Republic

R e p u b licofo the
f t h Philippines
e P h ilip p in e s
Central Luzon State University
C e n t ra l Lu z o n S t a t e U n iv e rs it y
Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
M u ñ o z , N u e v a E c ija
sn

C o lle g e o f E n g in e e r in g

ABEN 2427
ABEN AND RELATED,
SPECIFIC CONTRACTS,
AND PROFESSIONAL
(Monday 1:00am-2:00pm)

ABEN

SUBMITTED BY:
S u b m it t e d b y : . PELAYO, Andrei Stanley
RACOMA, Kathleen M.
SAGUN, Cheenie Mae A.
SEDILLO, Albert R.
SOLOMON, Jimnie
SUAREZ, Eleazar John E.
BSABE 2-2
S u b m it t e d t o :
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Vitaliana Malamug
Instructor
 RA 9003

Asia has the fastest-growing population in the world, rising

by 29% over the past 2 decades. This equates to more than 120,000

people every day moving to Asian cities. By 2050, urban areas

will account for more than 65% of Asia’s total population,

doubling to more than 3.3 billion people. Globally, more than 10

billion metric tons of solid waste is generated annually from

urban households, commerce, industry, and construction, of which

Asia accounts for less than 25%. This is forecast to make up over

50% of global solid waste production by 2030. In fact, according

to the Global Waste Management Outlook published by the United

Nations Environment Program and International Environmental

Technology Centre in 2016, lower-income cities in Asia will

double their solid waste generation within 15–20 years.

Like any other developing country, waste management has become a

major problem in Philippines for the past decades. The rapid

population growth, urbanization and modernization in the country

have a significant increase of waste generated especially in

urban areas. Over the years the environmental effects of improper

waste management of people have resulted to many physical

evidences in the world especially in the jurisdiction of the

Philippines generating the passage of Republic Act (RA) 9003,

also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000,

legislation. This was passed by the Philippine Congress on

December 20, 2000 and was subsequently approved by the Office of

the President on January 26, 2001. This law was enacted in

reaction to the country's looming garbage problems. The adoption

of a systematic, rigorous, and ecological SWM program as a

country policy is declared by RA 9003 which ensure that the

public's health and the environment are protected. Enhancing

proper solid waste segregation, collection, transportation,

storage, treatment, and disposal through the formulation and

implementation of best environmental practices in ecological

waste management that do not include incineration. Promoting

national research and development projects for better solid waste

management and resource conservation strategies, as well as more

efficient institutional arrangements and indigenous and enhanced

waste reduction, collection, separation, and recovery methods.

Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential and benefits of

recycling not only in terms of waste management but also in terms

of poverty alleviation.

Ecological solid waste management is the comprehensive

management of activities that allow for waste segregation at the

source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, sorting,

treatment, and disposal of solid waste, as well as all other

waste management activities that are environmentally friendly.

must be characterized for the local waste management plan's

initial source reduction and recycling aspect. For on-site

recycling, each form of waste must be placed in its own

container, appropriately labeled as "compostable," "non-

recyclable," "recyclable," or "unique waste."

Together with government agencies, this law mandates the

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to oversee

the Commission to be established in general; it will prepare a

National Solid Waste Management Status Report; it will provide

technical and capacity-building assistance to local government

units; and it will issue rules and regulations to carry out the

Act. Coordinating with DENR, is the Department of Health which

prepares the National Solid Waste Management Status Report, which

will serve as the foundation for the National Solid Waste

Management Framework; and publishes the inventory of all solid

waste disposal facilities with the DENR and DILG. Moreover,

Department of Interior and Local Governments, Department of Trade

and Industry, DepEd and CHED play a vital role making waste

recycling and reuse easier, develop and incorporate a coding

framework for packaging materials and goods, publishing the

inventory of all solid waste disposal facilities, and improving

the incorporation of environmental issues into school curricula.

provides the mandate for solid waste management (SWM)

implementation in the Philippines. Despite the established

policies poorly managed solid waste systems are observed. This is

often reflected through the use of open landfills and dumpsites

although SWM alternative are available. Socio economic and

physicochemical studies of waste disposal sites in the

Philippines revealed a poorly managed system due to lack of

public awareness, less participation of stakeholders, and minimal

policy implementations. A need for public awareness is seen

necessary to help in mitigating the problem.

