SUPREME Graphene Oxide: Single Layer Nanosheets

Hydrophilic Nanosheets with Excellent Optical and Mechanical
Properties for Numerous Industrial Applications
SUPREME Graphene Oxide

Single Layer Nanosheets
The first graphene samples were obtained by peeling off a single layer of graphite using Scotch tape. While this process is
simple and straightforward, it is not practical for graphene manufacture. Over the past decade, several other approaches have
been developed for the preparation of graphene, such as chemical vapor deposition, epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation
and chemical approach through the oxidation and reduction of graphite oxide. Out of these methods, the chemical
approach shows greater potential for large scale manufacturing due to the facile functionalization of graphene oxide and its
excellent dispersibility in water. In fact, graphene oxide is currently being explored in many companies and research labs around
the world as a precursor to graphene. In addition, graphene oxide can be used in a variety of applications from surfactants,
photonics and optoelectronic devices to water filtration and protective coatings. Our process demonstrates good control over the
carbon/oxygen content and exhibits a higher surface area than any of the GO products available in the market. Nanotech
Energy offers monolayer graphene oxide in manufacturing quantities for mainstream commercial applications.
Product Selection
We offer a broad selection of graphene oxide
in different physical states, concentrations and
quantities. Please see our website for product
selections and pricing.
Item #: 901404
CHARACTERISTICS DATA
Appearance Dispersion Paste Powder
Color Golden Brown Brown Golden Brown
Odor Odorless Odorless Odorless
Solid Content (Conc/) Customized 0.01-0.5% (w/w) 7-11.5% (w/w) NA
Solvent Water Water Dry Powder
pH of the product 3.0-5.0 1.9-3.0 NA
Apparent (tapped) density 0.9927 g/cm3 0.90-1.05 g/cm3 0.2- 0.45 g/cm3
Carbon content (XPS) 70.8 % (atomic)
Oxygen content (XPS) 27.8 % (atomic)
Ash (XPS) <1.4 % (atomic)
Dispersibility Dispersible in polar solvents including water, ethanol, isopropanol, NMP, DMF, and ethylene glycol
Lateral size of ultrasonic dispersed GO D90: 2.5 µm; D50: 0.9 µm; D10: 0.3 µm (precision ±20%)
sheets1
Particle size distribution of bulk powder2 D90: 16.9 µm; D50: 10.7 µm; D10: 6.3 µm
Number of layers3 Single atomic layers – ≈ 94.9%
1. Lateral flake size measured using AFM imaging of a GO film deposited on a silicon wafer, where the GO dispersion is probe sonicated for a few minutes before coating.
2. Particle size analysis was conducted using a Horiba LA-960N laser scattering particle size analyzer.
3. Single atomic layers can be achieved by dispersing GO in water followed by sonication for at least 5 min (probe) or 30 min (bath).
Applications
• Graphene research • Electronics • Catalysis • Sensors and biosensors
• Energy conversion • Conductive inks and coatings • Biomedical • Gas separations
• Energy storage • Composites • Membranes • Surfactant

Elemental Analysis Flake Size Distribution
Carbon 40-50 wt% Size distribution of GO: The Supreme GO flake size calculated from
an AFM topography image of a GO film using ImageJ software
Hydrogen 0-2.5 wt%
(left), and the GO particle size measured from GO powder analyzed
Nitrogen <0.3 wt% by a Horiba LA-960N laser scattering particle size analyzer.
Oxygen 40-51 wt%
flake size of Supreme GO sheets deposited Particle size distribution of the bulk Supreme GO
on Si wafer powder
A rich oxygen content up to 51

wt% in Supreme Graphene
Oxide confirms the massive
attachment of oxygen-
containing functional groups
such as hydroxyl, epoxide,
carbonyl, and carboxyl.
XPS Analysis Lateral Sheet Size (µm)
The XPS survey scan of Supreme Graphene Oxide shows the dominance of carbon (70.8 at%) and
oxygen (27.8 at%) elements with no more than 1.4 at% from other elements. The high-resolution C1s
spectrum of GO can be deconvoluted into five peaks corresponding to sp2 carbon (284.5 eV), sp3 carbon
(285.5 eV), C-O (287.5 eV), C=O (288.9 eV), and O-C=O (289.8 eV). The relative intensities of the peaks
provide an idea about the percentage contribution of each functional group as shown in the table.
Peak BE Percentage
C Species
(eV) (%)
sp2 284.5 4.9
sp3 285.5 30.2
C-O 287.5 57.1
C=O 288.9 3.2
O-C=O 289.8 3.4
XRD Pattern Raman Spectroscopy Thermal Analysis

