9
Activity Questions:
Q1. Based on the bulletin report, what type of volcanic eruption did Taal Volcano
have?
__________________________________________________________________________
______________
Q2. What other geologic event was associated with Taal Volcano eruption?
___________________
Q3. What were the emergency plans prepared or conducted by LGU Batangas City
in coordination with DOST-PHIVOLCS for the safety of its residents?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Direction: Read each statement carefully and circle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. What type of volcano is commonly found in the Pacific Ring of Fire?

A. Cinder volcano C. Shield volcano
B. Scoria cone D. Stratovolcano
2. The semi-molten rock underneath a volcano is called___________.
A. Geyser C. Lava
B. Lahar D. Magma
3. A volcano that is said to be dormant is classified as__________.
A. Active C. Inactive
B. Extinct D. Tectonic
4. What part of a typical volcano is described as the opening through which
volcanic materials are ejected?
A. Vent C. Crater
B. Flank D. Ash layer
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of volcano base on shape?
A. Composite C. Shield
B. Vulcanian D. Cinder
6. Which type of volcano has broad summit areas, which makes it resemble a
warrior's shield?
A. Composite C. Cinder cone
B. Shield D. Inactive

7. What type of volcano has a steep conical hill of volcanic debris deposited around
a volcanic vent?
A. Extinct C. Cinder cone
B. Composite D. Shield
8. Which of the following volcanoes is inactive or dormant?
A. Mt. Apo C. Mt. Urot
B. Mt. Iraya D. Mt. Hibok-hibok

10
9. What type of volcanic eruption results from the fragmentation and explosion of
a plug of lava in a volcanic conduit, or from the rupture of a lava dome?
A. Plinian
B. Strombolian
C. Vulcanian
D. Phreatomagmatic
10. Which one is NOT a common sign that a volcano is about to erupt?
A. Occurrence of volcanic tremors
B. Crater glow due to the presence of magma at or near the crater
C. Rocks falls and landslide from the summit after days of heavy rains
D. Change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to entrained
ash

Additional Activities
Activity 7: Create Me!
Materials Needed: bond paper, crayons, color pens, pencil
Procedure:

1. Draw a model of a volcano on a bond paper.

2. Put colors using crayons or color pens.
3. Label each part correctly.
4. Refer to the rubric for your guidance in the making of your output.

Rubric
Criteria Not Good - 1 Good - 2 Very Good - 3
Volcano Incomplete and not Mostly complete and Complete and accurate
Information/ accurate. Learning needs accurate. Learning is information was
Label reinforcement. somewhat evident given. Learning is
evident
Craftmanship Work is not neat and Work is organized, neat, Work is organized and
and Creativity seems haphazardly and planned. Few well-planned; neat
done. Necessary creative creative details are and attractive.
details are displayed. added to the basics. Output has many
creative details.

11
Answer Key Gr9Q3Module1

What's In
What’s More
Activity 1: Remember Me! Activity # 3 Check Me!
A.
1. vent
2. volcanic ash
3. crater
4. conduit
5. lava

B.
1.vent
2.summit
3.cone
4.crater

Whats New

Activity 2: Picture Out!

Box #1- active
Box #2-cone shape
Box #3- ash, lava

Activity 5: Complete Me!

What I have learn
Activity 4: Find Me Buddy!
A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust where a liquid rock called magma
escapes onto the surface. Scientist calls this a volcanic eruption. Once on the
surface, the magma is called lava and can flow for many miles. Not all eruption is
the same. Different types of volcanoes erupt in different ways. Some volcanoes erupt
with lots of flowing lava; others erupt explosively with hot ash and cinders.

The most explosive volcanoes are known as composite volcanoes. They explosively
erupt with high amounts of ash, and deadly gases. Cinder cones are usually less
than 1000 feet tall and have very steep sides. Although small, they can do damage
with a high amount of ash and cinder materials. Shield volcanoes are made of
hardened lava from past eruptions. The lava spreads out to form a new crust and
covers a large area with gently sloping sides.

What I can do
Activity 6: Let's Know It!

1. phreatomagmatic eruption
2. volcanic earthquake
3. Total evacuation in the high-risk area in Taal Volcano, no airspace
around Taal Volcano, and intensive monitoring of volcanic activity.

Assessment

1. d
2. d
3. d
4. b
5. d
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. c

12
References
Printed Materials

Department of Education, (2014). Unit 3: Earth and Space, Science Learner's

Module 9
(pp 163-179).Pasig City, Philippines

Department of Education, (2014). Unit 3: Earth and Space, Science Teacher's

Guide Module 9
Pasig City, Philippines

Online Resources

Morse Code
Source:https://www.discoveryworld.org/about/blog/discover_at_home/morse-
code/

Parts of Volcano
https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/part-volcano_10107691.htm

Classification of Volcanoes based on Periodicity of Eruptions

Source: https://smoothknowledge.com/2017/10/21/periodicity-of-eruption/

Types of volcano
Source: http://istic.venet.wigeg.mohammedshrine.org/ash-cinder-volcano-diagram-
shield-volcano.html

