Lesson

1 Text Information and Media

What’s In

Photo by Marten Bjork on Unsplash

People Media utilizes texts most of the time to deliver their messages, this is no
surprise since we can find texts anywhere, from books, television shows, websites, billboards,
newspapers, t-shirts or even in the sand if someone decides to write something on the beach.
This lesson will discuss what is text and how this media can be used effectively to
present our ideas and express what we feel. The topics include different font types, and
design principles and elements of text.

What I Need to Know

The great 1st century Roman orator, Quintilian, once wrote that
“After you have chosen your words, they must be
weaved together into a fine and delicate fabric”.
Quintilian’s metaphor can now the observed everywhere as we write and record our
words through texts in different platforms.
Texts are words in written, printed or on-screen format. It is a very powerful tool for
communication and information.

Did you know? The Latin for fabric is textum.

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 What’s New

Activity 1.0: Imagine This

You receive a text from an unknown number:

This is your mother, I lost my phone and I need to call you. Please load this
number for at least 200.00. I don’t have much time. This is an emergency!

Wonder at this: As you read the text above:

1. How do you feel about the message?
Describe what you feel about the text message like alarmed, disturbed, encouraged, its
formality, or how genuine the message is.
2. What could be the reason that others might believe this message and follow what the
message instructed them to do?

Acitivity 1.1: Mapping

Roam around your house and look for the things in the list below. Check (✔) the box
(☐) in the right if you think the object can be used to write, print or display texts. You may add
your own list.

Task 1.1 Checklist

✔ (Example )Television Notebook Poster
Radio Paper Smartphone
Book Magazine Tarpaulin
Newspaper Journal Computer
Wall Pen Wood

Texts are the words in written or printed format. Today, it can also be found on screens
like TV and smartphones.

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 What Is It

Activity 1.2: Find a Match

Find any printouts (like magazines and newspapers) that will match each type of font
and stick a sample in the space provided in the right. Please describe your example of how it
was used.

Task 1.2 Find a Match

Typeface Sample

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serif#/media/File:Times_New_Roman_
sample.svg
SERIF fonts have each character with small extra strokes
at the end of the vertical and horizontal stroke.
Use: for formality and its readability in any texts that printed
in small sizes like books and letters.
Examples: Times New Roman, Georgia, Rockwell
How your sample Serif font was used?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sans-serif#/media/File:Helvetica.svg
SANS SERIF fonts do not have serifs. Unlike the classical
serif fonts, sans serifs are new or modern.
Use: for elegance and its readability in any on-screen
display like monitors and portable computers.
Examples: Arial, Impact, Calibri
How your sample Sans Serif font was used?

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Script_typeface#/media/File:Cursive.svg
SCRIPT fonts are styles that mimics handwriting.
Use: for stylistic presentation of texts like weddings and
memories.
Examples: Brush Script, Lucida Handwriting, Comic Sans

How your sample Script font was used?

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Jim_Crow_
sample.png
DECORATIVE fonts have extreme features or exaggerated
serifs designed to fit into a theme or emotion.
Use: Titles, headlines
Examples: Chiller, Curlz MT, Jokerman

How your sample Script font was used?

4
 Below are the Design Principles and Elements of Text. Let us understand each.

1. Emphasis – Use different size, weight, color, contrast and orientation to present texts
with greater value.

Image: “Yay! Party!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

2. Appropriateness – Using the right font, content and tone of presentation based on the
target audience or event.

Image: “Congrats!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

3. Space – Use space to create focus and strategically make other texts stand-out.

Image: “Largest!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

4. Alignment –Use text alignment to set symmetry, formality or free style.

Image: “Felipenas!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

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 5. Consistency –Use at least 2 or 3 colors, font styles and design styles for the whole
composition or content.

Image: “Free hugs!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

What’s More

Texts in digital format have different designs called Typeface, often called as fonts. It
consists of alphabets, numbers and special characters set.

Activity 1.3: Guess the Text

Explain each image if did or did not follow the design principles and elements of texts.
Task 1.3 Explanation

1. (Explain here)

2. (Explain here)

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3. (Explain here)

What I Have Learned

Text, when used properly, is a powerful tool for communicating information, persuasion
and suggestion. Texts can be observed in formal platforms like newspapers, books, magazines,
advertisements and anything printed or informal platforms like online blogs, e-mails, text
messages, social media and anything on-screen.
Presenting information through fonts also require understanding of the different types
of fonts and design principles and elements of text.

