Terms For Forensic 4 Midterm

TERMS
1. Document - The most common meaning give to the term “document” is “any
material which contains marks, symbols or signs, in which these components
may ether be visible, partially visible or invisible legally competent in
conveying a meaning or message to someone”.
2. Documents - with visible marks, symbols or signs are practically documents
whose marks. Symbols or signs are clearly seen and can be readily deciphered
by all writings, symbols, marks or signs are vividly legible to the reader the
reader.
3. Questioned Document - The term offers varied meanings such as any material,
“any material or any document in which some issue has been raised”; or that
which is under security”; or “a document which has a doubtful origin.”
4. Questioned Document Examination or Q.D. E. - QDE is a term use to refer to
the act of making a close and critical study of any document-questioned
disputed or attacked, necessary to discover the facts about them.
5. Comparison -A process or act undertaken in QDE in which two or more items
are set side by side (juxta position) to weigh their identifying qualities.
Comparison of items may not only refer to visual but also the mental act in
which the element of one item is related to the counterparts of the other.
6. Collation - As used in this text the term collation means, ordering or
assembling of detailed results of critical comparison of questioned documents
or unified result of detailed comparison between different items or forms of
information.
7. Opinion. - The term opinion is a technical term used in QDE which may refer to
the document examiner's conclusion.
8. Natural variation - The term natural variation when used in reference to
questioned handwriting shall refer to the normal or usual deviations found
between repeated specimen of any individual handwriting or in the product of
any type writer.
9. Natural writing - Refers to any specimen of writing executed normally without
any attempt to control or alter its identifying habits and its usual quality or
execution.
10.Q.D Examiner - is responsible for proper examination of questioned and
standard specimen. He is expected to perform his task scientifically and
without the influence of parties who have interest in the case. The results of
his examination shall serve as basis of the court in giving resolution to the
case, hence, skills, competence, professionalism, trust, and confidence is laid
upon him.
11.Documents with questioned signatures – these are the most common
disputed documents. They maybe commercial or legal paper, such as a check,
note, receipt, draft, order, contract, agreements, assignments, will, deed, or
similar, documents, the signature of which is under suspicion. Under this class
are found the traced forgery and the forgery produced by simulating or
copying process.
12.Documents containing alleged fraudulent alterations – included here are all
documents in which it is alleged that some alteration was made by erasure,
addition, interlineations or substitution. Questions may arise as to the order or
sequence of writing as shown by crossed lines, age and continuity of writing,
erasures and changes, identity of ink, identity of pen and condition, fraudulent
interlineations in contracts, deed, will, and other legal purposes.
13.Class style characteristics - are those which conform to the general style when
learning to write and became fashionable at a particular time and place due to
continuous writing and practice.
14.Individual Style or Form of Writing - Every individual write in some form or
style which is distinct from others despite its close resemblance. The preceding
is descriptions and illustrations of individual style or form of writing which
describe the foregoing statements.
15.Pen Jump – a failure to complete a junction of a connecting stroke without
lifting the pen; a gap occurring between a continuous stoke without lifting the
pen such occurrences were due to speed. The hiatus may also e stated as pen
jump.
16.Standard Documents - These are sets of authentic specimens which are either
procured or requested containing a true cross-section of the material from a
known source.
17.Questioned documents. A questioned document is any document in which
some issue about its authenticity or authorship has been raised or any of its
properties is under scrutiny. A disputed document suggests that there is any
argument or controversy over the document.
18.Handwriting may be defined as the result of a very complicated series of acts,
a combination of certain forms of visible mental and muscular habit acquired
by long continued painstaking efforts.
19.Handwriting is a skill useful to a person because a person who has learned to
write can put thoughts on paper for others to read. The art and practice of
writing is known as penmanship or calligraphy.
20.Movement is related to the handling position of the writing instrument that
creates certain type of motion affecting the quality of writing done specifically,
- the skill, speed, freedom, hesitations, tremors, line quality and alignment.
GOOD LUCK!!!

Terms For Forensic 4 Midterm

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