Lesson 1 - Philippine Literature by Region -at 12 y/o, published her first novel, “Ang Mga

Tunoc Sang Isa Ca Bulac(The Thorns of a

Regional literature (also known as local color) Flower).
pertains to any written literary genre that -other works: Ang Matam-is Kong Pagkabata(My
emphasizes characters, dialect, customs, Sweet Childhood) and Ang Guitara(The Guitar).
topography and other features indigenous or
native to a specific region.
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Regional Literature in the Philippines
1. Ilocano Literature
- Pedro Bucaneg is known as “the father of
Lesson 2 - Introduction to World Religion
Ilocano poetry and literature”.This
blind poet like Homer produced an epic
World Literature- refers to any written literary
for his obra maestra Biag ni Lam-ang
(illustrated on the left). genre that exemplifies the most outstanding
characteristics of particular national literatures.
2. Pampanga Literature
Elements of World Literature
-Amado M. Yuzon’s poem collection written in the
local Kapampangan dialect "Salitang Paca-Versu” love and romance
family and marriages
has earned him accolades here and abroad, such as
the 1959 poet laureate of the Philippines, 1956 individual struggles toward success
humanitarian values
"Who's Who in America", the "International Who's
Who in Poetry", and a Nobel Prize nomination. coping with tragedy (wars, famine, disasters, etc.)
life cycles
3. Tagalog Literature
-Francisco Baltazar THE TWELVE GREAT BOOKS OF THE
- Bulaceno Poet WORLD
- father of tagalog poets 1. Bible
- Shakespeare of the Philippines 2. Koran
- “Florante and Laura” 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey
4. Mahabharata
4. Bicol Literature 5. El Cid Campeador
-Mariano Perfecto 6. The Song of Roland
- “father of Bicolano Literature” and “father of 7. The Book of the Dead
Visayan Literature” 8. Canterbury Tales
- established the first printing press. 9. Uncle Tom's Cabin
- “An Parabareta (The Newsman) 10. The Divine Comedy
-first bicol newspaper 11. One Thousand and One Nights
12. The Book of the Days
5. Cebuano Literature
-Vicente Sotto The Bible
- senator from Cebu during Commonwealth period -Latin word: biblia
- “Maming” -first Cebuao published short story -Greek word: biblos
- at 22, started career as journalist and published -Holy Scriptures, Holy Writs, or
“La Justicia” Scriptures = “sacred writings”
-first newspaper in Cebu the suspended by U.S. and -More Divisions: Pentateuch, Historical Books, the
a week after, he published “El Nacional” Poetry and Wisdom Books, Books of Prophecy, the
- “Ang Suga” (The Light) - first ever Gospels, and the Epistles

6. Ilonggo (Hiligaynon) Literature Koran (Qur’an)

-Magdalena Jalandoni -sacred text of Islam
-a Filipino Feminist Writer. -114 suras
-remembered as one of the most prolific Filipino -word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the
writers in Hiliigaynon language. archangel Gabriel
The Iliad and The Odyssey Lesson 3: Selected Literature of the world

Mahabharata Elements of World Literature

- longest epic poem in the world •Tackles universal theme to which wider
- made up of almost 100,000 couplet audiences/readers can relate or identify with
-18 parvas love and romance
- author: Vyasa family and marriages
individual struggles toward success
El Cid Campeador humanitarian values
-a famous national folk hero and the embodiment coping with tragedy (wars, famine, disasters, etc.)
of chivalry and virtue life cycles

