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SUBJECT  AREA  I
Mathematics,  Surveying   and  Transportation   Engineering

Al ge b r a
Topic  1:
BINOMIAL  
EXPANSION
PASCAL TRIANGLE
 rthTERM

r term = n Cr−1 x
th n−r+1 r−1
y
PROBLEM 1:
Find  the  3rd term    of  the  expansion

( x + y) 4
PROBLEM 2:
Find  the  6th term    of  the  expansion

( 2x − 3y ) 8
PROBLEM 3:
Find  the  3rd term    of  the  expansion

1
( x + y) 2
ADVANCED  BINOMIAL  EXPANSION

• Negative  exponents
• Fractional  exponents

Use  Maclaurin’s  Series!!!!!

PROBLEM 4 :
Find  the  exponent  of  the  “y”  variable  of  the  3rd term    of  the  
expansion
−3
⎛ 1
⎞ 4

⎜⎝ 2 − 3x y ⎟⎠
2 3
Topic  2:
SUM   OF  
COEFFICIENTS
SUM  OF  COEFFICIENTS

*Substitute  1  to  variables

*If  one  of  the  terms  is  a  constant,  subtract  the  
constant  raised  to  the  exponent  “n”  to  the  initial  
value.
PROBLEM 5 :
Find  the  sum  of  coefficients  of  the  expansion

( x + y) 3
PROBLEM 6 :
Find  the  sum  of  coefficients  of  the  expansion

( x + 1) 3
PROBLEM 7 :
Find  the  sum  of  coefficients  of  the  expansion

( 2x − 3y ) 35
PROBLEM 8 :
Find  the  sum  of  coefficients  of  the  expansion

( 2 − 3y ) 35
Topic  3:
SUM   OF   EXPONENTS
What  we  usually  see  in  the  review  books…

SOE = n ( n + 1)
PROBLEM 9 :
Find  the  sum  of  exponents  of  the  expansion

( x + y) 3
PROBLEM 9-A:
Find  the  sum  of  exponents  of  the  expansion

(x 2
+y )
2 2
Actual  Equation:

⎛ h+ k⎞
SOE = n ( n + 1) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
Topic  4:
VENN   DIAGRAM
Venn  Diagram:
PROBLEM 10 :
In a certain group of consumers, each one may drink beer,
and/or brandy, and/or whisky or all. Also, 155 drink brandy, 173
drink beer, 153 drink whisky, 53 drink beer and brandy, 79 drink
beer and whisky, 66 drink brandy and whisky. 21 of them drink
beer, brandy and whisky. How many are there in the group?
PROBLEM 11 :
A review center gave an examination on geometry, calculus, probability and engineering economy to the
students. The results are as follows:
178 passed Engineering Economy 19 passed Calculus, Probability and Eng’g Economy
172 passed Probability 20 passed Geometry, Probability and Eng’g Eco.
177 passed Calculus 15 passed Geometry, Calculus and Eng’g Economy
161 passed Geometry 16 passed Geometry, Calculus and Probability
65 passed Probability and Engineering Economy 6 passed all subjects
63 passed Calculus and Engineering Economy
56 passed Calculus and Probability
49 passed Geometry and Engineering Economy
60 passed Geometry and Probability
51 passed Geometry and Calculus

If 93 students who did not pass in any subject, How many students does the review center have?
178 passed Engineering Economy
172 passed Probability
177 passed Calculus
161 passed Geometry
65 passed Probability and Engineering Economy
63 passed Calculus and Engineering Economy
56 passed Calculus and Probability
49 passed Geometry and Engineering Economy
60 passed Geometry and Probability
51 passed Geometry and Calculus
19 passed calculus, probability and engg economy
20 passed geometry, probability and engg eco
15 passed geometry, calculus and engg eco
16 passed geometry, calculus and probability
6 passed all subjects
If 93 students who did not pass in any subject,
How many students does the review center
have?
Topic  5:
SEQUENCE
Arithmetic  Progression

an = a1 + ( n − 1) d
Sum  of  Arithmetic  Progression  

n
S = ( a1 + an )
2

n
S = ⎡⎣ 2a1 + ( n − 1) d ⎤⎦
2
PROBLEM 12 :
Find  the  100th  term of  the  arithmetic  series:
2,5,8,11,14….
PROBLEM 13 :
Find  the  sum  of  the  first  100  terms of  the  arithmetic  series,  
2,5,8,11,14….
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PROBLEM 13-B:
In  the  recent  COVID-­‐19  in  a  local  village  in  Luzon,  6,390  
residents  were  forced  in  a  total  lockdown  to  prevent  the  
spread  of  the  virus.  The  food  provisions  distributed  by  the  
local  government  unit  will  last  216  meals  taking  3  meals  a  day.  
The  food  provision  lasted  9  more  days  because  of  daily  
deaths.  At  an  average  how  many  died  per  day?
Geometric  Progression

an = a1r n−1
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 Sum  of  Geometric  Progression

