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    1152 Fullpaper 20210601 174346

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    Ardhito Primatama
    This study analyzes electric vehicle charging station users in Indonesia. A survey was conducted of users and potential users of electric charging stations (ECS) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS). The results found that the average respondent was 36 years old, earned 5.7 million rupiah, had a family of 4, owned a motorbike but not a car or bicycle. Distance to city center was 7.9 km and highest education was high school. Logistic regression found that gender, age, education level and other demographic factors did not significantly influence ECS/EVCS use. Users chose ECS/EVCS for convenience near work or limited plugs at home. Increasing ECS/EVCS availability and ease of

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    1152 Fullpaper 20210601 174346

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    Ardhito Primatama
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    This study analyzes electric vehicle charging station users in Indonesia. A survey was conducted of users and potential users of electric charging stations (ECS) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS). The results found that the average respondent was 36 years old, earned 5.7 million rupiah, had a family of 4, owned a motorbike but not a car or bicycle. Distance to city center was 7.9 km and highest education was high school. Logistic regression found that gender, age, education level and other demographic factors did not significantly influence ECS/EVCS use. Users chose ECS/EVCS for convenience near work or limited plugs at home. Increasing ECS/EVCS availability and ease of

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    This study analyzes electric vehicle charging station users in Indonesia. A survey was conducted of users and potential users of electric charging stations (ECS) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS). The results found that the average respondent was 36 years old, earned 5.7 million rupiah, had a family of 4, owned a motorbike but not a car or bicycle. Distance to city center was 7.9 km and highest education was high school. Logistic regression found that gender, age, education level and other demographic factors did not significantly influence ECS/EVCS use. Users chose ECS/EVCS for convenience near work or limited plugs at home. Increasing ECS/EVCS availability and ease of

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views2 pages

    1152 Fullpaper 20210601 174346

    Uploaded by

    Ardhito Primatama
    This study analyzes electric vehicle charging station users in Indonesia. A survey was conducted of users and potential users of electric charging stations (ECS) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS). The results found that the average respondent was 36 years old, earned 5.7 million rupiah, had a family of 4, owned a motorbike but not a car or bicycle. Distance to city center was 7.9 km and highest education was high school. Logistic regression found that gender, age, education level and other demographic factors did not significantly influence ECS/EVCS use. Users chose ECS/EVCS for convenience near work or limited plugs at home. Increasing ECS/EVCS availability and ease of

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    THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION USERS: CASE

    STUDY OF INDONESIA ELECTRICITY MARKET


    [Fajar Nurrohman Haryadi, PT PLN (Persero) Research Institute, +622179973774, fajar.haryadi@pln.co.id]

    [Dzikri Firmansyah Hakam, PT PLN (Persero) Research Institute, School of Business and Management ITB, dzikri.f@pln.co.id]

    Introduction
    A mitigation strategy for road transportation is needed (Javid et al., 2014) because transportation is a major
    contributor to greenhouse gas emissions due to high energy consumption for vehicles (Suharyati et al., 2019). The
    number of vehicles in Indonesia is increasing every year which is dominated by two-wheeled vehicles, around 81.7%
    in 2018 (BPS, 2019). Emissions contributed by the transportation sector are high, transportation is now starting to be
    given an alternative to switching to low-emission electric vehicles, as well as household appliances. Electric vehicles
    have been around since the 1900s in the United States (US). As emissions from transportation increase, now several
    countries have redeveloped electric vehicles. Likewise with Indonesia which began to develop electric vehicles.
    Electric vehicles are able to reduce emissions intensively in several countries, including all of Europe, the United
    States, and China (Knobloch, 2020).

    The State-Owned Electricity Company (PLN) supports the program by establishing ECS (Electric Charging
    Station) and EVCS (Electric Vehicle Charging Station) in several areas. PLN has built more than 7,000 ECSs
    throughout Indonesia (Kompas.com, 2019). Several major cities in Indonesia already have ECS such as DKI Jakarta,
    Surabaya, Semarang and Bandung. In Jakarta there are 1,922 ECSs that have been built and are ready to operate.
    EVCS is a means of charging electrical energy for Battery-Based vehicles for the public (Presidential Decree No. 55
    of 2019). The construction of ECS and EVCS aims to facilitate the community in accessing electricity needs. Facts
    on the ground show that the ECS and EVCS infrastructure development does not appear to be very effective. The
    effectiveness of the construction of the ECS and EVCS cannot be seen because there are few visitors, there are not
    many electric vehicle users, the majority of ECS visitors are street vendors, and so on. Therefore, this study is focused
    on seeing how stereotypes of behavior patterns and needs of electric vehicle users can be used as information to
    increase the effectiveness of the roles of ECS and EVCS.

    There are several research discussing about EV adoption, such as research talking individual factors, for example
    gender (Chen et al., 2020; Javid et al., 2019; Sovacool et al., 2018), level of education (Habich-Sobiegalla et al.,
    2018; JH Kim et al., 2019; Mukherjee & Ryan, 2020; Sovacool et al., 2018; Vergis & Chen, 2015) and a person's
    age (Chen et al., 2020; Mukherjee & Ryan, 2020) which have a positive effect on individual decisions in adopting
    EV. But it is hard to find any research about the effectiveness of ECS and EVCS especially in Indonesia. This study
    focuses on the analysis of electric vehicle charging station users in Indonesia electricity market.