What I Can Do

There are many type of file formats of fonts we can install in our computer. Search the
difference of True Type Font (.ttf), Open Type Font (.otf), Web Open Font Format (.webm), and
Scalable Vector Graphics (.svg).

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 Lesson

2 Visual Information and Media

What’s In

Photo by Marten Bjork on Unsplash

Psychologist Richard Gregory proposed that how we see things involves a lot of
hypothesis testing to make sense of it. We based our perceptions on past experiences and
stock knowledge.
In the previous lesson, we learned about Texts Information Media, in this lesson, we
will learn Visual Information and take advantage to its potential for relaying or understanding
messages by identifying the types of visual information and observe the design elements and
principles.

What I Need to Know

Looking at the image at the right, even though we

can only see some blobs, our brain is hardwired to give
meaning to the image, like a woman’s face. If you also
look closely, we can observe a saxophone player, telling
you this will alert your brain to look for any resemblance
of that pattern.
Gregory believes that our brains perceive things
by adding meaning based on what it expects and past
experiences.
Image Source: http://openpsyc.blogspot.com/2014/06/bottom-up-
vs-top-down-processing.html

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 What’s New

Activity 2.0: Imagine this

You see two advertisement posters with the same content, you try to decide which
poster is more convincing.

Image: “Star!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Wonder at this: As you try to decide, ask yourself this:

1. Which poster is appearing as intended? The message must reflect with the visuals of
the poster.
2. Which poster color harmonious? When composing visuals, colors must be used
accordingly, it must match with the theme and at reflects reality or what you expect.

What Is It

Visual media are images or frames of images that we can construct and reconstruct to
give different meaning to it. We can observe it with photographs, videos, infographics comics,
memes and other objects that projects an image.

Activity 2.1: Interpretation

Describe the image below and give your interpretations of the image.

Photo by Alec Favale on Unsplash

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 We create meaning of what we see by using different types of visual information. Let
us discover these types.

Activity 2.2: Types of Visual Information

Interpret the image from the left using the space provided in the right.
Task 2.2 Types of Visual Information
Type and image sample Interpretation
Facial Expression: We tend to analyze emotions and
actions of people by reading facial and eye expressions.

Photo by rawpixel on Unsplash

Body Language: Postures and gestures can mean more
than words. We predict people’s motives and emotions by
reading body language.

Photo by rawpixel on Unsplash

Color: Most of us give meaning to colors based on
preferences, culture, experiences and human psychology.
We might think that color blue is a masculine color and
symbol of peace. Most companies prefer blue because it
represents trust but it also means loneliness and mourning
for other cultures. (Read more about Color Psychology)

Photo by MI PHAM on Unsplash

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Environment: We observe the environment we see and
give interpretations of the situation of the people in the
environment.

Photo by eddie howell on Unsplash

Symbols: Hand gestures, icon, brand logos, landmarks,
emoji are some of the symbols that we interpret every day.

Photo by Tyler Quiring on Unsplash

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 We can produce good visual media by understanding the different Visual Design
Principles and Elements.
Design Elements is the use of colors, space, texture, and other components in an
artistic representation.
Sample Image Element
Space. Using the canvas, you can use some
spaces to creatively produce stunning and
clever designs. Use spaces to make a direct
message since it creates focus to other
elements making it stand out.

Lines. Use lines to guide the viewer’s focal

point and separate objects in your design.
Use straight lines for order and neatness,
wavy lines for more movement, and zig-
zagged lines for tension or excitement.

Size. Use different sizes of your objects in

your design to show the relative importance
of objects and information.

Pattern. Designs with repeating objects

like lines and shapes forming patterns can
be aesthetically appealing giving a sense
of order to a design. Repetition is a crucial
element in branding design for consistency.

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 Texture. Textures give designs a sense of
realistic effects. It can add tactility and depth.
However, use this technique in moderation
as it may overwhelm your design.

Colors. Different color sets the mood and tone

of your designs. Color have psychological
impact to us. It is very important to understand
the different meanings of each common
colors according to human perception.

All images from this table were drawn by Jay Michael A. Calipusan.

