The Effects of Migration on Material Culture 1

VISUAL ANTHROPOLOGY

THE EFFECTS OF MIGRATION ON MATERIAL CULTURE

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0.1 ABSTRACT

Immigrants fight to adjust to new cultures in the light of unprecedented cross-cultural

migration. For immigrants' adaptation processes, home experience as a physical, social, personal,

and temporary property is significant. Extant literature focuses either on home dimensions with

little connection to migrants, examines the content of home-related history, or investigates

migrants' identification ventures while directly reflecting on their contextual home experience.

This research takes an anthropological approach to understand the subjective transcultural home

and experience of first-generation immigrants. The research identifies three approaches to live

home: lengthening the history, transcultural blend of social ties and consumerism, and feeling

home inside yourself through autobiographical phenomenological interviews. The research

confirms existing literature on home, content culture, consumer acculturation, and an additional

emphasis on home experience. The results have significant consequences for policymakers in

corporations and the public.

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0.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS

0.1 ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................2

0.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................3

1.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................4

1.1 Scope and Objectives.......................................................................................................................4

2.0 METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................................5

Figure 1...............................................................................................................................................6

Figure 2...............................................................................................................................................7

2.1 Studying Migrants and Their Material Culture...........................................................................8

Figure 3...............................................................................................................................................9

Figure 4.............................................................................................................................................10

Figure 5.............................................................................................................................................11

3.0 FINDINGS..........................................................................................................................................12

Figure 6.............................................................................................................................................13

4.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................14

5.0 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................17
 The Effects of Migration on Material Culture 4

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Despite the fact that recent migration movements are common and migrants can be at the

forefront of social, political, and economic debates, archeologists have not often believed that

studying past migrations is feasible. Critics include ephemeral material remains of the migrants'

journey and the need to view material facts as artifacts that could reach the site on many paths.

Archaeology demonstrates the lives of refugees in their new homes to address these critiques. To

address migration occurrences, the specifics were derived from skeletal analyses, architecture,

and material culture[ CITATION DeL12 \l 1033 ]. Objects that can be related to activities that

preserve and present the identification or community of individuals are central to the innovative

adaptability of migrants.

1.1 Scope and Objectives

With new information on past migrations, researchers are moving to investigate the

nature and importance of such objects. This study is important to get beyond discussions of why

displacement happened to migrants in new areas. This work is necessary. In the course of, after,

and after their movement, migrants used material possessions to establish a sense of new

locations and to anchor them. The denial of material culture separates the connection between

the artifacts and their place in far broader social and historical stories, undermining any potential

explanations of archeological aspects[ CITATION Köh16 \l 1033 ]. Recent research into

significance and materiality offers convincing support for the moving history of immigrants'

material culture, regard them as representing what migrants missed, what they acquired, and the

essential part of artifacts in the expression of identification and cultural survival. I look at objects

from the locations from a different perspective to appreciate this migrant population after

studying a previous consideration of the material history of migrants. The work of archeologists
 The Effects of Migration on Material Culture 5

who research modern migrations must be used by all who work with the times previous to the

19th century. They provide meaning for the importance of items carried with migrants, as well as

the role of replicating major memories of home in their adaptation to foreign countries.

2.0 METHODOLOGY

Many of our understanding mechanisms for migrants and the significance of behaviors

and material items derive from contemporary migration studies. People can leave their homeland

for various reasons, from changing the climate to forced relocation from war or poverty or

educational opportunities and jobs. Various variables may affect materiality, and ethnography

offers a much-needed political, social, and job environment.

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Figure 1

The migrants can have varying approaches to the use of material culture, and other issues

may take precedence depending on when migration occurs and where it is not linked to tension,

compulsion, or opposition. The idea of cultural citizenship articulates migrants' nuanced

privileges - their ability to maintain their distinctions while becoming part of the dominant

nation-state society at the same time. Migrants can be a part of their new country, and they can

choose how they stay attached to their former homeland without abandoning their distinct

customs and values[ CITATION Col86 \l 1033 ]. In several ethnographies, transnational

migration students have found that kinship and friendly networks are critical for the adaptation

and progress of migrants.

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Figure 2

Several scholars have researched the importance of the items migrants bring, what they

leave on their crossings, and their connections to their past homes. Multiple migrants have

discovered that they have a rich record of their passage in the form of sacks, disposal containers,

clothes, and personal objects such as letters, photos, and jewelry[ CITATION Cab11 \l 1033 ].

Other scholars, who studied movement and homelessness, have record camps and the material

community of displaced persons from ethnographic and archeological perspectives. This critical

work reveals the retention of many material possessions from one camp to another by citizens

who believe American or British culture "haves nothing."

