Lesson 2: Understanding the Basic Concepts in ICT

Lesson Outcomes
1. Defined conceptually or operationally terms that are basic to the
understanding of ICT.
2. Used the concepts and terms in communicating with peers for further
understanding.

Let us explore various resources to have a clear understanding of this lesson. Let
us unpack some concepts and terms related to technology for teaching and learning.

Here are some terms and concepts that you need to know and understand.

1. Technology refers to a mix of process and product used in the application of

knowledge. It includes tools from pencil and paper to the latest electronic gadgets
and tools for practical tasks.

2. Information and Communication Technology Literacy or ICT Literacy is the use of

digital technology, communication tools and/or networks to access, manage,
integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information in order to function in a
knowledge society (Guro 21, 2011)

3. Educational Technology refers to the use of technology in teaching and learning.

Educational technology includes both the non-digital and digital.

4. Digital Literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share and create contents
using information technologies and the Internet (Cornell University). According to

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 American Library Association (2018), digital literacy is the ability to use
information and communication, requiring both cognitive and technical skills.

5. Digital learning is any type of learning that is accompanied by technology or by

instructional practice that makes effective use of technology. It encompasses the
application of a wide spectrum of practices which included blended or virtual
learning. It can come as online or off-line which utilizes digital technology.

6. On-line digital tools and apps use an Internet connection to access the information
needed. A common example is Skype. It is a telecommunication application
software product that specializes in providing video chat and voice calls between
computers, tablets, mobile devices via Internet and to regular telephones.

7. Off-line digital tools apps can still be used even if there is no internet access.
Among these are Canary Learning, Pocket, Evertone, ibooks, KA LITE (Gupta,
Prinyaka, 2017) downloaded in edtech review.

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 8. Instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development,
utilization, management, and evaluation of the processes and resources for
learning (Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Seels,
B.B. &Richey, P.C. 1994).

9. Software refers to program control instructions and accompanying documentation

stored on disks or tapes when not being used in the computer. By extension, the
term refers to audiovisual materials (Smaldino, 2005).

10. Multimedia is a sequential or simultaneous use of a variety of media formats in a

given presentation or self-study program (Smaldino, 2005).

11. Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It

connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any
computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are connected
to the internet. It is generally defined as a global network connecting millions of
computers (http://www.webopedia.com).

12. World Wide Web (www) is also called a Web which is a graphical environment on
computer networks that allows you to access, view and maintain documentations
that can include text, data, sound and videos (Smaldino, 2005). It is a way of
accessing information over the medium of the internet. It is an information sharing
model that is built on top of the Internet.

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 13. Web access is the ability of the learner to access the Internet at any point during
the lesson in order to take advantage of the array of available education resources.

14. Web quest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all information
that learners work with comes from the web. These can be create using various
programs, including simple word processing documents that include links to
websites.

15. Productivity tools refers to any type of software associated with computers and
related technologies that can be used as tools for personal, professional or
classroom productivity. Examples: Microsoft Office, Apple Works – word
processing, grade and record keeping, web page production, presentation) (KFIT-
Unesco 2016)

16. Technology tool is an instrument used for doing work. It can be anything that help
you accomplish your goal with the use of technology. These technology tools can be
classified as:

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 a. Data/Calculation tools.
Examples: spreadsheets, Excels, Sketchpads, probability constructor

b. Design tools. These are used to make models and design, creating and
building. Included here are Family Tree Maker, GollyGee, and Crazy
Machines among others.

c. Discussion tools. There are 4 different approaches that utilize discussion

and interaction in the Internet. These are threaded discussion forum,
Blogging, Live chat and Video Teleconferencing, Netiquette and Safety on
the Net.

d. Email tools. Emails are great communication tools for sending messages,
photographs, videos and other files. It allows you to reach out to others
around the world.

Examples are google mail, Ymail, Yahoo mail and many more.

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 e. Handheld devices. Handheld devices have become popular among learners.
These include Personal Digital Assistants, global positioning system, (GPS)
and geographic Information system (GIS) in the classroom, Portable
electronic keyboards, Digital cameras, Mobile phones, Palm, Handheld
computers.

17. Webquest is a teacher structured research experience for the students that is
primarily based on use of the World Wide Web and typically takes one or more
instructional periods (Bender & Waller, 2011).

18. Blog is an online journal where posted information from both teachers and
students are arranged. There are three kinds of blogs: blogs used for
communication, blogs used for instruction, and blogs used for both (Ferriter &
Garry, 2010).

