Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education

DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Jaybert B. Bonza
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.1: Meaning, Nature and Scope of Education psychology

Over the course of this semester, I have had the opportunity to learn about
educational psychology. I have always enjoyed psychology and was especially
interested in how it applied to teaching in the classroom. There were five specific
concepts we discussed over the semester that especially interested me. I found that
homogenous and heterogeneous grouping, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, operant
conditioning, cooperative learning, and divergent versus convergent thinking are five
psychological concepts that every teacher should learn about in preparation for
teaching.

Educational psychology embraced over the years various fields of education

e.g. intelligence testing, mental abilities, achievement testing, child psychology,
developmental psychology, school performance, mental deficiency, curriculum,
personality, character, educational measurement and so on and so forth.
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Jaybert B. Bonza
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.2: Behavioral, Developmental, Cognitive and Social

Perspectives.

First of all, through this assignment, I have learned that it is necessary to

apply the knowledge of human behavior and the social environment to each case
presented. Adults build life structures or patterns of living that are altered during
their life cycles. They claim that each relationship an individual occupies cause some
conflicts and balances that exist between the stages. It pushes a person to question
their life structure and questions where they have been versus where their life is
leading them. It will also provide a social worker with a set of ideas that will help get
a better understanding of the problem. In addition, it is through the use of these
theories that a social worker can determine what necessary steps need to be
addressed to help the client.

On the basis of Behavioral perspective which seeks to better explain the

physiological needs of our learner, as well as the way motivation can impact
behavior. Cognitive Perspective on the other hand operates on the belief that the
brain is the most important aspect in relation to the way that an individual behaves
or thinks. The basis for this foundation is on the way that information that is heard
or learned by the individual is processed by the brain. Even the same memories from
different people will be processed differently. Example: We all hear the same
information, but not all can process the same way. Developmental perspective is
important for investigating psychiatric disorders, it helps us become aware that our
development shaped more by our genetics or our environment. While Sociological
perspective helps us to understand the situations of others and allows us to better
understand the reason people are in. Acknowledging and understanding these
concepts helps paint a picture of society and are essential in making a difference.
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Jaybert B. Bonza
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.3: Blooms Taxonomy

Bloom's revised taxonomy (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001) served as a guideline

throughout my lesson plan, implementation, and assessment cycle. The hierarchical
structure of taxonomy in knowledge and cognitive process dimensions helped me to
understand students' cognitive process on a certain unit throughout lessons.
Students' previous level of understanding on the lesson unit was analysed along the
hierarchical topography, and the lesson objective was set to expand upon students'
current level on the topography. For instance, in previous lessons, students were
exposed to measuring a container using cups of water. Thus, their cognitive level on
a measurement unit can be placed in 'remember' the measurement procedure.
Based on my classification of students' knowledge processing, I set my next learning
objective to target the next step in the taxonomy - 'understand' and 'apply'. Thus,
learning task of estimating, measuring, and comparing capacities with cube blocks
was thus designed and implemented based on the systematic analysis on students'
cognitive development.

In addition to guiding me in my lesson planning, Bloom's taxonomy became a

lens to evaluate my lesson design and implementation. Throughout ongoing
observations on students' independent tasks, I realized that students were confused
about 'estimation' task; they wrote the same number on both estimation and
measurement parts, or wrote the estimate after writing down the measurement.
Their responses made me reflect on whether and how I explained what 'estimate' is
to students. I examined on which table along cognitive process dimension I placed
'estimate'. In my lesson plan, I categorized estimation on an 'understand' cognitive
process dimension. Yet, the confused responses from students showed that
'estimate' itself is a 'procedural knowledge' that belongs to a knowledge dimension
rather than a cognitive process dimension, requiring independent explanations to
students (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001). The adjustment was made in my
assessment rubrics.
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Jaybert B. BOnza
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.4: Human Development

In my understanding, Human development is a lifelong process of physical,

behavioral, cognitive, and emotional growth and change. This process starts in the
early stages of life from babyhood to childhood, childhood to adolescence to
adulthood, where enormous changes take place. Through this process each person
develops different attitudes and values that guides choices, relationships, and
understanding. Another important developmental stage is sexuality, this is a lifelong
process. Infants, children, teens, and adults are sexual being. It is important to
enhance a child’s physical, emotional and cognitive growth, it is imperative to lay
foundations that will help during the child’s sexual growth
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Jaybert B. Bonza
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.5: Developmental Characteristics of Children and

Adolescents

There are four fundamental components to child and adolescent

development. These include:
Cognitive development: development based on language, school, processing,
intelligence, etc.
Physical development: development based on growth, nutrition, motor skills,
health, etc.
Social development: development based on relationships, family, friends, the
community, etc.
Emotional development: development based on emotions, trust, behavior,
etc.
Within each of these four components, a child/ adolescent will go through
several different stages of development, each new stage building off of the last. All
children and adolescents develop at their own pace, and there are many innate and
environmental factors that can promote or hinder healthy development. It is
important for educators to have a solid understanding of levels of development as
they play a large role in the development of their students. I think that a teacher
who understands where his or her students are at developmentally will be better
equip to meet that students needs and create appropriate goals for that student to
work towards. I think that it is also important for educators to recognize that
although most of his or her students are at the same age/ grade level, they will all be
at different levels of cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development.
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Jaybert B. Bonza
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.6: Learning Disabilities