The 2θ peak of Supreme Raman spectrum of Supreme TGA analysis of Supreme
Graphene Oxide at 11.18° Graphene Oxide shows two intense Graphene Oxide in air reveals
corresponds to a (002) peaks at 1350 and 1600 cm-1 three peaks at 50.1 °C, 222.2 °C,
interlayer spacing of 0.79 nm. corresponding to sp3 and sp2 and 484.5 °C corresponding to
The peak at 2θ= 26.4° arising hybridized carbons, respectively. water loss, thermal reduction,
from 0.34 nm graphite and combustion, respectively.
stacking is absent, indicating
effective exfoliation.
SEM Microscopy
When in the dry powder form,
supreme graphene oxide sheets
self-assemble into cabbage like
particles with a D50 of 10.7 µm. This
powder can be fully dispersed
back in polar solvents, forming
excellent dispersions with more 10 μm 2 μm
1 μm
than 94.9% of the GO flakes being
monolayers. SEM image of a GO SEM of graphene oxide nanosheets deposited on a
particle from bulk powder silicon wafer
TEM Microscopy
TEM images of the bulk powder
featuring crumpled cabbage-like
GO particles. Unlike the traditional
flat GO sheets, this structure
prevents the aggregation of the
material and facilitates the
redispersion of GO into various
solvents. The images also show the
morphological wrinkles and folds
in the GO sheets.
AFM Microscopy
AFM of Supreme GO nanosheets
deposited on a mica substrate
indicate the successful exfoliation
down to the monolayer level. The
height of the Supreme GO sheets is
0.9-1.5 nm thanks to the rich
functional groups on their surface
as well as the local wrinkles and
folds that can be seen throughout
the image.
Graphene Oxide Customized To Your Needs

Nanotech Energy offers graphene oxide in different formulations that
are designed to be customized for every kind of use. Our major focus is
to provide single layer graphene oxide product with superior optical
and chemical properties. We can also provide graphene oxide in the
powder form, paste or as dispersions. Additional parameters we can
precisely control are the sheet size, concentration of GO in the
dispersion, solution pH, the type of solvent used for making the
dispersion and purity level as a function of the pH or the ionic
conductivity of the GO solution. Nanotech Energy has the capability to
meet your requirements. Tell us your specs and we will customize the
GO for your application.
Last revised 6/10/2021
NANOTECH ENERGY
12100 Wilshire Blvd. | Suite 800 | Los Angeles, CA 90025 | 1 (800) 995-5491 | nanotechenergy.com

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Hydrophilic Nanosheets with Excellent Optical and Mechanical

Properties for Numerous Industrial Applications

SUPREME Graphene Oxide

Color Golden Brown Brown Golden Brown

Odor Odorless Odorless Odorless

Solid Content (Conc/) Customized 0.01-0.5% (w/w) 7-11.5% (w/w) NA

Solvent Water Water Dry Powder

pH of the product 3.0-5.0 1.9-3.0 NA

Carbon content (XPS) 70.8 % (atomic)

Oxygen content (XPS) 27.8 % (atomic)

Ash (XPS) <1.4 % (atomic)

Number of layers3 Single atomic layers – ≈ 94.9%

• Energy conversion • Conductive inks and coatings • Biomedical • Gas separations

• Energy storage • Composites • Membranes • Surfactant

A rich oxygen content up to 51

XPS Analysis Lateral Sheet Size (µm)

sp2 284.5 4.9

sp3 285.5 30.2

C-O 287.5 57.1

C=O 288.9 3.2

O-C=O 289.8 3.4

XRD Pattern Raman Spectroscopy Thermal Analysis

Graphene Oxide Customized To Your Needs

Last revised 6/10/2021

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