19. Wiki, an editable website usually with limited access, allows students to
collaboratively create and post written work or digital files, such as digital photos
or videos. Wikipedia is one of the most widely recognized of all the wikis (Watters,
2011).

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 20. Flipped classroom utilizes a reverse instructional delivery, where the teacher is
required to use the web resources as homework or out of class activity as initial
instruction of the lesson which will be discussed during class time.

21. Podcast is a video or audio multi-media clip about a single topic typically in the
format of the radio talk show. The two basic functions of a podcast are to retrieve
information to disseminate information (Eash, 2006).

22. Google Apps is a cloud-based teaching tool which is stored in the Google server and
is available for students both at home and in school. It includes the gmail, a free-
mail for all; Google calendar – a tool used for organizational purposes; Google sites
that provide options for developing blogs and wikis; and Google docs is used for
sophisticated word processing and editing for the document.

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 23. Vlog is a video blog where each entry is posted as a video instead of the text.

24. Facebook is a popular social networking site used by students and adults
worldwide to present information on themselves and to the world.

25. VOIP (voice over internet protocol) is a category of hardware and software that
enables people to use the Internet as transmission medium for telephone calls by
sending voice data in packets using IP rather than traditional circuit transmission.

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 Republic of the Philippines
President Ramon Magsaysay State University
Iba, Zambales

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

EDCK 5
Technology for Teaching and Learning 1

Activity 2

Name: __________________________
Course/Year: ___________________

Task 1 Lesson 2

Direction: With an ICT gadget, find a friend in the FB, Twitter or Instagram who is also
a college student. Choose at least 3 important concepts that you can discuss with
him/her. Record your thoughts in the discussion and also your friend’s thoughts. Are
they similar of different? If they differ, why?

My Friend’s Thought
My Thoughts about the about the Concept (ask
Concepts Identified
Concept your friend to get an
answer)
Example: Concept about
borderless classroom
because of technology
Concept A

Concept B

Concept C

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 Lesson 3: Roles of Technology for Teaching and Learning

Lesson Outcomes
1. Identified roles of technology in teaching and learning.
2. Appreciated the value of technology in supporting student learning

As teaching and learning go together, let us explore what would be the roles of
technology for teachers and teaching and for learners and learning. According to Stosic
(2015), educational technology has three domains.

1. Technology as a tutor. Together with the teacher, technology can support

the teacher to teach another person or technology when programmed by the
teacher can be a tutor on its own. The teacher will simply switch on or switch
off radio programs, televisions programs or play DVD’s, or CDs that contain
educational programs. There are on-line tutorial educational programs, too.

2. Technology as a teaching tool. Like tutor, technology is a teaching tool, but

can never replace a teacher. This is like the handyman, which is just there to
be reached. Like any other tool, it is being used to facilitate and lighten the
work of the teacher. It will be good if the teacher can also create or develop
technology tools that are needed in the classroom.

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 3. Technology as a learning tool. While the teacher utilizes technology as the
tool for teaching., likewise it is an effective tool for learning. As a learning tool,
it makes learning easy and effective. It can produce learning outcomes that call
for technology-assisted teaching. Even the teachers who are teaching can
utilize similar tools for learning. As a learning tool, it is very interesting that
even the elderly uses these tools for learning for life.

A. For Teacher and Teaching

There are numerous roles that technology plays in the job of teachers. As a
tools, technology has opened wider avenues in management of resources and
management of learning. Likewise, it has modernized the teaching-learning
environment in schools. Here are some examples of the myriad of roles that technology
can do for teachers and teaching.

1. Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as the

facilitating of learning. It transforms a passive classroom to an active
and interactive one, with audio-visual aids, charts and models, smart
classrooms, e-learning classrooms which motivate and increase
attention level of learners. Many of these can be searched on the web.

2. Technology has modernized the teaching-learning

environment. The teachers are assisted and supplemented with
appropriately structured instructional materials for daily activities.
There are varied available technology-driven resources which can be
utilized for remedial lesson or activities. Likewise, there are also a lot
of technology-driven resources that can be used for enrichment
purposes. You may search for the examples on the web.

3. Technology improves teaching-learning process and ways of

teaching. This will make the act of teaching more efficient and
effective. There are arrays of teaching methods and strategies that can
use technology which are found compatible with learning styles. The
multiple intelligence theory of Howard Gardner tells us that there is a
genius in every child. This implies that there must be varied ways of
teaching as there are many varied ways of learning. All the learning
styles can find supports from technology, so that teaching will be more
effective and efficient.

