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    Naming Salts: Salt Compound Neutralisation Acid Base

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    Erwin Mauricio Padilla Roca
    A salt is formed by the neutralization of an acid by a base. The name of a salt consists of the metal or metal compound part from the base and the acid part. The type of acid determines the ending of the salt name and the ion it contains, such as nitrates containing the nitrate ion NO3-, chlorides containing the chloride ion Cl-, and sulfates containing the sulfate ion SO42-. Soluble salts can be made by reacting acids with soluble or insoluble bases, and insoluble salts are formed through precipitation reactions between soluble salts.

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    Naming Salts: Salt Compound Neutralisation Acid Base

    Uploaded by

    Erwin Mauricio Padilla Roca
    65 views5 pages
    A salt is formed by the neutralization of an acid by a base. The name of a salt consists of the metal or metal compound part from the base and the acid part. The type of acid determines the ending of the salt name and the ion it contains, such as nitrates containing the nitrate ion NO3-, chlorides containing the chloride ion Cl-, and sulfates containing the sulfate ion SO42-. Soluble salts can be made by reacting acids with soluble or insoluble bases, and insoluble salts are formed through precipitation reactions between soluble salts.

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    Making+Salts+++Notes

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    A salt is formed by the neutralization of an acid by a base. The name of a salt consists of the metal or metal compound part from the base and the acid part. The type of acid determines the ending of the salt name and the ion it contains, such as nitrates containing the nitrate ion NO3-, chlorides containing the chloride ion Cl-, and sulfates containing the sulfate ion SO42-. Soluble salts can be made by reacting acids with soluble or insoluble bases, and insoluble salts are formed through precipitation reactions between soluble salts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    65 views5 pages

    Naming Salts: Salt Compound Neutralisation Acid Base

    Uploaded by

    Erwin Mauricio Padilla Roca
    A salt is formed by the neutralization of an acid by a base. The name of a salt consists of the metal or metal compound part from the base and the acid part. The type of acid determines the ending of the salt name and the ion it contains, such as nitrates containing the nitrate ion NO3-, chlorides containing the chloride ion Cl-, and sulfates containing the sulfate ion SO42-. Soluble salts can be made by reacting acids with soluble or insoluble bases, and insoluble salts are formed through precipitation reactions between soluble salts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Naming salts

    A salt is any compound formed by the neutralisation of an acid by a


    base.

    The name of a salt has two parts. The first part comes from the metal,
    metal oxide or metal carbonate. The second part comes from the acid.

    You can always work out the name of the salt by looking at the
    reactants:

     nitric acid always produces salts that end in nitrate and contain the
    nitrate ion, NO3-
     hydrochloric acid always produces salts that end in chloride and
    contain the chloride ion, Cl-
     sulfuric acid always produces salts that end in sulfate and contain
    the sulfate ion, SO42-

    For example, if potassium oxide reacts with sulfuric acid, the products
    will be potassium sulfate and water.

    The table shows some more examples:

    Metal Acid Salt


    Sodium reacts Hydrochloric Sodium
    to make
    hydroxide with acid chloride
    reacts Hydrochloric Copper
    Copper oxide to make
    with acid chloride
    Sodium reacts
    Sulfuric acid to make Sodium sulfate
    hydroxide with
    reacts
    Zinc oxide Sulfuric acid to make Zinc sulfate
    with

    Note that ammonia forms ammonium salts when it reacts with acids.
    For instance, ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid to make
    ammonium chloride.
    Making soluble salts
    Soluble salts can be made by reacting acids with either soluble or
    insoluble bases.

    Making a salt from an alkali


    If you are using an alkali - which is a soluble base - then you need to add
    just enough acid to make a neutral solution (check a small sample with
    universal indicator paper).

    Warm the salt solution to evaporate the water. You get larger crystals if
    you evaporate the water slowly.

    1. A solution is placed in an evaporating basin and heated with a Bunsen


    burner
    2. The amount of the solution has reduced through evaporation

    3. The solution has evaporated, leaving a crystallised solute


    Making insoluble salts
    To make an insoluble salt, two soluble salts need to react together in a
    precipitation reaction.

    The table shows soluble and insoluble salts:

    Soluble Insoluble
    All nitrates None
    All common sodium, potassium and
    None
    ammonium salts
    Calcium sulfate and barium
    Most common sulfates
    sulfate
    Most common chlorides Silver chloride
    Sodium, potassium and ammonium Most common carbonates

    We can see from the table that silver chloride is an insoluble salt. It can
    be made by reacting a soluble silver salt with a soluble chloride salt.

    Silver nitrate and sodium chloride are both soluble. When their solutions
    are mixed together, soluble sodium nitrate and insoluble silver chloride
    are made:

    silver nitrate + sodium chloride → sodium nitrate + silver chloride

    AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)

    The silver chloride appears as tiny particles suspended in the reaction


    mixture - this is the precipitate. The precipitate can be filtered, washed
    with water on the filter paper, and then dried in an oven.
    The following is a common laboratory example of a precipitation
    reaction. Aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) is added to a solution
    containing potassium chloride (KCl), and the precipitation of a white
    solid, silver chloride (AgCl), is observed:

    AgNO3 (aq) + KCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + KNO3(aq)

    Note that the product silver chloride is the precipitate, and it is


    designated as a solid. This reaction can be also be written in terms of the
    individual dissociated ions in the combined solution. This is known as
    the complete ionic equation:

    Ag+ (aq) + NO3−(aq) + K+ (aq) + Cl−(aq) → AgCl (s) + K+ (aq) + NO3−(aq)

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