1.  When  r  >  1

a1 ( r − 1)
n

S=
r −1
 Sum  of  Geometric  Progression

2.  When  r  <  1

S=
(
a1 r − 1
n
)
1− r
Sum  of  Infinite  Geometric  Progression

a1
Sum.of .IGP =
1− r
PROBLEM 13-D:
A  ball  is  dropped  from  a  height  of  48ft  and  rebounds  two-­‐thirds  
of  the  distance  it  falls.  If  it  continues  to  fall  and  rebound  in  this  
way,  how  far  will  it  travel  before  coming  to  rest?
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 Harmonic  Progression
-­‐ a  sequence  of  numbers  in  which  their  reciprocals  forms  
an  Arithmetic  Progression

1 1 1
1, , , ....
5 9 13
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Topic  6:
PARTIAL   FRACTIONS
CASE 1: Factor of the Denominator all
linear, non-repeated

3x + 32x − 51
2
A B C
= + +
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x + 3) x − 1 x − 2 x + 3
CASE 2: Factor of the Denominator all
linear, some repeated

4x 2 + 7x + 8 A B C D
= + + 2 +
x ( x + 2) + ( x + 2) ( x + 2)
3 3
x x 2
 CASE 3: Some factors of the denominator
quadratic, none repeated

x 4 − x 3 + 14x 2 − 2x + 22 A Bx + C Dx + E
= + 2 + 2
( x + 1)( x + 4 )( x − 2x + 5 ) x + 1 x + 4 x − 2x + 5
2 2
CASE 4: Some factors of the denominator
quadratic, some repeated

3x 4 − 19x 3 + 60x 2 − 91x + 64 A Bx + C Dx + E

= + 2 +
(
x x − 2x + 5
2
)
2
x (
x − 3x + 4 ) (
x 2 − 3x + 4 )
2
PROBLEM 14:
Find  the  value  of  A  and  B.

x+3 A B
= +
( x + 1)( x − 2 ) x + 1 x − 2
PROBLEM 15:
Find  the  value  of  A,  B,  C,  D  and  E.

2x 4 + 3x 3 + 7x 2 + 10x + 10 A Bx + C Dx + E
= + 2 +
( x − 1)( x ) x −1 x + 3 ( )
2 2
2
+3 x +3
2
Topic  7:
THEORY   OF  
EQUATIONS
SOLUTION 1: Synthetic Division
 SOLUTION 2: Remainder Theorem

If a polynomial F(x) is divided by (x-­‐r) until a remainder

which is free of x is obtained, the remainder is f(r). If f(r)=0
then (x-­‐r) is a factor of f(x).
PROBLEM 16:
Compute  the  remainder  when

4x + 18x + 8x − 4
3 2

is  divided  by

2x + 3
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Topic  8:
DESCARTES   RULE   OF  
SIGN
PROBLEM 17:
Find  the  number  of  positive  roots  of

x − 5x + 6 = 0
2
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PROBLEM 18:
Find  the  number  of  positive  roots  of

x + 4 x + 3x − 8 = 0
3 2
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PROBLEM 19: May 2009 CE Board Exam
Find  the  number  of  positive  roots  of

x −1 = 0
2n
x −1 = 0
2n
x −1 = 0
2n
PROBLEM 20: May 2009 CE Board Exam
Find  the  number  of  rational  roots  of