Learning disability is a very interesting topic. These processing problems can

interfere with learning basic skills such as reading, writing and/or math. It is
important to realize that learning disabilities can affect an individual's life beyond
academics and can impact relationships with family, friends and in the workplace.
I learned that there are different kinds of disabilities that us teacher should be
very aware because we can meet one or two learners in our class with disabilities. It
really inspires me to look for different resources, videos and other information
regarding to our topic for future reference and help learners who suffers from
difficulties. I realized that it should not always be on a teacher or parent factor but It
is absolutely necessary for students with learning disabilities to be a self-advocate.
This means being able to understand the nature of their disability, articulate their
strengths, and understand their weaknesses. Some learners don't realize they have
learning disabilities until they are adults. With the right support and interventions,
however, children and adults with learning disabilities can succeed in school and life.
Recognizing, accepting and understanding your learning disability are the first steps
to success.
Learning disabilities have no cure, but early intervention can lessen their effects.
People with learning disabilities can develop ways to cope with their disabilities.
Getting help earlier increases the chance of success in school and later in life. As a
teacher, your role in the acquisition of self-advocacy and self-reflection skills is vital
because you can model the best practices and help the student reinforce them by using
them. Teaching self-advocacy and self-reflection go hand in hand
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Jaybert B. Bonza
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.7: Theory of Moral Development by Carol Gilligians

Moral Development: Theories by Carol Gilligan, also referred to as moral

education, moral sensibility, and moral reasoning, moral developmenthas aided both
counselors and educators alike in understanding the values and moral base of
human beings. Moral education does not serve to “teach” these morals or create
their developments; rather, assists individuals in managing ethical issues that affect
themselves and which may arise in the world around them [Bal17]. Moral
development includes changes in behaviors, thoughts, and feelings regarding
standards of right and wrong and involves intrapersonal as well as interpersonal
dimensions. The most notable of these moral development theories have been
proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan [San16]. Lawrence Kohlberg’s
theory was intended to extend Jean Piaget’s earlier theory of moral development
and the cognitive processes of a child’s moral reasoning. Piaget’s theory focused on
children while Kohlberg focused his attention on adolescents. Carol Gilligan, an
assistant to Kohlberg in her earlier studies, disagreed with Kohlberg’s theories as
they were biased to males and held little conviction towards females. Developmental
psychology as presented by Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan have overwhelmingly
changed how we think about our morals and values as a society.
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Jaybert B. Bonza
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.8: Learning Styles

Learning style is an individual’s natural pattern of acquiring and processing

information in learning situation. This idea of learning styles was originated in the
1970s, and has greatly influenced education. For our prezi “Learning Style”
presentation we had to make a presentation on the following learning styles: (i)
auditory (ii) tactile/kinesthetic and (iii) visual. Our group did visual learning so I will
be looking at auditory and tactile/kinesthetic learning from groups one and two.

Auditory learners are learners that learn through listening. During my

learning experiences I understood that auditory learning dealt with an individual
being able to learn through hearing and speaking as a main way of learning. They
must be able to hear what is being said in order to understand the material. These
learners learn best through listening rather than instructions that are written.
Written instructions confuse the learner. I also understood that these learners use
their repeating and listening skills to choose the information that they come into
contact with.

To conclude I will like to reiterate that each learning style is unique and should be
treated equally, each student learn differently and teachers should be resourceful in
catering for each learning style when preparing their daily lessons.
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Sarah Grace M. Perez
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.9: Intelligence

“You can’t fit all students into one category” and yes, I agree on that word! Why?
Because learners excel in different areas, that there is multiple categories and
intelligences that determine the way students think and learn. Multiple intelligence is
a theory brought about by Dr. Howard Gardner. It is the idea that intelligence is much
more than just an IQ test and can and should be measured in different ways. In short,
this theory states that each person has different ways of learning and different
intelligences they use in their daily lives.
Gardner talks about his multiple intelligences that he has come up with. There are
nine different kinds of intelligence. 1.) Logical-mathematical, 2.) Linguistic, 3.) Bodily-
kinesthetic, 4.) Musical, 5.) Spatial, 6.) Interpersonal, 7.) Intrapersonal, 8.) Naturalist,
and 9.) Existential.
Knowing multiple intelligence is important to me as an educator because it helps
me to better understand that all children think and learn differently. It also helps me to
see that as a teacher I should have more diverse lesson plans because our learners
acquire many different intelligences.
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
DANIEL B. PEÑA MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Graduate Studies
Ziga Avenue, San Juan, Tabaco City

Course Code:       Educ. 201

Course Title:         Bio-Psycho Foundation of Education
Student:        Jaybert B. Bonza
Professor:        Iluminada B. Panong Ed, D.

Reflection no.10: Gender differences in the classroom

It's important to understand the educational implications of gender differences

between boys and girls. The importance of being aware of interpersonal behavior
and relationship of gender differences in a classroom provides numerous
opportunities for cooperative group work and frequent interaction with learners in
order to take advantage of boys' natural tendency to play in big groups and girls'
natural tendencies to engage in cooperative activities.
Studies believed that boys are generally more active than girls. Boys tend to have
trouble sitting still for lengthy periods, and therefore do not enjoy activities that are
sedentary in nature. Reading, coloring, and activities that require sitting still are
more difficult for boys. Girls have been found to perform slightly higher in verbal
ability exercises, while boys tend to perform slightly higher in visual-spatial exercises.
Boys do tend to show greater variability in cognitive abilities
So, as a teacher. We act as the facilitator in the learning process, we are
responsible for every child’s growth and learnings. Therefore, it is our duty to be
sensitive in handling gender issues of learners. We must involve them in our
educational goal, differentiate our instruction, learn their learning styles and
understand that sometimes we need to divert our lesson in order for the class to
fully understand the lesson and of course group them effectively. I believed that
those key elements will make me become effective and efficient teacher handling
multi-intelligent learners with gender differences.