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 4. Technology opens new fields in educational researchers. The
areas teaching testing and evaluation are enhanced by technologies for
teaching and learning. Current educational researches will no longer
find difficulty in interpreting tests, assessment and other evaluation
results. There are available programs that can analyze and interpret
results with speed and accuracy. Reference retrieval is also hastened
because many of the research materials are in digital form. Technology
has also provided access to big data that can be processed for problem
solving and inquiry.

5. Technology adds to the competence of teachers and inculcates

scientific outlook. Through the utilization of theories of learning and
intelligence, which are explained in references uploaded in the net, the
teachers are encouraged to imbibe skills to source this information with
speed and accuracy.

6. Technology supports teacher professional development. With

the demand of continuing professional development for teachers, the
availability of technology provides alternative way of attending
professional development online. For those who are involved as
providers of continuing professional development like trainers,
facilitators or organizers, they can level up or enhance their delivery
systems with the support of technology tools.

B. For Learners and Learning

1. Support learners to learn how to learn on their own. All teachers

fully understand that subject matter or content is a means to achieve
the learning outcomes. There are three categories of knowledge
according to Egbert (2009):

A. Declarative knowledge consists of the discrete pieces of

information that answers the questions what, who, when, and
where. It is often learned through memorization of facts, drills
and practice. It can be learned by simple mnemonics or
conceptual maps. Declarative knowledge is the fundamental
knowledge necessary for students to achieve more complex
higher order thinking such as critical thinking and creativity,
inquiry and production.
B. Structural knowledge consists of facts or piece of declarative
knowledge put together to attain some form of meaning. An
example of declarative knowledge is “pencil”. The idea that
evolved from a pencil is an understanding that: “it is something
used to write.” This is referred to as structural knowledge. It can
be presented by concept maps, categorization or classification.
C. Procedural knowledge is knowledge in action or the
knowledge of how to do something. It is based on facts but

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 learned through the process of procedural knowledge. Example
include how to drive a car, how to use a cell phone, or how to
speak English. Procedural knowledge is indicated by a
performance task or graphical representation of a concept.

The traditional sources of knowledge are printed books, modules and

journals. Other sources are primary sources such as information taken from
research. However, knowledge or content can be learned in many ways.

But how can technology support the learning of declarative,

structural or procedural knowledge? To teach content, time is always an
issue of teachers. Oftentimes, we hear teachers say: “Too many things to
teach, too little time to do”. Technology may be the answer; however, the
challenge is for teachers to use technology to learn the technology first. As
a facilitator of learning, the teacher can guide the students to look for the
resources and to utilized them appropriately. There are varied programs
that can be used by students off-line or on-line for students. What should
be necessary is that the students are engaged, the tasks should focus on
questions like how, why and which in addition to who, what, when and
where.

2. Technology enhances learner’s communication skills through

social interactions. This is commonly described as the transmittal of
information from one person to another as single individual or groups
of individual. According to Shirley (2003) in Egbert (2009) there are
three basic communication patterns:

A. Point to point two-way or one-to-one like Internet chat, hones

conversation or even face-to-face conversation.
B. One-to-many outbound like a lecture, or television. There is no
social interaction.
C. Many-to-many like group discussion, buzz session, heads
together. This kind of interaction provides opportunities for
social interaction.

Social interaction occurs in two ways where the participants ask for
clarification, argue, challenge each other and work towards common
understanding. Social interaction through communication occurs
through technology (directly between two persons via email, a cell phone
or other communication technology). It can also occur around technology
like students discussing about a problem posed by a software program
or with support of technology like teachers and students interacting
about the worksheet printed from a website. In all the three modalities,
communication occurs and technology is involved.

For this particular role, what are the benefits derived from
technology-supported communication?

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 a. Enables any teacher to guide the learners virtually and making
learning unlimited because communication and social
interaction go beyond a school day or a school environment.
b. Enhances students’ freedom to express and exchange ideas
freely without the snooping eyes of the teacher face to face.
c. Enables learners to construct meaning from joint experiences
between the two or more participants in communication.
d. Help learners solve problems from multiple sources since there
are limitless sources of information that the teacher can direct
or refer to the learners.
e. Teaches learners to communicate with politeness, taking turns
in sending information and giving appropriate feedback.
f. Enhances collaboration by using communication strategies with
wider community and individuals in a borderless learning
environment.
g. Develops critical thinking, problem solving and creativity
throughout the communication.

There are several technology tools and software programs that

you will learn in the coming modules.

3. Technology upgrades learners’ higher-order-thinking skills:

critical thinking, problem solving and creativity.

Twenty-first century learning requires the development of

higher-order-thinking skills.
Technology has a great role to play in the development and
enhancement of these skills. Let’s discuss this in the lesson.