Activity 2.3: Interpret the Ads

Explain each image if did or did not execute the visual design elements properly.
Task 2.3 Design Elements
Image Explanation
1.

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 2.

3.

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 3.

All images from this table were drawn by Jay Michael A. Calipusan adapted from different ads to fit this activity.

What’s More

Design Principles describe the ways that artists use of elements of art in a work of art.

Sample Image Principle

Focal Point. Make sure to make the important
objects of your design be noticeable first by the
viewer.

Contrast can make your design more visually

appealing by making other objects pop-out
from other objects of your design. Contrast
maybe the difference of two elements of your
design like black and white or thin and thick.

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 Balance. Always distribute the visual weight of
objects, colors, texture, and space.

Rhythm. Using lines, you can direct the

viewers in your design. This includes vertical,
horizontal, and diagonal lines. Use this
technique to convey different motions and
emotions.

Perspective. Use this principle to provide

depth in your designs. This will give a better
view and allows the viewers to have empathy
to your message or subjects in the image.

Unity. Using all the objects consistently or

cohesively in your design that it allows the
viewers to understand the message or story of
your image.

All images from this table were drawn by Jay Michael A. Calipusan.

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Activity 2.4: Interpret the Scene
Explain each image if did or did not execute the visual design principles properly.

Task 2.4 Design Principles

Image Explanation
1.

2.

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 3.

4.

All images from this table were drawn by Jay Michael A. Calipusan adapted from different image scenes to fit for
this activity.

What I Have Learned

Your knowledge of visual information and media is very crucial in the current society.
Most people are visually entertained and visually learning due to easier access of visual media.
Learning how to spot the hints and meanings of different visual designs can help you keep up
with this growing visually oriented society.
Eventually, you will have to create your own visual design, you must use elements and
objects to match with the correct design principles in order to engage your target audience.
You can communicate correctly if you apply these principles.

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 What I Can Do

Infographics are graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge

intended to present information quickly and clearly. Search and read online about The Ultimate
Infographic Design Guide: 13 Tricks for Better Designs.
Study the color guide below to help you create a meaningful infographic.

The Psychology and Meaning of Colors

from colorpsychology.org
Red: Associated with passion, love and Pink: Associated with gentle love,
desire. Increases respiration rate, raises tenderness, vulnerability and youth. Known
blood pressure and enhances metabolism. as the color for women.
Atrracts attention and signifies danger.
Green: Associated with growth, harmony,
Brown: Associated with reliability and freshness, and fertility. Known as the color
dependability, people who are reserved and of money, good health, calmness, and slows
not looking to attract attention from others. human metabolism.
Represents maturity, predictability and
dullness. Purple: Associated with royalty, power,
nobility, luxury, ambition, wealth, wisdom,
Orange: Associated with happiness, dignity, creativity and magic.
enthusiasm, creativity, determination, and
stimulation. White: Associated with purity, viginity, light,
goddes, perfection, safety, cleanliness, and
Yellow: Associated with energy, intellect, faith.
cheerfulness and stimulates mental activity.
Indicates honor, loyalty, and connected with Black: Associated with power, elegance,
cowardice. formality, death, evil, and mystery. The
symbol of grief.
Blue: Associated with uniqueness,
authenticity, sympathetic, compassionate, Gray: Neutrality, wisdom, intelligence,
idealistic, spiritual and sincere. Known as futuristic, stable, dignity and maturity. Lack
the color of peace, men and sadness. of confidence and energy, depression, and
boredom. Increases sence of sophictication
and calmness.

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 Lesson

3 Audio Information and Media

What’s In

Photo by Candelaria P. Maghanoy

Using visual media to channel information can be very effective if the elements and
principles are used properly. Visual information can be aided with audio media to deliver a
stunning impact to our audience.
Remember how we tend to relate with love songs when we are pleased or feel pain?
Pinoys are known to love singing in karaoke, this is not surprising since most of Filipinos grew
up listening to music in their home, neighbors, schools and places they visited. Music is an
audio that is same as hearing someone talk, the audio that music produced was composed to
please our ears and hopefully deliver the message or information.

What I Need to Know

One of the first discoveries regarding sound was made in the sixth century B.C. by the
Greek mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras. He noted the relationship between the
length of a vibrating string and the tone it produces.

Did you know? Sound is the only core formula of communication for animals while it
is the key for humans communicate with spoken languages besides body languages.

