CLASSIFICATION OF

TOOLS
Topics Covered
• Marking Tools
• Testing and Guiding Tools
• Fastening Tools
• Rough Facing or Striking Tools
• Tooth Cutting Tools
• Sharped-Edged Cutting Tools
• Smooth Facing Tools
• Boring or Drilling Tools
• Holding Tools
• Sharpening Tools
• Work Bench
Different Marking Tools:
1. Chalk or Charcoal Line
-are used to impart long, straight lines onto the
surface of an object to provide accurate guides
prior to cutting of plywood and lumber, laying
tiles, leveling posts, and many other tasks.

2. Scratch Awl -is a woodworking or general shop working hand tool that is
used to scribe or “scratch” marks or lines into various
surfaces. It’s also used to start or punch and pierce holes
(such as before drilling) into materials. The line it makes,
creates a groove or track mark for larger tools to follow. The
tool itself is usually about 6″-7″ in length.

3. Round Pencil Head -used for marking rough works.

Used of Charcoal Line: 3.
1. 2.

4. 5. 6.
Different Marking Tools:
4. Scriber
-is used in marking fine work. It is hardened steel
with a sharp point designed to mark fine line.

5. Compass
-an instrument used to draw circles, or the parts of circles
called arcs. It consists of two movable arms hinged
together where one arm has a pointed end, and the other
arm holds a pencil.

6. Divider
-used to transfer measurements, to step off a series of equal
distances, and to divide lines into several equal parts.
Dividers are manipulated with one hand.
Different Testing and Guiding Tools:
Good carpentry works demands accuracy in measurement and a well fitted joint
or parts together. This could be done with the various guiding tools for a precise and
quality work
1. Level (for Carpentry the widely used is Spirit Level)
-These levels come in many sizes, as two-, four-, six-,
and eight-foot models are commonly available. For the
tasks most of us address, one each of the two-foot and
four-foot varieties will be sufficient. Is used to
designed to indicate whether a surface is level on the
horizontal or vertical planes, and there are a variety of
sizes and designs for every project.
2. Level Hose -is a simple device that can provide an accurate elevation
comparison between multiple points that rival each other to be
a county high point, or to be the highest summit of a major
peak (and therefore the summit that takes its prominence). It is
based on the principle that if you fill a hose with water and let it
come to rest, the water level at both ends will be the same.
 Used of Spirit Level:

Used of Level Hose:

1. 2. 3. 4.
Different Testing and Guiding Tools:
3. Plumb Bob
- is a simple tool that is used to establish whether
something is “plumb” (exactly vertical). When the
string is attached to a static object and the plumb-bob
weight is suspended below, the laws of gravity will
ensure that the string is both vertical and
perpendicular to any horizontal plane through which it
passes.

4. Miter Box Miter - is a union between two pieces, each cut at an angle,
at a corner. Commonly, as for painting and picture frames, the
two ends of the two boards are cut at a 45-degree angle and
placed next to one another to form a corner of the frame.
However, the angles can and do vary.
- is consists of two components—a hand saw whose teeth are
set for crosscutting (cutting against the grain of the wood) and
a “box” that is pre-fashioned with slots on both sides to help the
woodworker make accurate angled cuts (typically 90° and 45°).
Used of Plumb Bob:

Used of Miter Box:

1. 2. 3. 4.
Different Testing and Guiding Tools:
5. Miter Shooting Board
- the special purpose of the tool is to enable you to
plane a miter in an accurate and controlled manner.

6. Sliding T-bevel Bevel - a slope from the horizontal or vertical in carpentry

and stonework
- is an instrument that is used for both laying out and
transferring angles. These tools are pivotal for many kinds of
construction jobs, especially for those in which the ideal 90°
angles are not possible. With the sliding T-bevel, one is able
to conform his/her projects to less than ideal angle
measurements.
Use of a Miter Shooting Board:
1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.
Use of a Sliding T-Bevel:
1. 2. 3.

