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PhysioEx Lab Report

Exercise 7: Respiratory System Mechanics

Activity 1: Measuring Respiratory Volumes and Calculating Capacities

Name: Mercedes Fierro Sotomayor

Date: 14 October 2021

Session ID: session-02da0f17-e4dc-c80f-cb54-1547454a3bbe

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1 Which of the following statements describing the mechanics of breathing is

false?

You correctly answered: Ventilation relies exclusively on contracting skeletal

muscles.

2 The contraction of which of the following muscles will increase the thoracic
cavity volume during inspiration?

You correctly answered: the external intercostals.

3 At the beginning of inspiration, the

You correctly answered: thoracic cavity volume increases.

4 At the beginning of expiration, the

You correctly answered: pressure in the thoracic cavity increases.

5 A tidal volume refers to the

You correctly answered: amount of air inspired and then expired with each
breath under resting conditions.

Experiment Results
Predict Question

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1 Predict Question: Lung diseases are often classified as obstructive or

restrictive. An obstructive disease affects airflow, and a restrictive disease
usually reduces volumes and capacities. Although they are not diagnostic,
pulmonary function tests such as forced expiratory volume (FEV1) can help a
clinician determine the difference between obstructive and restrictive
diseases. Specifically, an FEV1 is the forced volume expired in 1 second.

In obstructive diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma, airway radius

is decreased. Thus, FEV1 will

Your answer: decrease proportionately.

Stop & Think Questions

1 Which muscles contract during quiet expiration?

You correctly answered: none of these muscles contract during quiet

expiration.

2 Minute ventilation is the amount of air that flows into and then out of the
lungs in a minute. Minute ventilation (ml/min) = TV (ml/breath) x BPM
(breaths/min).

Using the values from the second recorded measurement, enter the minute
ventilation.

You answered: 7500 ml/min.

3 A useful way to express FEV1 is as a percentage of the forced vital capacity

(FVC). Using the FEV1 and FVC values from the data grid, calculate the FEV1
(%) by dividing the FEV1 volume by the FVC volume (in this case, the VC is
equal to the FVC) and multiply by 100%.

Enter the FEV1 (%) for an airway radius of 5.00 mm.

You answered: 73.91 %.

4 A useful way to express FEV1 is as a percentage of the forced vital capacity

(FVC). Using the FEV1 and FVC values from the data grid, calculate the FEV1

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(%) by dividing the FEV1 volume by the FVC volume (in this case, the VC is
equal to the FVC) and multiply by 100%.

Enter the FEV1 (%) for an airway radius of 3.00 mm.

You answered: 73.91 %.

Experiment Data
Radius Flow TV ERV IRV RV VC FEV1 TLC BPM
(mm) (ml/min) (ml) (ml) (ml) (ml) (ml) (ml) (ml)
5.00 7485 499 ---- --- --- --- --- --- 15
5.00 7500 500 1200 3091 1200 4791 3541 5991 15
4.50 4920 328 787 2028 1613 3143 2303 4756 15
4.00 3075 205 492 1266 1908 1962 1422 3871 15
3.50 1800 120 288 742 2112 1150 822 3262 15
3.00 975 65 156 401 2244 621 436 2865 15

Baseline

Airway radius = 5.00 mm

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Airway radius = 4.50 mm

Airway radius = 4.00 mm

Airway radius = 3.50 mm

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Airway radius = 3.00 mm

Post-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1 To calculate a person's vital capacity, you need to know the TV, ERV, and

You correctly answered: IRV.

2 Measuring a person's FVC means that you are measuring

You correctly answered: the amount of air that can be expelled when the
subject takes the deepest possible inspiration and then forcefully expires as
completely and rapidly as possible.

3 Measuring a person's FEV1 means that you are measuring

You correctly answered: the amount of the VC that is expired during the first
second of the FVC test.

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4 For a person suffering an asthma attack, inhaler medications are expected to

You correctly answered: reduce the airway resistance.

5 Which of the following values does not include the ERV?

You correctly answered: TV.

Review Sheet Results

1 What would be an example of an everyday respiratory event the ERV
simulates?

Your answer:

Es la cantidad de aire que puede expulsarse mediante una espiración

forzada tras una inspiración forzada .Ejm: cuando corremos varios
kilómetros.

2 What additional skeletal muscles are utilized in an ERV activity?

Your answer:

Diafragma, los intercostales, los abdominales y los accesorios (escalenos,

esternocleidomastoideo e intercostales).

3 What was the FEV1 (%) at the initial radius of 5.00 mm?

Your answer:

35.41.

4 What happened to the FEV1 (%) as the radius of the airways decreased? How
well did the results compare with your prediction?

Your answer:

De acuerdo a los resultados que obtuve al ir disminuyendo el radio también

disminuyo el FEV 1 , por lo tanto es íntimamente relacionados , es decir , son
directamente proporcional.

5 Explain why the results from the experiment suggest that there is an
obstructive, rather than a restrictive, pulmonary problem.

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Your answer:

La enfermedad pulmonar restrictiva se caracteriza por una limitación al flujo

aéreo inspiratorio ya que existen restricciones que impiden que los
pulmones se expandan por completo. Sin embargo , la enfermedad
pulmonar obstructiva se caracteriza por una limitación del flujo aéreo
espiratorio debida a un daño en el interior de la vía aérea.

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