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 What’s New

Activity 3.0: Imagine This

While at home, you were having a conversation with your guardian/parent about your
grades, try to communicate with her/him without talking.

Wonder at this: After you imagine trying to communicate without talking, think about this:
1. Describe how you imagined yourself trying to communicate without talking?
2. Do you think your guardian or parent will understand you without talking?
3. Can you find other ways to communicate using sound without talking?

Audio is a sound within the range of human hearing.

Audio - relating to Reception - the action Transmission - the action

or employed in the or process of receiving or process of transmitting
transmission, reception or something sent, given, or something or the state of
reproduction of sound. inflicted. being transmitted.

What Is It

Below are the Types and Categories of Audio Information.

1. Different forms of audio we can produce and record.

Radio broadcast - live or recorded audio Sound recording - recording of an

sent through radio waves to reach a wide interview, meeting, or any sound from the
audience. environment.

Sound clips/effects - any sound, Music - vocal and/or instrumental sounds

other than music or speech, artificially combined in such a way as to produce
reproduced to create an effect in a beauty of form, harmony, and expression
dramatic presentation, as the sound of a of emotion. It is composed and performed
storm or a creaking door. for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic
pleasure, religious or ceremonial
purposes, or as an entertainment product.

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 2. Different ways of storing audio media.

Tape - magnetic tape on which sound can CD - a plastic-fabricated, circular medium

be recorded. for recording, storing, and playing back
audio, video, and computer data.

USB drive - an external flash drive, small Memory Card - is a small storage medium
enough to carry on a key ring, that can be used to store data such as text, pictures,
used with any computer that has a USB audio, and video, for use on small,
port. portable, or remote computing devices.

Computer hard drive - secondary storage devices found in personal computers and can
store audio files.

3. Common audio file formats.

MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer) - a common M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced

format for consumer audio, as well as a Audio Coding) - an audio coding
standard of digital audio compression for standard for lossy digital audio
the transfer and playback of music on compression. Designed to be the
most digital audio players. successor of the MP3 format, AAC
generally achieves better sound quality
than MP3 at similar bit rates.

WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an

standard for storing an audio bitstream on audio data compression technology
PCs. It has become a standard file format developed by Microsoft and used with
for game sounds, among others. Windows Media Player.

What’s More

Elements of Sound Design. The objects or Principles of Sound Design. The

things that we have to work with: techniques for combining the different
elements or objects.
• Dialogue - speech, conversation,
voice-over. • Mixing - the combination, balance
and control of multiple sound
• Waterfall - As first element fades
elements.
out, the second element begins at full
volume. Better for voice transitions, • Pace - Time control. Editing. Order
than for of events: linear, non-linear, or multi-
linear.
• Sound Effects - any sound other
than music or dialogue. • Transitions - How you get from
one segment or element to another.
• Music - vocal or instrumental sounds
(or both) combined in such a way as • Stereo Imaging - Using left and
to produce beauty of form, harmony, right channel for depth
and expression of emotion.
• Silence - absence of audio or sound.
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 What I Have Learned

We have learned that audio is a sound the we can hear. We can use audio to store
sound through recording and play it by reading the storage device for our audio. We can
broadcast audio, communicate, compose music and more! With the new age (present), we
can take advantage of our technological advancements to store audio from analog to digital
format and listen to it anytime with our MP3 players or any audio player software.

What I Can Do

Activity 3.1: List it Down

List down 10 title of songs that are in your MP3 list.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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 Lesson

4 Motion Information and Media

What’s In

Photo by Alex Holyoake on Unsplash

We learned in the previous lesson that we can store audio, this means we can also
store data, texts, images and video.
Most of us experience motion media from our earliest childhood. We watch cartoons,
anime, films, advertisements, TV series, computer games and stream videos. These are all
part of our culture.

What I Need to Know

Jack Nicholson once said,

“…all the things you can’t really teach in social studies or
history, we learn them at the movies”.

Fortunately, films have been used and highly recommended in school curriculums as a
teaching aid.
Even at early age, we try to understand motion media and in addition to that, we learn
new languages, codes and conventions, different cultures and behaviors.
This is why it is very important to understand what motion media offers and how they are
composed, for us to determine fantasy, realism, history, events, and significant or irrelevant.
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 What’s New

Activity 4.0 Imagine This

Take a 10 selfies and every time you take a picture, move slightly. After taking 10
slightly different selfies, try to view each picture (in order) in less than 5 seconds.