2.1 Studying Migrants and Their Material Culture

It may be difficult to identify migrants in the archeological record. Archeologists have

failed to recognize trends in material culture and practices which refer to migration, although

ignored migration events. Archaeologists have proposed to devote some time considering

migration activities in America when they are barely seen in culture transition discussions.

Inadequate methodological and analytical frameworks are also hindered from research that

cannot differentiate between proof content for trading, imprisonment, or migrants.

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Figure 3

They carry their collection of convictions, traditions, and inventions, reflecting their

personal and group identities with them as people travel. Archeologists considered whether

previous migrations could prove architectural types, settlement dimensions, pottery

manufacturing, economic networks, mortuary surveys, records of history, oral history, and

biological signature (isotope and genetic works)[ CITATION Hic10 \l 1033 ]. Artifacts are

sometimes categorized as non-local or local, and instruments are used for utilitarian or domestic

objects and no more significant items. The production, usage, and style of ceramics are
 The Effects of Migration on Material Culture 9

sometimes studied using a philosophy of practical use. Still, the views of the researchers differ as

to whether migrants have made conscious or unconscious decisions.

Figure 4

Migration studies have also developed frameworks to understand the dynamic position of

material culture in preserving and transforming the social identities of migrants. To identify the

dual role that numerous objects utilized in their lives as migrants as means and for contact across

new social structures, migration is analyzed by various archeologists. Items allow migrants to

integrate into modern social networks while retaining links to their former

communities[ CITATION Dun15 \l 1033 ]. Social network analysis may model or disappear

those types of items, especially as migrants have worked to carve their own social and economic
 The Effects of Migration on Material Culture 10

niches in their new homes, in areas where migrants have moved in or out. To improve their

standing in new societies, they might exercise their expertise in pottery making, sewing, farming,

and other craft manufacturing. These networks could be built by descendants of original settlers,

incorporating themselves into key roles within the host communities' social system.

Figure 5

The material cultures of migrants may also serve as artifacts of memory that enable

individuals to adjust to their new conditions and invoke their origins in important traditions.

Migration was and still is a transformative experience requiring a failure breakup. Everlasting

everyday life, habits, and growing isolation and strangulation may have affected migrants

moving on to new lands[ CITATION Tho09 \l 1033 ]. Yet migrants will recreate their preceding
 The Effects of Migration on Material Culture 11

living and culture utilizing artifacts from their homelands to deal with profound shifts and losses.

Thus perhaps the more worldly domestic items and traditions which be refreshed as a symbol of

homes and lives abandoned by migrants. In addition, salvaged items carried by migrants or sent

by their relatives can be used as material capsules from the homeland, hence materials that are

tangible points of connection with places and past landscapes. These artifacts may also hold

inertia where the sense remains as they are handed down in memory for centuries after the initial

migration.

3.0 FINDINGS

To appreciate how important artifacts are for migrants, the sense they have been collected

and used must be taken into account. When we look at how long people looked for and

transported items with them, we will try to grasp which objects are more important to migrants.

Migrants may or may not carry with them to their new homes, their most preserved items. If the

guards cannot be shifted, daily artifacts may acquire additional levels of context. When choices

are taken about the transport capacity, utilitarian items needed for life always prioritize other

products[ CITATION Dev95 \l 1033 ]. The only link between migrants and their past lives

maybe these basic things. In certain cases, migrants may retain links to their former homelands

and later purchase important items from their loved ones by exchange or shipments. In addition,

migrants may decide to create material cultures that recall what was previously kept with

resources locally accessible near their new homes. Any of these tactics might be utilized by

migrants, or their circumstances might limit a community. Archeologists should take precautions

to look at any path through which migrant artifacts may have reached archeological sites to

ensure that they take this part of the migrant experience when they visited and tried to establish

themselves in their new homes.

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Figure 6

Migration research from historical and ethnoarchaeological perspectives has recently

moved into consideration of artifacts carried by migrants, and much of this study has shown that

useful objects may be more essential in modern contexts than in previous homelands. Migrants

will not often be able to preserve the things they carried, leaving a track of abandoned material

culture that gives an even more profound impression of migration—an image of the

disappearance and rejection of former identity[ CITATION Köh16 \l 1033 ]. All of these items

are thrown into the wilderness when migrants are compelled to lighten their loads as they get

tired, leaving behind shoes, clothes, backpacks, food wrappers, and water bottles.
 The Effects of Migration on Material Culture 13

These latest examples show how migrants and prisoners keep the context of artifacts, and

what they discard shows the complicated connections people have with home content. Even the

simplest of artifacts will accept layers of language and should not be called "trass" or "exotic"

since those interpretational methods could lead archeologists to lose a crucial opportunity to see

the migration phase from the viewpoint of the journeymen[ CITATION Cab11 \l 1033 ]. The

retained objects may remind people of the world they have come from, assist them in creating a

sense of belonging, and connecting them to their loved ones. Material culture is an object of

social life, and also the objects citizens have to teach us about the decisions and the agency of the

migrants. In light of the rigors and risks of their trip, migrants leave behind a rich material record

of meaningful things that they wished to carry with them but did not eventually. Decades or

centuries after being rediscovered, these missing artifacts may be used to chronicle the trauma,

suffering, and recovery of those who endured border checkpoints, incarceration, and other

involuntary journeys to avoid forgetting these encounters.