Thus, this paper provides an insight of human activities

which contribute significantly in waste management. Recognizing

the effects of improper management and garbage crisis that can be

prevented by practicing waste characterization and segregation at

source, proper collection and transfer, recycling, and composting

as mandated by the law.

the Philippines over the years. With this increasing population

particularly in urban areas, the amount of waste generated also

increase.

Estimated increase in waste generated in the Philippines

force the Filipinos who are rural dwellers to seek better living

in urban areas. Thus, resulting in increase in solid waste as

shown above.

The figure shows that the yearly amount of waste in the

country is expected to increase from 13.48 million tons in 2010

to 14.66 million tons in 2014 to 16.63 million tons in 2020. On

the other hand, Metro Manila’s waste generation continues to

increase as it contributes 22.2%, 24.5% Page | 4 and 26.7% to the

country’s solid waste in the years 2010, 2014 and 2020,

respectively.

There are now various initiatives towards waste reduction

such as ‘green procurement’. eco-labeling, identification of non-

Executive Order (EO) No. 301 was issued in 2004 establishing a

“Green Procurement Program” (GPP) for the executive branch of

government. The EO also provides for a systematic and

comprehensive National EcoLabeling Program (NELP) necessary to

support a “green procurement” policy in both government and the

general public. The GPP is an approach to procurement in which

environmental impacts are taken into account in purchasing

decisions. Environmentally responsible initiatives include switch

to electronic submission of purchase requests, reduction of

materials and energy usage, greening the supply chain and

patronage of eco-labeled products.

Composting is another alternative to managing solid waste. Under

RA 9003, composting is regarded as a means to meet the mandatory

waste diversion requirements. It is the biological decomposition

of biodegradable solid waste under controlled predominantly

aerobic conditions to a state that is sufficiently stable for

nuisance-free storage and handling and is satisfactorily matured

for safe use in agriculture. It can either be a component of an

MRF or established as a standalone processing facility. The law

also provides for an inventory of markets for compost and

guidelines for compost quality. Typical small-scale composting in

the Philippines is done in compost pits, tire towers, coconut

shell stack, bottomless bins, clay pots and plastic sacks.

turning, passive aeration, active aeration and static piles), in-

vessel (e.g., agitated beds, composting silos and rotating drum

bioreactors), and through vermin or worm composting.

Conclusion

Philippine’s population has double in the last quarter

century but the waste managing is still problematic. Based on the

review of the current waste management and waste problems of the

Philippines. It shows that government alone cannot solve this

problem. The creation of RA 9003 and its implemented policies is

an important element in dealing with the different issues and

concerns in the governance of solid wastes.

However, from our country’s experience it shows that the

policies though they are important element in the planning and

operation of waste management programs, will not be implemented

successfully without proper governance that will promote

participation of different stakeholders and citizens of our

country. In addition, the lack or weak compliance from waste

management policies also proves that no “best policy” can be

effective enforced by just looking on the environmental and

technical aspects of the situation and without considering the

other and equally important issue such as the social and economic
aspects. Overall, present strategies in must be reflective of

the mandate of R.A. 9003 and also considering the other problems

that cause the increasing the waste of the country. These

strategies reinforced existing knowledge of every individuals of

the country towards the waste managing.

References:

 Garcia L. (2019); A Work in Progress: Discussing the

Waste Management System in the Philippines. Retrieved

from: www.medium.com

 Integrated Solid Waste Management for Local

Governments: A Practical Guide (adb.org)

 Davao City Infrastructure Development Plan and Capacity

Building Project from 12308722_02.pdf (jica.go.jp)

 Solid Waste Management (SWM) Strategies in Mindanao

University of Science and Technology, Philippines

 March 2017

 Project: Waste and waste streams

 Van Ryan Kristopher R Galarpe and Brawner Brian L

Heyasa(2017) Solid Waste Management (SWM) Strategies in

Mindanao University of Science and Technology,

Philippines from (PDF) Solid Waste Management (SWM)

Strategies in Mindanao University of Science and

Technology, Philippines (researchgate.net)

(ide.go.jp)

 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES Eric O.

Torres from Microsoft PowerPoint -

05.Torres.ENfinal.Waste Management in the Philippines

[Compatibility Mode] (unhabitat.org)

 3-Solid-Waste-1.8.pdf (emb.gov.ph)

 www.agri.ph