Sample motion images by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Wonder at this: As you observe your 10 selfies, ask yourself this:

1. Why do my selfies look like its moving when viewed faster in transition?
2. Can this be the concept behind how motion media is presented?

Motion Picture is a series of images projected on screen in rapid succession. The

slight change of positions and movements of each image makes an illusion of motion. These
images are called frames. Most motion media have 24 frames per second, which means, in
a video, they project 24 images in every 1 second. Today, most motion picture are saved in
digital format called video.

What Is It

Did you know? Filming began in 1890s and it was just under a minute long without
sound because of the limits of technology.

Activity 4.1: Video Demonstration

Produce a 10 second video
about you demonstrating how to
properly drink water. Be creative.
Save the video in your smartphone
or personal computer for evaluation.

Photo by Johnny McClung on Unsplash

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 There are many ways to produce a motion picture. Let us explore the different motion
pictures produced throughout the history.

Activity 4.2: Motion Picture

Provide a picture that you find the best example for each type of motion picture.
Example, for animation, you can use your favorite anime like Dragon Ball Z. Use the space
provided in the right.
Task 4.2 Types of Motion Picture
Motion Picture Image Sample
Traditional Animation. A technique in which each frame
is individually drawn by the artist or animator.

CC BY 3.0, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31407257
Computer Animation: The art of creating animation using
computer. It can be in a form of (2d) two-dimensional or
three-dimensional (3d).

By Hipocrite at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to

Commons., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.
php?curid=2098302
Stop Motion Animation: A technique used to bring
static objects create an illusion of movement. Object
like clay figures, puppets and miniatures are often used
by moving in increments while filming each for 1 frame.

By Francesco Madeo - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.

wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39572403

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Film: A series of moving pictures that have recorded and
shown on screens. It is recorded using a motion picture
camera.

Photo by Jakob Owens on Unsplash

Combination of Visual Effects. Most of the films today
use computer generated images (CGI) for special
effects like environment manipulation the and character
models.

A computer generated image featuring a house, made in Blender.

By Mayqel, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.
php?curid=2440711

Video producers use different cinematic techniques. Let us discover the common
camera shots and camera angles.

Activity 4.3: Camera Shots

Choose which image matches each camera shot and camera angle’s description.

Task 4.3a Camera Shots

Camera shots are techniques to show the amount of space in a scene.
Extreme Long Shot. Also known as Establishing Shot, it sets up the context for a scene by
showing large amount of landscape to establish general setting.
1. Which of the image below you think is an Extreme Long Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Patrick Perkins on Unsplash Photo by Max Bender on Unsplash
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Long Shot. May show landscape but focuses on a specific setting where the action will take
place.
2. Which of the image below you think is a Long Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by eberhard grossgasteiger on Unsplash Photo by JC Gellidon on Unsplash
Full Shot. Shows the entire object or character intended to place some relationship between
characters and environment.
3. Which of the image below you think is a Full Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Jeffrey Lin on Unsplash Photo by rawpixel on Unsplash
Mid-Shot. Also known as social shot, it shows the character from the waist up to let the
viewers see the character’s facial expressions in connection with other characters or
environment
4. Which of the image below you think is a Mid-Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Nicholas Green on Unsplash Photo by Christopher Campbell on Unsplash

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Close-up. Also known as personal shot, it shows only a character’s face for the viewers to
understand and empathize with the character’s emotions.
5. Which of the image below you think is a Close-up Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Helena Lopes on Unsplash Photo by Filipe Almeida on Unsplash
Extreme Close-up. Shows and focuses on one part of the character’s face or object to
create an intense mood of emotion.
6. Which of the image below you think is an Extreme Close-up Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Peter Forster on Unsplash Photo by Kelli McClintock on Unsplash

Task 4.3b Camera Angles

Camera angles focuses on the viewers’ position to understand the relationship of the
characters, objects and environment.
Bird’s Eye Angle. Usually used for establishing shot, it is an angle that looks down on a
scene.
1. Which of the image below you think is a Bird’s Eye Angle?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Denys Nevozhai on Unsplash Photo by Nikita Karimov on Unsplash

