Universidad Politécnica de Aguascalientes

Ingeniería Mecatrónica

Mechatronic Design

“Electronic Design”

Nombre del alumno:

Luis Eduardo Palacios Velázquez UP180140 up180140@alumnos.upa.edu.mx

Roberto García Durón UP180085 up180085@alumnos.upa.edu.mx
Ithzanami Esparza Gomez UP180136 up180136@alumnos.upa.edu.mx
Jessica Berenice Sandoval Reyes UP180339 up180339@alumnos.upa.edu.mx
Nombre del docente:

José Luis Salazar Aguilar

MTR08A

Aguascalientes, Ags 02 de Agosto del 2021

 PROBLEMATIC

People who have a taste for plants and are interested in being able to plant their
vegetables would like to have their own greenhouse, this to be able to grow the fruits and
vegetables they want, without having to wait for them to be in season,the problem is that
having a Greenhouse is a job that must be dedicated to time and most people do not have
it, either because they have to work, take care oftheir children, support the family, among
many things, which prevents them from being able to grow their own food organic.

HOW DID WE SOLVE THIS PROBLEM?

The technology that we have today is a lot and that is how we plan to solve the previous
problem. It is said that you do not have time to water the plants, what our team will
implement is an irrigation system, this system will be configured in such away that from
time to time (according to the needs of each crop) it will water the plants with the
distribution and adequate quantity.

Since they are not present in the greenhouse all the time, various things that are
detrimental to it can happen, pests and weeds are one of them, in addition to not being
present, you do not realize if the crop is already mature and in optimal conditions to be
eaten. . Thanks to the new greenhouse implemented, all this will not be a problem, an
application will be created that will show the status of the greenhouse, sensors will be
placed to detect if there is any type of pest and notify through the application, in addition to
the application will notify you of the status of vegetables and if they are ripe enough to eat.
Now yes, anyone can have their ownsmart greenhouse without having to be there all the
time.
 PROYECT CHARTER
1. General Project Information

Project Name: S.A.G.H (Smart Automatic Green House)

Executive Sponsors: Jose Luis Salazar

Department Sponsor: ---

Impact of project: It seeks to create a system to make easier and to optimize the
processes ofa green house.

2. Project Team

Name Department Telephone E-mail

Project Manager: Roberto García 449 386 2173 up180085@alumnos.upa.edu.mx

Durón.

Leader Luis Eduardo 449 327 8251 up180140@alumnos.upa.edu.mx

Palacios
Velázquez
Team Members: Ithzanami Esparza 449 343 4999 up180136@alumnos.upa.edu.mx
Gómez.
Jessica Berenice
449 338 1000 up180339@alumnos.upa.edu.mx
Sandoval Reyes

3. Stakeholders (e.g., those with a significant interest in or who will be significantly affected by this
project)
People or enterprises involved in the care of plants and seed.

People who seek to make modern farming.

People interested in irrigation systems and care about plants.

 Laboratory personal of Universidad Politécnica de Aguascalientes

4. Project Scope Statement

Project Purpose / Business Justification Describe the business need this project addresses
Lack of time for the care and maintenance of crops and/or plants, lack of ventilation surface,
deficiency ofthe structure. Limitation of cultivation according to climate change.

Objectives (in business terms) Describe the measurable outcomes of the project, e.g., reduce cost by xxxx or increase quality to
yyyy
1. To facilitate the cultivation and growth of plants based on a greenhouse that works in an
automatedand intelligent way.
2. Control and regulation of the factors involved in crop and plant growth
3. Create an irrigation system in such a way that, depending on the crop or planting, it
receives wateraccording to its.
4. To use and implement technology inside a green house, taking control of the temperature,
humidity,light and time depending on the type of plant, fruit or vegetable.

Deliverables List the high-level “products” to be created (e.g., improved xxxx process, employee manual on yyyy)
1.- Drawing of the
prototype
2.- Design of theprototype
3.- Mechanical Design
4.-Electronic
Design
5.-ControlDesign
6.- Box in which the sensors and actuators will be
placed
7.- Instructive
8.- Maintenance manual

Scope List what the project will and will not address (e.g., this project addresses units that report into the Office of Executive Vice
President. Units that report into the Provosts Office are not included)
1.-Survey random people to see if the project can
work2.- Use different software to make the
designs
3.- Make a cost analysis of all the materials to be used
4.- Make a working prototype on a smaller scale according to the operation of the system. With
materials that
help us to economize (acrylic, wood, etc)

Project Milestones Propose start and end dates for Project Phases (e.g., Inception, Planning, Construction, Delivery) and other major
milestones
1.-Conception, initiation and investigation about all concepts. (June 14).
2.-Definition and planning of all the design. (June 15th-June 21th)
3.- General Design Concepts (SolidWorks Design and Modeling, Control Program)(June 22th-July 2nd)
4. - Mechanical Design (July 5th-July10th).
5. - Electronic Design (July 11th-July18th).
6. - Control Design (July 19th-July25th).
7.- Deliver the prototype about Greenhouse (tbd)

Major Known Risks (including significant Assumptions) Identify obstacles that may cause the project to fail.