1. 2. 3.
Different Testing and Guiding Tools:
7. Angle Divider
- is a double bevel used to divide an angle of a
complicated work. This tool could divide an angle in
one.

8. Square
- is called a “Trying Square”. Square is a right-angle standard at 90 degrees used in
marking or testing work. There are many different types of Square.
Use of an Angle Divider:
1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.
Different Types of Square:
8a. Try Square
- is special purpose square in wood- and metalworking used to
mark or measure material. The name ‘try square’ comes from the
concepts of ‘trying a surface’ (to check a surface’s straightness or
correspondence to an adjacent surface) and ‘square’ (a 90°, or
right, angle).Try squares generally consist of two parts. The ‘blade’
is the longer portion, usually made of metal. The ‘handle’ (or
‘stock’) is usually made of wood, plastic or metal.

8b. Miter Square

- is a tool used to mark out angles for miter joints, with two
blades set at a 45° angle or adjustable to any angle.
Different Types of Square:
8c. Combined Try and Miter Square
- Try and mitre squares are marking and checking tools
used to assess angles and mark straight cuts. They
consist of two straight pieces, the stock and the blade,
which intersect one other at either 90° or 45°.

8d. Framing or Steel Square

- it is also called as “steel square” and is a handy tool for
carpentry. Its uses extend into framing and laying rafters
and stairs. It can also be used as a straight-edge, finding
and establishing right angles and marking cut-off work on
wide stock.
Parts of a Framing Steel Square :

Body – the longer and wider part.

Tongue – the shorter and the narrower part.
Face – the side visible when the square is held by the tongue in the right hand,
the body pointing to the left.
Back – the side visible when the square is held by the tongue in the left hand,
the body pointing to the right.
Use
1.
of a Miter
2.
Square: 3.

Used of Combined Try and Miter Square:

Use of a Framing Square:
Different Fastening Tools:
Fastening tools are the tools used to fasten or secure parts of the construction
that are to be connected with nails, screws, bolt, etc.

1. Claw Hammer
- is a type of hammer used mainly for pounding nails into,
or extracting nails from, wood. Its sizes varies from 140 to
560 grams.
a. A 400 – 450 grams is recommended for finishing work.
b. A 450 – 560 grams is recommended for framing work.

2. Wrench - A hand tool with a handle and a jaw

which may be fitted to the head of a
nut used to tighten or loosen bolts. The
three general classes of wrenches are:
(a) Plain (b) Socket (c) Adjustable
Plain Socket Adjustable
Different Fastening Tools:
3. Screwdriver
- a hand tool with a head and a
shank used for turning screw,
classified either as: (a) Plain (b)
Automatic
- It may also be classified
Plain Screwdriver Philipps Screwdriver Electric according to the shape of the tip
Screwdriver of the shank, such as: (a)
(Automatic) Ordinary (b) Philipps
Use of a Wrench:

Use of a Screwdriver:
Different Rough Facing or Striking Tools:
Rough facing tools are the so called “Striking Tools” because they are used
through a series of blows. They are also called “inertia tools” because the cut produced
were rough.
1. Hatchet - is generally a utility tool used for sharpening
stakes and cutting down timber to rough
sizes.
a. Shingling Hatchet - a hatchet usually with a
notch in the blade for extracting nails and a
hammerhead opposite the cutting edge.
b. Claw Hatchet- a hatchet that has a cleft for
pulling nails.
Shingling
Claw Barrel

2. Axe
- a tool used for splitting wood or
hewing timber.
Different Rough Facing or Striking Tools:
3. Adze
- roughly, an adze is a hatchet in which the blade is
at right angle with the handle.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
In carpentry work, the toothed cutting tools is of utmost importance considering
its versatility and service demand.
The cutting ability of a saw blade depends upon three measurements:

1. Rake/Hook Angle – Rake is the angle that the front of the tooth makes
with a line drawn perpendicular to the point line and lying in the plane of the saw plate.
The main role that rake plays is controlling the aggressiveness of the saw. All other things
equal, a saw will cut more aggressively as its rake is decreased.
Rake Guidelines and Characteristics:
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
In carpentry work, the toothed cutting tools is of utmost importance considering
its versatility and service demand.
The cutting ability of a saw blade depends upon three measurements:

2. Pitch – is a measure of the number of points or teeth that fall within one inch, as
measured along the point line. It is expressed as either points per inch (ppi)
or teeth per inch (tpi). While most American saws were (and are) described in ppi, rumor
has it that British saws are traditionally described in tpi. Not to worry, though - converting
between the two is simple:
ppi = tpi + 1
tpi = ppi - 1
Pitch Guidelines and Characteristics:
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
In carpentry work, the toothed cutting tools is of utmost importance considering
its versatility and service demand.
The cutting ability of a saw blade depends upon three measurements:

3. Set – is created by bending the tips of the teeth in alternating directions. This
creates clearance in the cut for the saw plate, reducing friction and binding.

Set on rip teeth, viewed from the side and toe Set on crosscut teeth, viewed from the side and toe
Set Guidelines and Characteristics:
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
1. Saws - Relevant parts of a saw, the nomenclature used in this
presentation is identical to handsaws.

The most important of this kind of tools are classified according to: (a) Kind of cut
a1. Crosscut Saws
- this saw is used for making rough cuts of
wood, for example, trimming branches or
cutting lumber, and is designed to cut across the
grain of the wood (i.e., perpendicular to the
grain). These saws have large teeth and a
relatively thick blade to make it sturdy against
rough wood. Crosscut saws can be for use by
one person, or for two people simultaneously.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
a2. Rip Cut Saw
- is one of the most common types of saws that anyone
who works with wood will own, and probably the saw
that gets used the most often as it is versatile and
suitable for several jobs. A rip cut saw is designed to cut
wood parallel to the grain. It has few teeth per inch
compared to most other hand saws, though each tooth is
very sharp to remove chips of wood as it works, almost
like a collection of chisels working together all at once.

b.) Shape of the blades

b1. Straight Back Rip Saw b2. Narrowed Rip Saw
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
b.) Shape of the blades (continuation)
b3. Thin Back Rip Saw b4. Skew Back Rip Saw

c.) According to its use

c1. Coping Saw - has a blade that is secured in place by
tension. It is used for making curved cuts
on wood, and in fact, this is where it gets
its name from, as it is ideally used to
create coping joints rather than miter
joints. The blades of these saws are narrow,
with between 15 and 17 teeth per inch of the
blade. These saws are lightweight and typically
measure around 6 inches across.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
c.) According to its use (continuation)
c2. Bow Cut Saw
- is a modern type of crosscut saw. It is a medium-sized
hand tool that is most used outdoors for pruning trees
and cutting logs. A bow cut saw has crosscut teeth that
are able to remove sawdust while being pushed in and out.
Their blades are long and narrow, making them suitable for
cutting thick sections of wood. They can also be used to
make curved cuts.

c3. Fret Saw - These saws are designed to complete much more
intricate woodwork. The name of ‘fret’ comes from
the French word ‘freter,’ which translates in English to
‘lattice,’ as this saw was made for use on
latticework. Its blades have around 32 teeth per
inch, which makes them very precise and able to
produce accurate work; however, it also makes
them fragile. Fret saws can produce curved cuts, like a
coping saw, but the coping saw offers much less
accuracy than a fret saw.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
c.) According to its use (continuation)
c4. Keyhole Saw - These saws take the shape of a dagger, with a blade that
comes to a point at the opposite end of a single handle.
They are also known as ‘jab saws’ because the sharp
point allows them to jab through materials such as
drywall, and then saw through. Their thin blade makes
them ideal for making awkward cutting maneuvers or
making small holes. They are also used for cutting rough
patterns out. These types of saws typically come in two

c5. Back Saw varieties; with a fixed blade or with a retractable blade.

