Batangas State University

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts

Electronics, Instrumentation, and Mechatronics Engineering Department

Introduction to Electromagnetics
Presented for the course
ECE 401 Electromagnetics

ENGR. RAYNELL ANDAL INOJOSA, MSEEE

raynell.inojosa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph

Introduction | History | EM Model | EM Spectrum | Universal Constants

Lecture 1
COURSE OUTLINE 05
Time-varying Fields
Maxwell Equation’s in Different Forms
Teaching, Learning, and Assessment Activities Chapter 4
FINAL EXAM
Major Examination

03
Maxwell’s Equation MIDTERM EXAM 06
Plane-wave Propagation
Major Examination
Electrostatics and Magnetostatics Reflection and Transmission of a Plane Wave
Chapter 2 Chapter 5

02
Vector Analysis 04
EM Fields in Materials 07
Transmission Lines
Vector Algebra and Vector Calculus
Chapter 1 Electromagnetic Media and Boundary Conditions Wave propagation in transmission lines
Chapter 3 Chapter 6
01
Introduction
Introduction to Electromagnetics
Chapter 0

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18

August September October November December

2
Starter
Topic Outcomes

NO. 1 Learn the history of electromagnetics (EM) and applications in daily-life as well as the
prominent people in the field.

NO. 2 Illustrate a basic electromagnetic model and the spectrum of EM waves.

NO. 3 Review of basic SI units and universal constants to be used in this course.

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

History of
Electromagnetics
Introduction to Electromagnetics

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

History of
Electromagnetics
Introduction to Electromagnetics

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

 ▪ Ampere developed a mathematical model to represent
the magnetic forces between current-carrying conductors.
Faraday gave account for electromagnetic induction
History of
▪ Initially, electricity and magnetism were considered to be
Electromagnetics two separate forces. This view changed Maxwell’s Theory
Introduction to Electromagnetics which is considered as the father of EM Theory. Maxwell
clearly presented research on EM with lab experiments.

2021
Inojosa announced that there will be no
classwork today! Please enjoy your study
of Electromagnetics as this is one of the
foundations of Electronics Engineering.
Raynell Andal Inojosa Enjoy the rest of the semester. ☺
What is
Electromagnetics?

Introduction to Electromagnetics
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

What is
Electromagnetics?
Introduction to Electromagnetics

• Electromagnetics is the study

of electric and magnetic
phenomena caused by electric
charges at rest or in motion.
 ▪ Positive and
negative charges
are sources of
electric fields.
▪ Moving charges
produces a
current, which
gives rise to a
Introduction to Electromagnetics magnetic field.
Positive and Negative
Charges
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics
Warming up to For the circuit shown, what will happen?
a) Nothing
Electromagnetics b) Current will flow for a short time
c) Outcome depends on length and shape of wire
d) Outcome depends on frequency of source
Introduction to Electromagnetics

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Nothing
Introduction to Electromagnetics

▪ From our circuit background, we think

▪ Circuit is not closed, hence current cannot flow
▪ Frequency of source and length of wire does not matter

𝑖=0
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Current will flow for a short time

Introduction to Electromagnetics

▪ From earlier physic course, we might say that wire will be charged
and current flows during the charging process
▪ What process charges the wire?
▪ What will be the shape of current waveform?
▪ Again, does frequency of source matter?
▪ These questions cannot be answered without knowing the length
of wire and frequency of source.
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Shape of wire and frequency of source

Introduction to Electromagnetics

▪ What do you think of the situation below?

▪ Bent wire at high frequencies will cause voltage across resistor to

drop to zero!
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Electrical current into radio waves

 ▪Circuit theory cannot explain
mobile phone communication.
Introduction to Electromagnetics

Why
Electromagnetics?

A mobile telephone model

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Spectrum of EM waves ▪ The EM spectrum consists of
electromagnetic waves of every
Introduction to Electromagnetics conceivable frequency.
▪ At the very low-frequency
end are radio waves, both AM
and FM. These waves are in the
hundreds of kilohertz and
megahertz range. Obviously,
we use these waves to carry
radio broadcasts.
▪ As the frequency increases,
we find other uses for the
waves - television, cell phone
signals (in the gigahertz range).
Then come microwaves, both
for cooking and for
broadcasting and so on.