4.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

To understand the role of migrants and examine the more nuanced object narratives in

their material cultures, the story proposed here for formation and occupation has been framed

using principles and methods introduced by other anthropologists. The methods and analytical

foundations for a more complex exam and interpretation of migrants' material culture have

significantly expanded in our region. Individuals and organizations have also gone as volunteers,

as migrants, and unintendedly as inmates and as prisoners through the remote and more current

history. In light of the extensive work on how and where migrations have arisen, when

migrations have taken place in the more distant past, it is always a matter for us to take into

account the material community as a window of migrant knowledge itself. By recognizing

 The Effects of Migration on Material Culture 14

material culture as more than functional instruments for physical survival, archeologists may

create complex perception and research approaches to better grasp the part of immigration,

preservation of identity, and cultural survival by material artifacts. Objects may replicate the

familiar, link homes and families, and memory and emotional repositories for people who are

anxious and often traumatic about moving. Everyday things may be converted as migrants put

much emotion into their possessions and use them as a physical link to their history and others

behind them. If it is still true that migrants themselves have differently interpreted this

mechanism, archeologists should take the diverse meaning of artifacts into account.

Suppose the existence of "non-local or alien" artifacts continues to be explained in an

area where movement occurs. In that case, we misunderstand the value and importance of these

objects and their access to the sites. In addition, without understanding how migrants can

proceed with previous activities through the production of valuable items with local content, we

risk mislabeling and removing artifacts from further study and perception as "local" or "no

local." The copies of significant artifacts made locally may be cultural preservation and

remembrance items since migrants create objects in their new homes to remind them of their

history. The choices taken by migrants while moving home and settling down there are

innovative, constructive answers and their traditions and technology do not remain passive

remains of the past.

Through comprehensive study has been carried out on migrants and their importance, not

all migration which has happened over time has been established. If items retrieved from sites

could be migrants' jobs, either their cargoes or their imports or their production locally, also has

to be considered. In this regard, your regions' history and social background and how common

migration happened in the past would need to be far more understood. This method is ideal for
 The Effects of Migration on Material Culture 15

times and regions in which many signs of migration lead to evidence—not only artifacts but also

skeletal study, architecture, historical records, or oral history, comparable to the above examples.

We should no longer only look to foreign artifacts at sites for proof of travel since opponents

sometimes justify these as proof of exchange instead of migration. A much greater history of

action and adaptation may be provided by a thorough analysis of useful instruments and the

judgment and social memory conserved in such artifacts.

Today, archeologists are well placed to consider migrants' views, and the multifaceted

importance of the artifacts used to describe their existence. Migration and migrants at the

forefront of global social and political debates today form part of a far broader world of human

movements and adaptation. Their material culture, texts, and images are curated by museums

worldwide related to contemporary migration. Archeology has the potential to emphasize greater

significance to people who articulate themselves with current problems of poverty, deprivation,

mental turbulence, and trauma experienced by too many people moving into new homes.
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5.0 REFERENCES

Köhn, S., 2016. Mediating mobility: Visual anthropology in the age of migration. Columbia

University Press.

De León, J., 2012. "Better to be hot than caught": Excavating the conflicting roles of migrant

material culture. American Anthropologist, 114(3), pp.477-495.

Tilley, C., Keane, W., Küchler, S., Rowlands, M. and Spyer, P. eds., 2005. Handbook of

material culture. Sage.

Collier, J. and Collier, M., 1986. Visual anthropology: Photography as a research method. UNM

Press.

Cabana, G.S. and Clark, J.J. eds., 2011. Rethinking anthropological perspectives on migration.

Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

Hicks, D. and Beaudry, M.C. eds., 2010. The Oxford handbook of material culture studies. OUP

Oxford.

Dunlop, S.L. and Ward, P., 2015. Narrated Photography: visual representations of the sacred

among young Polish migrants in England. Fieldwork in Religion, 9(1), pp.30-52.

Thomas, N., 2009. Entangled objects: exchange, material culture, and colonialism in the Pacific.

Harvard University Press.

Devereaux, L. and Hillman, R. eds., 1995. Fields of Vision: Essays in film studies, visual

anthropology, and photography. Univ of California Press.