- These saws are also known as dovetail saws, as

they are ideal for making dovetail joints that
require precision and accuracy. These saws have
fine teeth and narrow blades, making them suitable
for making exact cuts. Back saws benefit from a stiff
piece of metal such as brass or steel attached to the
opposite side of the cutting edge. This helps to give
them greater control and means they can cut with
less applied force.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
c.) According to its use (continuation)
c6. Veneer Saw - These saws are designed for cutting hardwood
veneers, laminates, and plastics. They are a double-
edged saw with a small, curved blade, usually measuring
just 3 or 4 inches long. Their size means they are only
useful for working on small areas, but they offer fast and
smooth results. Typically, these saws have around 13 teeth
per inch of blade. When teamed with a straight edge, the
veneer saw can cut square-edged materials perfectly to
c7. Wallboard Saw achieve butt-joints for matching veneers.
- Also known as drywall saws, these saws look very similar
to keyhole saws. The difference is that wallboard saws
usually have shorter and wider blades. Their blades are also
often double-edged, with sharp teeth running along both the
top and bottom sides of the blade. These saws have a
pointed nose and are used for punching holes into
drywall or paneling. They tend to have fewer teeth per
inch than a keyhole saw and are ideal for making rough
cuts.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
d.) Power Saws
- are saws that are powered by rechargeable batteries, electricity, or gas motors to make cuts.
These can be stationary or portable tools. They are great for efficiency and precision and help to
complete cutting jobs much more quickly than hand saw equivalents.

d1. Circular Saw

- This saw is so named because of its blade,
which is a circle shape. The circular blade spins
at high speed and is guided down by the user
to cut the material which needs to be held
firmly in place underneath it. These saws are
hugely popular because of their versatility and
portability. Unlike a table saw, these saws
are reasonably lightweight and so can be
transported to construction sites or used
in different locations with ease. They are
also compatible with several different
blade types, enabling them to cut through
various materials, including stone, metal,
wood, plastic, and ceramics.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
d2. Miter Saw
- These saws operate similarly to circular saws in
that they have a round blade which is pulled
downwards to cut the material. However, a miter
saw is specifically designed for making precise
angled cuts, notable for miter joints, which are
when two pieces of wood are seamlessly joined at an
angle. Miter saws allow you to custom set the tool to
make any angle of cut you need, and they are
indispensable if you are cutting trim or molding.

Compound Miter Saw

- is like a hyped-up miter saw. It has the same
blade which operates on an arm instead of on a
pivoting lever, giving the user greater scope
for adjustment on more complex cutting. These
saws can produce miter, straight, and compound
cuts, and are great for efficiency and precision.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
d3. Jigsaw
- Is a handheld power tool that can make both
straight and curved cuts. It has a downward pointing
blade that is guided along by an upper handle and
can come in both corded and cordless varieties. They
are lightweight and easy to handle, as well as being
quiet, and are most suitable for cutting out
patterns in thin materials such as plywood.
Thicker blades are available to be purchased for
jigsaws to allow them to cut through metal, tile, or
ceramic, but these are not typically included as
standard. Jigsaws are a versatile tool that will see
heavy use in home woodworking households.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
d4. Chainsaw
- Chainsaws operate with the use of a linked chain
that rotates around a piece of steel, with specially
designed teeth attached, which cut through wood at
high speed. It is most used to cut through
lumber and fell or trim trees. Chainsaws come
with various power sources, including gas engines,
battery-powered motors, or corded electric powered
motors. Chainsaws with gas engines have the most
power; however, they can also be more difficult to
use because they vibrate the most. Chainsaws
powered by battery or electric cables are better for
longer jobs as they will induce less fatigue on the
user.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
d5. Table saw
- Table saws have circular rotating blades that
emerge upwards from out of a table to cut the
chosen material. These work almost in the opposite
way to a circular saw, in which you pull the blade
down onto your material. With a table saw, instead,
you push your material onto the blade. The blade
depth can be adjusted to suit your cutting needs,
and the blade itself can be swapped out for
masonry or metal blades so that you can cut
different types of materials. These types of
saws are ideal for making exact straight cuts
but require training before use as they can be
dangerous to operate.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
2. Files
- A metal tool of different shapes and sizes used for abrading, reducing or smooth cutting metal,
wood or other materials. Nomenclature of Files