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics
Other applications of Electromagnetics
The emerging technologies using EM

Implantable Antennas Space Satellites Energy Harvesting Smart Infrastructures

▪ glucose monitoring ▪ disaster management ▪ wireless power transfer ▪ internet of things

▪ health monitoring ▪ internet connectivity ▪ renewable energy ▪ virtual reality
▪ tissue characterization ▪ geomapping ▪ wearable antennas ▪ automation
▪ surgery and operation ▪ fishpen detection via SAR ▪ smart agriculture
▪ other biomedical ▪ environmental monitoring ▪ LTE (4G,5G,6G)
application ▪ space exploration
Relevant research
works
▪ [a] RA Inojosa, M Wada, MR Vasquez Jr, “SEM analysis of plasma-treated
spray-coated carbon layers on polyimide substrates”, The 37th International
Symposium on Dry Process (DPS2015), Awaji Island, Japan.
▪ [b] RA Inojosa, M Wada, MR Vasquez Jr, “Reduction of Contact Resistance
of Copper Substrates via Radio Frequency Plasma Treatment”, 8th
International Symposium on Advanced Plasma Science and its Applications
for Nitrides and Nanomaterials / 9th International Conference on Plasma-
Nano Technology & Science, Nagoya, Japan
▪ [c] R. Inojosa and M.R. Vasquez Jr., “Effects of argon RF plasma cleaning on
Cu-leadframe surfaces for integrated circuit packaging” 1st International
Symposium of the Vacuum Society of the Philippines, 14–15 January 2016,
Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines.

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Relevant research
works
Electromagnetics application

[a] R. A. Inojosa, H. Deguchi and M. Tsuji, "High-

Efficiency Square-Aperture Horn Antenna with a Linear
Spline Profile," in Proceedings of International Symposium
on IEEE Antennas and Propagation (APS), Boston,
Massachusetts, July 2018.
[b] R. A. Inojosa, H. Deguchi and M. Tsuji, "Dielectric
Feedome for Controlling Higher-order Mode Coefficients
on a Square-aperture Horn Antenna," in Proceedings of
2018 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium,
Toyama, Japan, August 2018.
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Relevant research
works
Electromagnetics application
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Current research
work
Electromagnetics application LokaLTE: Local Development and Deployment
of Community LTE Networks in the Philippines
Develop and implement innovative solutions to
support distance learning and to address the
digital divide in the country in this time of the LokaLTE Components
new normal and beyond the pandemic. ▪ COTS LTE ▪ RF front-end ▪ deployment
System design and
Technology interventions: ▪ Open-source ▪ Building RF coordination
LTE software modules ▪ Policy
LokaLTE RuralCasting ▪ Content ▪ LTE base framework
caching stations ▪ survey and
system evaluation
Deployment &
Software Hardware
Policy
Relevant readings
For Asynchronous Learning

Continue reading Chapter 1 (1-2 hours):

• The Electromagnetic Model (pages 4-8)
• SI Units and Universal Constants (pages 8-10)
Reference:
• D.K. Cheng, Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, Inc. (uploaded in Google Classroom)

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Next Topic
Vector Analysis

▪ Scalars and Vectors

▪ Vector Algebra
▪ The Cartesian Coordinate
System
▪ Vector Components and Unit
Vectors
▪ The Vector Field
▪ The Dot Product
▪ The Cross Product
▪ Circular Cylindrical Coordinate
System
▪ Spherical Coordinate System

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Summary
Introduction to Electromagnetics

▪ Electromagnetics or electromagnetism is a branch of Physics

involving electromagnetic forces, i.e. dealing with concepts
and interactions of the electric and magnetic field.
▪ The importance of electromagnetism is realized every day
through telecommunication and electrical power systems. But
the significance of EMs is not confined to obvious everyday
manifestations.
ECE 401 ELECTROMAGNETICS

Sir Ino
raynell.inojosa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
09292410093

Contact Hours: Saturday (1:00 pm – 6: 00 pm)

QUESTIONS?

Batangas State University

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Electronics, Instrumentation, and Mechatronics Engineering Department