Critical thinking is a part of the cluster of higher order

thinking skills. It refers to the ability to interpret, explain, analyze,
evaluate, infer and self-regulate in order to make good decisions.
With the use of technology, one will be able to evaluate the
credibility of the source, ask appropriate questions, become open-
minded, defend a position on an issue and draw conclusions with
caution. All of these competencies are covered by Bloom’s Taxonomy
of Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation.
Teachers play significant role in supporting learners with
technology. How?
As a role model, teachers should display and practice critical
thinking processes, so that the learners can imitate them. Here are
some ways that teachers can do to develop critical thinking.

a. Ask the right questions.

Most often teachers ask questions to find out if the
students can simply repeat the information from the
lesson. Although these are necessary questions like

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 what, who, when and where, these do not develop
critical thinking. Critical thinking questions should
ask for clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance depth,
breadth and logic.

Clarity: Here are some examples: can you give

examples of…
Accuracy: What pieces of evidence support your
claim?
Precision: Exactly how much…
Breadth: What do you think will the other group say
about the issue?

b. Use critical thinking tasks with appropriate level

of challenge.

Teachers should be mindful of the readiness of the

students. Students who have higher ability may find the
task too easy, thus getting bored early, while those who
have low ability may find the task too difficult. Thus there
is a need to have activities that are appropriate for the
learners. These can be determined by interview,
observations and other forms to determine the level of
readiness.

What are some simple ways that teachers should do?

1. Vary the questions asked.

2. Introduce new technologies.
3. Modify the learners’ grouping.
4. Encourage curiosity.

By nature, learners are curious. They ask lot

questions all the time. Why is the sky blue? Why do I have to
learn geometry? How do people choose what will they become
in the future? Can robots solve the problem of climate
change? How?

These questions will lead to critical thinking, but

some of these questions cannot be answered by the teacher.
The unanswered questions are voided or answered
unsatisfactorily. Sometimes, teachers shut down the
question that curtails the first step in critical thinking. The
internet as a problem solving and research tool can help find
answers to the questions.

Creativity is characterized as involving the ability to

think flexibility, fluently, originally, and elaborately
(Guilford, 1986 & Torrace, 1974 in Egbert, 2009). Flexibility
means able to use many points of view while fluently means
able to generate many ideas. Originally implies being able to

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 generate new ideas and elaborately means able to add
details. Creativity is not merely a set of technical skills, but
it also involves feelings, beliefs, knowledge and motivation.

Seven Creative Strategies (Osborn, 1963). these

have been simplified into fewer categories. To be creative, one
can use any of these strategies.

Substitute- find something else to replace to do what

it does.
Combine- blend two things that do not usually go
together.
Adapt- Look for other ways this can be used.
Modify/Magnify/ Minify- Make a change, enlarge,
decrease.
Put to another use- find other use.
Eliminate- Reduce, remove.
Reverse- Turn upside-down, inside out, front-side
back.
All together, the strategies will be labelled as SCAMPER.

What should teacher do to support student’s creativity? Here

are some suggestions:

1. Provide an enriched environment.

2. Teach creative thinking strategies.
3. Allow learners to show what they can do.
4. Use creativity with technology.

Further, teachers can do the following to develop and

enhance critical thinking, problem solving and creativity. As a
future teacher, try these suggestions.

1. Encourage students to find and use information from

variety of sources both on-line and off-line.
2. Assist students to compare information from different
sources.
3. Allow student to reflect through different delivery modes
like writing, speaking, or drawing.
4. Use real experiences and materials to draw tentative
decisions.
5. Involve students in creating and questioning assessment.

To do these, the teacher should see to it that right questions

are asked, student’s tasks should be appropriate to the levels of
challenge and curiosity is encouraged.

There are several critical thinking tools and technology

software that can support critical thinking skills. Some of these you
will encounter in the succeeding modules:

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 1. Encourages digital production projects.
2. Popularizes e-learning modalities
3. Enhances global awareness and citizenship.

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 Republic of the Philippines
President Ramon Magsaysay State University
Iba, Zambales

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

EDCK 5
Technology for Teaching and Learning 1

Activity 3

Name: _____________________________
Course/Section: ___________________

Write a paragraph about your personal experience on how technology has influenced your
life as a learner from elementary, high school and college.

How Technology Influenced My Life as a Learner

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
 Write a paragraph on how you are going to use technology when you will become
a teacher?

How will I use Technology When I Become a Teacher?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Technology For Teaching And Learning 1 PREPARED BY: RONALD PAUL A. MATAMPAC