Tang - is the part of the file that fits inside the handle. However, files with tangs are quite often
sold without handles.
Heel - also called the shoulder, is the part of the file closest to the tang where the actual body of
the file begins. No teeth are cut into the heel.
Face - is the term used to describe the wide, flat area of the file that usually does all the work. It
may also be referred to as the belly, or the side.
Edge - the thin surfaces between the faces on a file. These may or may not be cut with teeth
depending on the intended purpose of the file.
Point - The end of the file opposite to the tang.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
2a. Mill Files 2b. Taper Saw Files 2c. Double Ended Saw Files

- this is a classic file which

we use to sharpen wood
saw teeth. It is triangular
- we use this type of file in cross-section, and the - we use a double-ended saw file
to sharpen flat-bladed angle of the triangle to sharpen saw blades. It is
tools. We can also level corresponds to the angle of characterized by its high
the teeth on saw blades teeth in the saw. durability.
with these files.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
2d. Chainsaw Files 2e. Flat Files 2f. Slotting Files

- you get a variety of - helps to cut or clear slots in

different sizes of flat files. a screw. This proves to be
- these files are round in
These files are indispensable quite handy if you need to
cross-section, but we get
for smoothing out rough use a wood screw that has a
them in different shapes as
edges and corners, to avoid poorly-made slot.
well. The specialty of
forming splinters that could
chainsaw files is that they fit
injure you while handling
into the cleft of a chainsaw
wood.
blade to sharpen it.
Different Toothed Cutting Tools:
2g. Needle Files 2h. Augur Bit Files 2f. Knife Files

- if you have wood with fine

grooves or tight internal
angles, you will do well to
- these files help us to work - we use augur bit files to use a knife file. As the name
with extremely fine detail. sharpen augur bits. An suggests, this file has a
Needle files again are augur bit is a helically- knife-like shape with a
incredibly versatile. You can shaped drill bit with which narrow blade.
use them to finish off you can make holes in wood.
roughly-shaped wood or to
clean dog holes and bores.
Different Sharp-Edged Cutting Tools:
1. Chisel
- Is an indispensable tool in carpentry which is also considered as the most mishandled tool
oftenly used for prying, can opener, open cases, or as screwdriver, etc. It is used for
cutting or carving hard materials such as metal, stone or wood. A chisel tool has a shaped
cutting edge of a blade on its end, with a handle that is characteristically made of wood or
metal.
Chisels are classified according to:
a. Service a2. Firming Chisel
a1. Paring Chisel
- has a thin blade, with
the cutting edge formed
by a bevel ground at an
angle of 15o. It is used
- has a heavier blade than a paring chisel,
for light, fine work and
and its angle is 20o. This chisel is used for
should be used without
both heavy and light work; and a mallet
the aid of a mallet or
may be used to drive it.
other heavy driving tool.
Different Sharp-Edged Cutting Tools:
Chisels are classified according to:
a. Service (continuation)
a3. Framing Chisel
- has a thicker blade than the firmer chisel. Its
bevel is ground at an angle of 25o, and it is used
for rough carpentry work and meant for the
heaviest woodworking (cut notches, gouge wood,
and carve mortises and tenons), so they’re built
extra-durable with reinforced handles that can
Mushroomed Head
take repeated heavy blows without mushrooming
or splitting.
Different Sharp-Edged Cutting Tools:
b. Length
b1. Butt Chisel
- are typically less than 4 inches in length. They usually come in
lengths of 2-3.5 inches. Their shape makes them useful for
cutting into tight corners and small edges. For this reason, they
work best on complicated furniture projects such as cabinets and
desks.

b3. Mill Chisel

- a woodworking chisel
having a blade more
b2. Pocket Chisel than 8 inches long.