The Song of Roland English World Literature

- “La Chanson de Roland” Father of English Literature, Poetry, Language-
- oldest surviving major work of french literature -Geoffrey Chaucer
-the author was possibly Turoldus Father of English Essay
- Francis Bacon
The Book of the Dead Father of English Mystery Plays, Short Story-
-collection of spells which enable the soul of the Edgar Allan Poe
deceased to navigate after life Father of English Tragedy
-protect the deceased in the life hereafter. -Christopher Marlowe
Father of English Novel-
Canterbury Tales Henry Fielding
-wrote by Geoffrey Chaucer Father of English Sonnet
-a collection of stories in a frame story, between - Sir Thomas Wyatt
1387 and 1400 Bard of Avon, Father English Drama, The Bard
- William Shakespeare
Uncle Tom's Cabin
-written by Harriet Beecher Stowe English World Literature
-showed the stark reality of slavery William Shakespeare
-generally regarded as one of the major causes of - (England) poet and playwright considered
the Civil War. - the father of the “modern English language”.
-couplet and the Shakespearean sonnet style.
The Divine Comedy
- La Divina Commedia French World Literature
- long narrative poem written in Italian circa by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry was an aristocrat, pilot,
Dante Alighieri poet and writer whose novella The Little Prince is
- divided into three major sections—Inferno, now a much loved classic extolling the virtues of
Purgatorio, and Paradiso love, inner beauty and friendship. This novella is
the source of the famous quote: "One sees clearly
one Thousand and One Nights only with the heart. What is essential is invisible to
-collection of Middle Eastern folktales compiled the eye”
in Arabic during Islamic Golden Age
-King Shahryar African World Literature
-Sheherazade Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for decades
during the apartheid. But after his release, he
The Book of the Days became the president of South Africa from 1994
-Scottish author Robert Chambers to 1999. All of his struggles can be read in his
-basis of christian religion by Confucius. memoir Long Walk to Freedom.
-anecdote, biography and history, curiosities of
literature and oddities of human life and character.

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Asian World Literature Wives:
Rabindranath Tagore (India) was the first Asian •Hadley Richardson (1921-1927)
to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for •Pauline Pteiffer (1927-1940)
his book anthology of more than a hundred •Martha Gellhorn (1940-1945)
Bengali verses, the Gitanjali (Song Offerings). It •Mary Welsh Hemingway (1946-1961)
is incomparable for the beauty of its imageryas a
form of devotion to God and in appreciation for WORKS
the wonders of nature. •The Sun Also Rises
•A Farewell to Arms
Rabindranath Tagore •For Whom the Bell Tolls
- born in Calcuta, India into a wealthy Brahmin
family Russian World Literature
- briefly stayed in England to study law but Anton Chekhov
returned to India -a Russian physician, playwright and writer.
- master of modern short story.
Gitanjali Two of his last works were:
-collection of poems written in Bengali •The Cherry Orchard- social change
-based on medieval Indian lyrics of devotion •A Marriage Proposal-explores courtship and
-led Tagore to become the first non-European to marriage both with a touch of humor and
win the Noble Prize of Literature comedy that amuses audiences.

Mexican World Literature ________________________________________

Octavio Paz was a diplomat, poet and writer who Lesson 4: Feminism
won the Miguel de Cervantes Prize (1980) and the
Nobel Prize (1990) for literary excellence Selected Writers of World Literature
English – William Shakespeare
Piedra del Sol (Sunstone) French – Antoine de Saint ExuperyA
-circular poem based on the circular “Aztec” frica – Nelson Mandela
calendar. India – Rabindranath Tagore
-584 lines and the first six lines are repeated at the Mexico – Octavio Paz
end of the poem. America – Ernest Hemingway
Russia – Anton Chekhov
The Labyrinth of Solitude
-Mexican identity and how, at the end of labyrinth, Feminism
there is a profound feeling of solitude. •The advocacy of women's rights on the basis of
1. The Pachuco and other extremes the equality of the sexes.
2. Mexican Mask •The belief in full social, economic, and political
3. The Day of the Dead equality for women.
4. The Sons of La Malinche •Feminism is a range of social movements,
5. The conquest and colonialism political movements, and ideologies that aim to
6. From Independence to the Revolution define and establish the political, economic,
7. The Mexican Intelligence personal, and social equality of the sexes.
8. The Present Day
9. The Dialectic of Solitude Social Inequality
•Throughout most of Western history, women were
American World Literature confined to the domestic sphere, while public life
Ernest Hemingway was reserved for men.
-a popular short story writer and novelist who as •At the end of the 19th century in France, they
a war journalist wrote firsthand accounts of both were still compelled to cover their heads in
WW1 and WW2. public, and, in parts of Germany, a husband still
had the right to sell his wife.
•Married women could not exercise control over
their own children without the permission of their
husbands.
Educational and Economic Inequality
•Women had little or no access to education and
were barred from most professions.
•In medieval Europe women were denied the right
to own property, to study, or to participate in
public life.
•Women were prevented from conducting
business without a male representative, be it
father, brother, husband, legal agent, or even son.

Political Inequality
•Women could not vote.
•They could not also hold elective office in
Europe.