Different types of volcanoes

https://owlcation.com/stem/4-Different-Types-of-Volcanoes-Cinder-Cones-Lava-
Domes-Shield-and-Composite-Volcanoes

Types of Volcanic eruption

https://geology.com/volcanoes/types-of-volcanic-eruptions/
https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/eruptions.html

Surtsey Volcano in Iceland

Source: http://www.curiousatlas.com/surtsey-newest-island-world/

https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcanoes-of-the-
philippines

Volcanoes Types and Parts

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Volcano-Types-and-Parts-Information-
and-Diagram-1812740

DOST-PHIVOLCS Taal Volcano Report

https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/taal-volcano-bulletin-menu/9685-
taal-volcano-bulletin-24-january-2020-8-00-a-m

13
 Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden Land
Here the trees and flowers bloom Gallant men And Ladies fair Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos, Ilongos,
Here the breezes gently Blow, Linger with love and care All of them are proud and true
Here the birds sing Merrily, Golden beams of sunrise and sunset Region IX our Eden Land
The liberty forever Stays, Are visions you’ll never forget
Oh! That’s Region IX Region IX
Our..
Here the Badjaos roam the seas Hardworking people Abound, Eden...
Here the Samals live in peace Every valleys and Dale Land...
Here the Tausogs thrive so free Zamboangueños, Tagalogs, Bicolanos,
With the Yakans in unity

My Final Farewell
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!, And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best, Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost. From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.

On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight, Pray for all those that hapless have died,
Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed; For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white, For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight, For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need. And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain

I die just when I see the dawn break, An d when t he d ar k night wr a p s t he gr av eyar d ar o un d
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day; W it h only t he de a d in t heir v igil t o se e
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take, Br ea k n ot my r e p os e or t he m yst er y pr of o un d
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake An d p er ch anc e t ho u m ayst he ar a sa d hy mn r es o un d
To dye with its crimson the waking ray. 'T i s I, O m y c ou nt r y, r aising a s ong unt o t hee.

My dreams, when life first opened to me, An d ev en my gr av e i s r em em ber ed n o m or e

My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high, Unmar k' d by nev er a cr os s nor a st on e
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea Let t he pl ow sw ee p t hr o ugh it , t he s p ad e t ur n it o 'er
From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free; That m y ash es m ay c ar p et ear t hly f l oor ,
No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye. Bef or e int o not hi ngne ss at l ast t hey ar e bl own.

Dream of my life, my living and burning desire, The n will o bliv i on br in g t o m e no car e
All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight; As ov er t hy v ales an d plai ns I swe ep;
All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ; Thr o b bing an d cle ans e d in t hy s pac e an d air
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire; W it h col or an d light , wit h s ong an d l ame nt I f ar e,
And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night. Ev er r e pe at ing t he f ait h t hat I ke ep.

If over my grave some day thou seest grow, My F at her lan d a d or ' d, t hat s adn es s t o m y s or r ow le n ds
In the grassy sod, a humble flower, Bel ov e d Fili pin as, h ear no w my la st go o d - by!
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so, I giv e t hee all: par ent s an d kin dr e d an d f r ien ds
While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below For I g o wher e no slav e bef or e t he op pr ess or ben ds,
The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power. W her e f ait h c an nev er k ill, an d G o d r eign s e' er on hi gh!

Let the moon beam over me soft and serene, Far ew ell t o y o u all, f r o m my s o ul t or n a way,
Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes, Fr ien ds of my chi ldh o o d in t he h om e di s po ss es se d!
Let the wind with sad lament over me keen ; Giv e t han ks t hat I r est f r om t h e wear i so me da y!
And if on my cross a bird should be seen, Far ew ell t o t hee, t o o, swe et f r ien d t hat lig ht ene d my way;
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes. Bel ov e d cr e at ur es al l, f ar ewell ! In d eat h t her e is r est !

I Am a Filipino, by Carlos P. Romulo

I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The
future. As such I must prove equal to a two-fold task–the task of East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance,
meeting my responsibility to the past, and the task of performing was my mother, and my sire was the West that came thundering
my obligation to the future. across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of
I sprung from a hardy race, child many generations removed of the East, an eager participant in its spirit, and in its struggles for
ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries the memory comes liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I also know that the East
rushing back to me: of brown-skinned men putting out to sea in must awake from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has
ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout. Over the sea I see bound his limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.
them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling wind, I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall I give
carried upon the mighty swell of hope–hope in the free abundance that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I shall give the pledge
of new land that was to be their home and their children’s forever. that has come ringing down the corridors of the centuries, and it
I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes–seed shall be compounded of the joyous cries of my Malayan forebears
that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance. when first they saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes,
In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that sent Lapulapu to of the battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat from
battle against the first invader of this land, that nerved Lakandula Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they sing:
in the combat against the alien foe, that drove Diego Silang and “I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom
Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor. shall have been added unto my inheritance—for myself and my
The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my children and my children’s children—forever.”
manhood, the symbol of dignity as a human being. Like the seeds
that were once buried in the tomb of Tutankhamen many thousand 14
years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the
insignia of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the
unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.