- a chisel with a length of 8” and has

blade width of 1” or ¾” or ½” or ¼”.
Different Sharp-Edged Cutting Tools:
c. Blade Edges
c1. Square/Straight Edge
- other types of wood chisel have straight
edges. Chisels with straight edges are
particularly good for paring jobs and finishing
joints with 90-degree angles because of its
rectangular cross-section. A disadvantage of
having a chisel with square edges is that you
cannot get into the corners of acute angled
joints such as a dovetail joint.

c2. Bevel Edge

- the edges of some wood chisel blades are
beveled. This means that the edges have
been ground down to a specific angle to
allow them access into certain carpentry
joints such as a dovetail joint. The chief
advantage of chisels with bevel edges is that
they can be worked into the corners of
dovetail joints and other joints with acute
angles.
Different Sharp-Edged Cutting Tools:
d. Handle Attachment
d1. Tang
- is the part of the blade that is slotted into the handle. Chisels
with a tang are typically manipulated by hand.

d2. Socket
- is the part of the blade the handle is slotted into. Chisels with a
socket are typically struck with a mallet.
Different Sharp-Edged Cutting Tools:
e. Blade Faces
e1. Flat Face
- chisel blades with flat faces are most often used for chopping
tasks and for cleaning up 90-degree angles and square edges.

e2. Bevel Face

- chisels with beveled faces are frequently used to cut and pare
joints that have sharp internal angles. Note that these are slightly
different from chisels with beveled edges – the bevels here meet
in the middle, but beveled edges (image from past slide) are not
so wide, leaving a flat section in the middle of the blade (image
from past slide).
Different Sharp-Edged Cutting Tools:
e. Blade Faces (continuation)
e3. Oval Face
- chisel blades with oval (or “rounded”) faces are the least
common and are found mostly on chisels designed for paring and
carving.
Different Smooth Facing Tools:
- Are sometimes regarded as “guided sharp edge cutting tools”. These tools are chisels with
frames to guide and limit the cut and make it smooth.
The different kinds of smooth facing tools are:
1. Spoke Shave
- a modified kind of draw knife with an adjustable blade like a
plane to limit the thickness of the cut.
Different Smooth Facing Tools:
2. Plane
- is used in smoothing boards or other surfaces for framing and moulding. Plane is also used to
make wood surfaces into uniform thickness.
Planes are classified according to its size and services:
2a. Jack Plane
- used for heavy rough works (flattening and smoothing of boards).
Usually has a length of about 350mm long, making it typically
longer than smoothing planes and relatively heavier.
Different Smooth Facing Tools:
2b. Fore Plane
- used for smoothing and straightening the rough or irregular cut of
the jack plane. Measuring about 460 mm in length, we use a fore
plane to flatten boards.

2c. Trying Plane

- is used to obtain the smoothest finishing. Measuring about
460mm in length. Works very well when used on a shooting board.
Especially good on difficult or reversing grain.
Different Smooth Facing Tools:
2d. Jointer
- measures about 600 mm in length. We use this plane to trim the
sides of boards just before we join them. It helps to achieve a finer
joint.

2e. Smooth Plane

- measuring about 175 mm in length, the smoothing plane
is still among the shorter members of the plane family. It
is used for final finishing for flattening and smoothing
boards (ideally for flat boards). If sharpened and used
with adequate skill, a smoothing plane can create a finish
on wood finer than that of sanding.
Different Smooth Facing Tools:
3. Moulding and Special Planes
- are planes used in making various shapes of moulding and cuts. The different types of moulding
planes are:
3a. Rabbet Plane
- also called as “rebate plane” and it is used to create
rabbets in planks of wood. It keeps the cut perfectly
parallel to the edge of the workpiece. The plane also has a
depth stop which prevents the depth of the cut from being
exceeded.
3b. Fillister Plane

- Similar in use as the rabbet plane but is preferable

because it cuts more accurately than the former.
Different Smooth Facing Tools:
3c. Grooving Plane
- is a plane used in woodworking to make
grooves or used in cutting across the wood
grain.