Risk Risk Rating (Hi, Med, Lo)

Bad quality of the materials Med

A bad misconception of the clients Hi

A fatal error in the system. Hi

Low interest Hi

Constraints List any conditions that may limit the project team’s options with respect to resources, personnel, or schedule (e.g.,
predetermined budget or project end date, limit on number of staff that may be assigned to the project).
1. Limited budget
2. Lack of resources
3. Lack of communication and organization

External Dependencies Will project success depend on coordination of efforts between the project team and one or more other
individuals or groups? Has everyone involved agreed to this interaction?

5. Communication Strategy (specify how the project manager will communicate to the Executive Sponsor, Project Team members and
Stakeholders, e.g., frequency of status reports, frequency of Project Team meetings, etc.

1. Weekly reports and meetings.

2. An advice or meeting every time that a member of the team have an idea or a doubt.

6. Sign-off
 Name Signature Date
(MM/DD/YY
YY)
Executive Sponsor Jose Luis Salazar

Department Sponsor --- ---

Project Manager Roberto García Durón

7. Notes

CONCLUSIONS
Ithzanami Esparza Gómez:

In this project, many things learned previously were reinforced, the fact of carrying
out the design in SolidWorks, carrying out the simulations and the finite elements
inthis same software, in addition to using the tools of the last semester in the field
of projects.

Roberto García Durón:

We were able to realize that the project carried out (greenhouse) was a great
problem solved because it will no longer be necessary for us to be monitoring it all
the time, if not that the irrigation will be done automatically and continuously, in
addition to that the climatic conditions will also change according to the type of
harvest.

Luis Eduardo Palacios Velazquez:

The main mechanical design objectives were met based on the prototype to be
developed in the project. It complies with all the parameters and standards that
must be implemented for the development of the project and it also includes
technical drawings and different types of simulations that allow us a better
understanding and application to the mechanical design.

Jessica Berenice Sandoval Reyes:

Thanks to this project we can realize that there are many problems to be solved in
society and this is a great benefit for us engineers, making a greenhouse and
implementing everything that has been seen in the race (control, sensors, etc. .
.)helps us to reinforce what we have learned in previous semesters.

ELECTRONIC DESIGN
Objectives

To perform the electronic design (electronic circuits) with the use of different types
of sensors and actuators for the implementation of the hibernator and make it more
intelligent and optimal.

Introduction

Electronics is the science that studies, transforms and applies the variations of
electrical magnitudes to receive, process and transmit the information of an
electrical signal. In its processing, specific components are used to create circuits
capable of solving specific functions.

Development

 Temperature

The elements that we will use will be:

- LM35 (temperature sensor) this has 3 types of pins (VDD, OUT, GND).

- Arduino UNO

- 2 LED's (Red and Green)

With this in the Arduino we create an integer type variable to make the serial
communication at 9600bps, we assign the A1 pin as input to connect the
temperature sensor and pins 6 and 7 to connect the LEDs. After reading the pin A
and save the value obtained in the variable, we will create two floating type
variables and we will perform the operations to obtain the results in °C. We print
the information obtained, remembering that we have the variable in °C.

Finally we perform the verification for this one. In case the temperature is higher
than 37.5°C we will turn off the green LED and the red one. In the opposite case
where the temperature is lower than 37.5°, we will turn on the green LED and turn
off the red one.

We will have a wait of 1 second and then the cycle will be repeated.

As shown in the figure, we see the connections in Proteus in order to have a better
visualization of the circuit connections with the temperature sensor already
implemented.
If the temperature inside the greenhouse increases, the amount of water lost
through transpiration also increases, and the stomata will close as a method of
protection to prevent excessive water loss. However, this method of protection can
have a negative effect, since closed stomata restrict the entry of carbon dioxide,
which is essential for photosynthesis.
In order not to lose water unnecessarily and to carry out the necessary gas
exchange, plants must regulate the opening and closing of the stomata. Therefore,
an optimal temperature must be achieved for a good development of the crop.

 Timer

This timer consists of four buttons which will mark:

1. Start
2.Hours
3. Minutes
4.Seconds

Which will also have its respective reset button. The output of this will be a buzzer
which indicates the end of the timer.

The programmable timer for the greenhouse was designed and built based on the
microcontroller in use, which will be in charge of automating the time or volume of
irrigation with the characteristics that the timer will have and the advantage of
having at hand all the circuit implemented in it. This in order to be as flexible and
comfortable as possible in such a way that allows irrigation in an automated and
independent way based on the programming method to be chosen, it will be
adjusted so that it can be adapted to any type of irrigation method and schedule,
crop, region or farmer.