7x 7 + 5x 5 + 3x 3 + x = 0
x −1 = 0
2n
Topic  9:
NUMBER   OF   DIGITS
PROBLEM 21:
Find  the  number  of  digits  of  100!
Topic  10:
CLOCK   PROBLEMS
 Clock  Problem
• If the minute hand moves a distance of x, the hour hand moves
(x/12).
• If the second hand move a distance x, the minute-­‐hand (x/60) and
the hour hand moves (x/720).
• In  12  hours,  the  minute-­‐hand  and  the  hour-­‐hand  of  the  clock  
overlap  each  other  for  11  times  (not  12  times).  So  in  one  day,  they  
will  be  together  for  22  times.
 Clock  Problem
• Each five – minute mark is subtends an angle of 30 degrees from
the center of the clock.
PROBLEM 22:
What  time  after  2PM  will  the  hands  of  the  clock  exactly  opposite?
PROBLEM 23:
What time after 2PM will the hands of the clock coincide for the
first time?
PROBLEM 24:
What time after 2PM will the hands of the clock form 90 degrees?
PROBLEM 25:
At what time after 3 o’clock will the hour and the minute hand be
80 degrees with each other for the 2nd time?
Topic  11:
AGE   PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 26:
Coco’s Mother is 35 years old. Three years ago, she was four times
as old as Coco was then. How old is Coco?
PROBLEM 27:
The sum of the Parent’s Age is twice the sum of their children’s
ages. Five years ago, the sum of the parent’s ages is four times the
sum of their children’s ages. In fifteen years, the sum of the parents
ages will be equal to the sum of their children’s ages. How many
children were in the family?
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PROBLEM 28:
Moana is twenty – four. She is twice as old as Basha when Moana
was as old as Basha is now. How old is Basha?
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Topic  12:
MOTION   PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 29:
If the speed of a racing car is increased by 20 kph, it will cover in 7
hours the same distance it can ordinarily cover in 8 hours. What is
its ordinary speed?
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PROBLEM 30:
A man walks from his house to the office. If he leave at 8AM and
walk at the rate of 2 kph, he will arrive 3 minutes earlier, but if he
leave at 8:30AM and walk at 3kph, he will arrive 6 minutes late.
What time should he arrive in the office.
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PROBLEM 31:
Butter and Sugar travels from point A to point B and back. Butter
starts 3 hours after Sugar started. Butter overtakes Sugar at a
point 4.20 km from B. If Butter reaches a 5hrs and 20 mins ahead
of Sugar, find the distance AB.
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Topic  13:
WORK   PROBLEM
PROBLEM 32:
A can do a piece of work alone in 30 days, B in 20 days and C in 60
days. If they work together, how many days would it take them
to finish the work?
PROBLEM 33:
A gardener can mow a lawn in 3 hours. After 2 hours, it rained and
he discontinued the work. In the afternoon, a girl completed the
rest of the work in 1 hour and 15 minutes. How long would it take
the girl to mow the lawn alone?
PROBLEM 34:
A swimming pool is filled through its inlet pipe and then emptied
through its outlet pipe in a total of 8 hours. If water enters
through its inlet and simultaneously allowed to leave through its
outlet, the pool is filled in 7 ½ hours. How long will it take to fill
the pool with the outlet closed?
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PROBLEM 35:
A steelman can saw a piece of bar into 5 pieces in 16 minutes. In
how many minutes can the steelman saw the same bar into 10
pcs?
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PROBLEM 36:
28 men can finish the job in 60 days at the start of the 16th day, 5
men were laid off and after the 45th day, 10 more men were hired.
How many days were they delayed in finishing the job?
Topic  14:
MIXTURE   PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 37:
A 50 mL 40% acid solution is added to a 150 mL 30% acid solution.
What will be the concentration of the resulting mixture?
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PROBLEM 38:
A 700 pound alloy containing 50% tin and 25% lead is to be added
with amounts of pure tin and pure lead to make an alloy which is
60% tin and 20% lead. Determine how much pure tin must be
added?
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PROBLEM 39:
A contractor is required to secure his 200 cu.m of materials for a
subbase from three pits with the following soil analyses. From the
first pit, the analysis is comprised of 55% coarse aggregate, 35%
fine aggregate and 10% mineral filler. The second pit comprised of
65% coarse aggregate, 20% fine aggregate, and 15% mineral filler.
The third pit comprised of 10% coarse aggregate, 50% fine
aggregate and 40% mineral filler. The volumetric composition of
the combined materials as desired is set at 50% coarse aggregate,
35% fine aggregate and 15% mineral filler. How much soil must be
taken from the first pit to produce the desired mix?
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Topic  15:
PROPORTION   AND  
VARIATION
PROBLEM 40:

If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, and x=14, when y=7, and

z=2, find x when y=16 and z=4.
Questions???
References:
1. https://mathalino.com/reviewer/algebra

2. Besavilla, V.B. (1986). Engineering Mathematics. VIB Publishing

3. Esplana, D.F. (2009). Practice Problems for Civil Engineering Board Exams. CALQ Publishing

4. Gillesania, D.I.T. (2014). Civil Engineering Reference for Licensure Examination Vol. 3. Cebu
DGPrint Inc.
 Thank  You.

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REVIEW  SOLUTIONS
 Free  Online  
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REVIEW  SOLUTIONS
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