3d. Router Plane

- We use this type of plane to

clean out shallow mortises,
grooves and dadoes.
Different Smooth Facing Tools:
3c. Round and Hollow Moulding Plane
- is a plane used in woodworking
to make grooves or used in
cutting across the wood grain.

4. Electric Planer/Power Hand Planer

-a power planer's primary function is to smooth the surface of
wood, but it can also be used to smooth wood's rough end
grain. It's also used for tapering wood.
Different Boring or Drilling Tools:
- These tools are specifically designed to make hole in wood.

The different types of drilling tools are:

1. Brad Awls
- a small tool used for punching or piercing small holes. It is
generally used in starting a nail or screw into hardwood. Blade
length of 2” and with an overall length of just under 4”.
Different Boring or Drilling Tools:
2. Gimlets
- tools used for boring small holes by hand pressure classified as:
(a) Twist (b) Plain ; length is from 10” to 13”

3. Augers
- is used for boring holes with a diameter from ½” to 2”.
Augers provided with shanks are commonly called “bits”
Different Boring or Drilling Tools:
4. Twist Drills
- used for drilling small holes. Twist drill are preferably used in
cases where the gimlets or the auger may cause splitting of the
wood grain. These tools has lesser tendency to split the wood
grain because they are not provided with a cutting lip.

5. Spoke Pointer
- cuts conical holes. It is like the auger only
that the cutter is lengthwise
Different Boring or Drilling Tools:
6. Reamer
- is used chiefly by machinist in enlarging
metal holes. It is also used in carpentry
work for enlarging holes on wood when
made too small for the screw or its head.

7. Electric Drill

- Used primarily for boring holes in nearly all materials, the

electric drill can also be used for a variety of other tasks,
facilitated by several accessories and attachments. These
include sanding, screwdriving, grinding, and mixing paint
to name but a few.
Different Holding Tools:
1. Sawhorse or Trestle
- carpentry work such as chiseling, planning,
and the like, needs support to amply
sustain the operation. The Horse or Trestle
is the right tool for the purpose.

2. Retaining
- Under this category, there are several kinds of holding tools considered as rigid and strong
enough in tightly pressing the materials together.
Different Holding Tools:
2. Retaining (continuation)
a. Clamp
- is effective in tightly pressing pieces of wood together in making tenon, mortise and other
joints. Clamps may be classified into:
a1. Single Screw Jaw a3. Chain

a2. Double Screw

Different Holding Tools:
a. Clamp (continuation)
a4. Miter a5. Beam
Use of a Single Screw Jaw Clamp:

Use of a Double Screw Clamp:

Use of a Chain Clamp: Use of a Miter Clamp:

Use of a Beam Clamp:

Different Holding Tools:
b. Vises
- a tool used to hold a piece of material rigidly secured in place to absorb sever blows. The
available types are:

b1. Screw b2. Quick Acting Screw

Different Holding Tools:
b. Vises (continuation)
b3. Parallel Jaw b4. Swivel Base
Different Sharpening Tools:
- experienced carpenters realize the importance of sharpening tools in carpentry operation.
Sharp tools assure the worker in accomplishing a quality work and is faster than using dull
tools.
The different kinds of sharpening tools are:
1. Grindstone
- a flat disc solid stone usually of
sandstone mounted on a shaft used for
sharpening, shaping, or polishing metal
by turning

2. Oil Stone
- used after the grinding operation to achieve a
smooth and keen edge of the tools. Oil is used
as a lubricating medium and that is why they
are called oil stone. Oil stone are of two types:
a. Natural – found in the natural state
b. Artificial – are ordinary abrasives such as
carborundum and emery.
Work Bench
- is also an important tool in carpentry operation considering the various tools attached to it.
Work bench is considered as a shop tool and is needed for the different kinds of on-site or off-
site preparation of wood parts in all construction projects.
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