In addition to the fact that it is known that the crop will require doses of fertilizer
elements every so often (it can be every day, every week, every month or even
every year), it will also provide irrigation times on scheduled dates and amounts.

This will become a very useful tool for development but more for the project if not
for modern agriculture.
Humidity

Humidity control is of vital importance since optimum plant growth can only be
achieved within a certain humidity range. Too high relative humidity favors the
spread of fungi, causes plant diseases and also damages greenhouse
structures. Very dry environments slow down the growth rate of plants. The
optimum relative humidity depends on the type of plant being grown, although
the typical range is between 50 and 70 %.

For this purpose, a circuit was designed in which the soil humidity can be
censored and the percentage of humidity obtained by the sensor can be
sampled by means of an LCD display.

Being the range of 0V to the analog port as 0% humidity and 5V to the analog
port as 100% humidity.

In the same way in the programmable part to place in the same way an alarm
point that marks the percentage of modifiable humidity from 2 push buttons and
that in the same way these are indicated in the display and lighting the red LED
indicating that the alarm function is fulfilled.

Which tells us that the humidity is greater than 50% should not activate the
alarm, in the event that exceeds the value the alarm will be activated, including
the LED.
Conclusions

Ithzanami Esparza Gómez: To conclude with the electrical part of the project we
found that there are many types of sensors, actuators and other components for
use in the greenhouse. It is worth mentioning that the use of drip irrigation is the
best irrigation system. Other important systems are heating and ventilation,
temperature, humidity and light. All these factors are programmed with the common
purpose of making the greenhouse optimal for the customers.

Roberto García Durón: In this specific project the electrical design takes on great
importance, since more than mechanical operation, the basis of the operation of the
intelligent greenhouse is centered on electronic components and programmable
components. Therefore, the fact that the design is well thought out plays a
fundamental role in order to make the project fully functional and thus achieve the
project's objectives.

Luis Eduardo Palacios Velázquez: The expected objectives for the electronic
design of our project were achieved, making it more and more suitable and optimal
for its operation. Mainly using electronic design since the learning unit mainly goes
to the design of electronic circuits that will be of great use for the development of the
project.

Jessica Berenice Sandoval Reyes: The greenhouse project has several things to
consider, the first part is the mechanics, which is what we have been doing the last
two weeks. The next is the electrical part, this has to do with the sensors that will be
implemented in the greenhouse, the team chose two sensors, temperature and
humidity; these are the most common if you want to accurately control the proper
growth of plants.
 CONTROL DESIGN

Introduction: Although all the aspects to be taken into account in the design of a
project must have the same importance, in this case the control plays a fundamental
role, together with the electrical / electronic design, since when handling mostly
electronic components, the programming one of these becomes crucial for the
simple fact that without it the project would not be functional at all. Finally, the
understanding of the control design allows to innovate at any time the way in which
the project process is carried out.

Development:
The first program used is that of the humidity and temperature sensor. In this
program, firstly, the variables and libraries are declared, on the LCD "temperature
and humidity" is printed, the program detects the values that enter the sensor and
later a conversion is made in order to print them in degrees and in percentage
respectively.
For the second program, what will be done is a timer, the timer works as follows:
manually the desired time will be set, the start button will be pressed and it will
count down. When reaching 0 an alarm will be activated to warn that the time has
expired. What the program will do is compare, if the timer has not reached zero, it
will return until the condition is met and then turn on the alarm.

CONCLUSIONS
Ithzanami Esparza Gómez:
To conclude with the development of the project we learned to perform a mechanical,
electrical and control design, we achieved the implementation of an automated system
based on a temperature control inside the greenhouse and that this is suitable for the type
of crop. It is suitable for the type of crop. Some advantages to emphasize that I saw
throughout the project were that there was no impact on the environment since this
technology is environmentally friendly, the project works without the need for human
supervision, and the sensors are adjusted based on the actual conditions of each
greenhouse.
Roberto García Durón:
Attending every aspect in the development of a project turns out to be something
complicated and interesting, since in spite of being a very organized process and by parts,
in each one of these parts or phases there are many factors to take into account that go
from the mechanical, the structure, the materials and the budget to the electrical and
electronic designs with its respective programming. In case of overlooking any of these
aspects can result in the total failure of the project.
Luis Eduardo Palacios Velázquez:
We can conclude that with the realization of the activities we managed to have a
better understanding of control systems more specifically based on the project that
we are doing applying all the knowledge seen in the control design unit.
Jessica Berenice Sandoval Reyes:
Thanks to the realization of this project, many things could be learned in the aspect of the
prototype design, the electronic and control design. There were some difficulties when it
came to doing the mechanical, since the prototype was somewhat elaborate and the
placement of the sensors was somewhat confusing. In the end, a good result could be
reached, since we realized the operation of the greenhouse in its entirety for the following
four-month period to apply it in physics.