    Methods
    This study uses two types of research approaches, namely descriptive and quantitative research approaches. A
    descriptive approach is a type of approach that seeks to systematically describe a situation, problem, phenomenon,
    service, or describe an attitude towards a problem (Kumar, 2011). Whereas the quantitative approach is an approach
    used to measure variations in a phenomenon, situation, problem, or issue and if information is collected using
    dominant quantitative variables and analysis is directed to ascertain the amount of variation (Kumar, 2011).

    Descriptive approaches and quantitative approaches are used in this research. The descriptive approach is used
    for several purposes, namely: (1) to help describe the user profiles of general electric charging stations (ECS) and
    public electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS); (2) describe the customer satisfaction variables ECS. A quantitative
    approach is used to determine which factors significantly influence the customer usage patterns of ECS / EVCS and
    electric vehicles. The analysis technique used in the quantitative approach in this study is logistic regression analysis.
    Results and Conclusions
    The results of the survey based on all respondents showed that the average age of the respondents was 36 years,
    had an income of 5.7 million rupiah, the number of family members was 4 people, did not have a bicycle or car at
    home but had a motorbike, the distance from where they lived to the city center was around 7.9 km, the last education
    graduated from high school / equivalent, electrical power in class R-1 (450 VA to 2200 VA), and is not involved in
    community and environmental activities. The composition of respondents is more from potential customers than
    existing users. The results of the logistic regression with the dependent ECS and EVCS dummy variables show that
    the gender, age, education level of the respondent, the distance from the residence to the city center, the number of
    vehicles owned, the number of family members, household income, electricity class, and environmental care activities.
    and community organizations did not show any significant changes in the use of ECS and EVCS.

    The use of ECS / EVCS by respondents for both electric vehicles and others was based on several reasons.
    Respondents agreed with the statement that they chose to charge the battery of an electric vehicle or electronic device
    at the ECS or EVCS rather than at home because the ECS or EVCS location was around the workplace, chose to
    charge the battery of an electric vehicle or electronic device at the ECS or EVCS rather than at home because of the
    number of electrical plugs in their house is limited and also when parking or doing other activities. Respondents also
    agreed that the number of ECS or EVCS was increased in order to make it easier for respondents to charge electric
    vehicle batteries or electronic devices anytime, anywhere easily and comfortably.

    From the results of the analysis of factors, personal and cultural variables, ease of access, and environment have
    a significant influence on the decision to use ECS / EVCS, while the variables of the availability of facilities and
    infrastructure and flexibility do not significantly influence the decision to use ECS / EVCS. Increasingly, a person's
    assessment of his / her profile, such as lifestyle in terms of relationships and the use of popular or trending technology;
    age; and work, the opportunity for decisions to use ECS / EVCS is also increasing. The existence of ECS / EVCS
    which is easily found in their area and the practicality of using it also increases the opportunity to use ECS / EVCS.
    In terms of environmental factors, the increasing information or experience obtained from the closest family members,
    the smaller the chances of the decision to use ECS / EVCS, or in other words someone will tend not to use ECS /
    EVCS if they get input from close family members. In this environmental factor, it can also be explained that a person
    who increasingly charges electronic device batteries at home at night while sleeping will tend not to use ECS / EVCS.

    References
    BPS. (2019). Perkembangan Jumlah kendaraan bermotor menurut jenis, 1949-2018
    https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/17/57/1/jumlah-kendaraan-bermotor.html diakses pada 29 September 2020 pukul
    21.37 WIB

    International Energy Agency (IEA). (2020). Global EV Outlook 2020: Entering the Decade of Electric Drive?
    https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2020 diakses pada 29 September 2020 pukul 20.58 WIB

    Javid, R. J., Salari, M., & Javid, R. J. (2019). Environmental and economic impacts of expanding electric vehicle
    public charging infrastructure in California′ s counties. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,
    77, 320–334.

    Knobloch, F., Hanssen, S. V., Lam, A., Pollitt, H., Salas, P., Chewpreecha, U., Huijbregts, M. A., & Mercure, J.-
    F. (2020). Net emission reductions from electric cars and heat pumps in 59 world regions over time. Nature
    Sustainability, 1–11.

    Kumar, Ranjit. (2011). Research Methodology: A Step-By-Step Guide For Beginners.Edisi ketiga. SAGE
    Publications Ltd, London

    Suharyati, dkk. (2019). Indonesian Energy Outlook 2019. Jakarta: DEN

    Tim Kompas. (2020, 29 September). PLN Sudah Punya 7.000 Lebih SPLU di Indonesia
    https://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2019/09/11/084100915/pln-sudah-punya-7.000-lebih-splu-di-indonesia diakses
    pada 27 September 2020 pukul 20.35 WIB

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