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High Angle. Used to demonstrate to the viewers the perspective of a character. By making
the camera to look down on a character, the subject may look vulnerable, small or weak.
2. Which of the image below you think is a High Angle?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Aliyah Jamous on Unsplash Photo by Hanna Postova on Unsplash

Eye-level Angle. The most commonly used camera angle, it makes the viewers comfortable
with the characters.
3. Which of the image below you think is an Eye-level Angle?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Alexis Brown on Unsplash Photo by Bao Truong on Unsplash

Low Angle. The camera is looking up to the character, this makes the character look
more powerful and may make the audience feel vulnerable or small in the presence of that
character.
4. Which of the image below you think is a Low Angle?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Ryan Tang on Unsplash Photo by Shubham Sharma on Unsplash

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Dutch Angle. Tilts the camera to disorient the viewers. This effect is used to demonstrate
confusion or strange scenes.
5. Which of the image below you think is a Dutch Angle?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Victoriano Izquierdo on Unsplash Photo by Artem Kovalev on Unsplash

Choosing videos and films as resources for your academic works may be tricky. Let us
explore T.R.A.P. by Middlesex Community College to help us evaluate these videos and films.

How to Evaluate a Video: Tips for Finding Quality Information

Timeliness (When?)
Check for the date it was published or last updated
Inspect the relevance of old videos as your source
Will the video exist for years to come or does it have backups for viewing?
Reliability (How?)
Check for credibility and accuracy of the video
Always consider the copyright of the video
Know the cast or persons involved in the video
Is the video bias or a propaganda?
Authority (Who?)
Who uploaded, owns or distributes the video?
Know if the writers, producers or creators are expert or experienced of the what they
are trying to communicate
Purpose (Why? What?)
What particular audience does the video intend to reach?
Is it created to entertain, inform, share, advertise, or influence views and beliefs?
Does the information of the video suits what you need?
Check the content: Its topic, story, goal, theme. Is it a report or documentary?

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 What’s More

When producing a motion media, most professionals use script (screenplay) and
story board in their production.

Script. Also known as screenplay, is the text that describes the action, scenes, camera
instructions and words to be spoken by the actors.
Sample from a screenplay, showing dialogue and action descriptions.

By Mendaliv - Own work by uploader, originally uploaded to English Wikipedia.,

Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4970002

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 Story Board. It describes what happens in your video by making thumbnail of images.
It usually looks like a comic strip. While scripts use texts, storyboards are mainly visual. Making
story boards before filming helps you to plan more effectively, finalize your ideas and predict
possible problems during production.

A storyboard for The Radio Adventures of Dr. Floyd episode #408

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Activity 4.4: Storyboarding
Think of an original story to be played in 1 minute. Create a script and storyboard for
your story. For more information about screenplay and storyboard, visit https://thewritepractice.
com/screnplay-process/ and https://boords.com/blog/how-to-make-a-storyboard

Please follow this format:

Activity 4.4 will be graded using this rubric:

Maximum
Criteria
Points
The main idea is delivered clearly and developed with good
Message 5
details
The sequence of the scenes are smooth, the details of the story
Story 5
are evident from start to end.
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 What I Have Learned

By understanding motion media, we can analyze, explore and understand the possible
messages and information of media that we watch and hear. This will also help us create our
own craft in producing films.
We explored the different ways to produce motion pictures like animation, films,
computer generated image or the combination of all ways. In making films, using cinematic
techniques are very crucial for better production and always make good scripts and storyboard.

What I Can Do

The use of lightings in a film plays a major role in the whole output of the film, this
cinematic technique is an indicator of nonverbal mood and emotion of the film.
There are still many cinematic techniques that we must learn. Search for the Camera
Movement, Sound and Lighting, Diegetic and Non-diegetic sound cinematic techniques.
You may start with this link https://www.primeeducation.com.au/cinematic-techniques-
critical-studies/

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 Lesson

5 Interactive Media

What’s In

Photo by Alex Holyoake on Unsplash

Watching videos and listening to music can be exhilarating but it is more exciting to
have the option to control the output of what you are watching on screen. Manipulative media
or interactive media gives us the option to do so, we can control what will be viewed, what the
actions of a character we play, what item to purchase, what song to play and more.

What I Need to Know

Interactive Media - Interactive media allows users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and
video; each of which can be accessed from within any of the others. It engages the user and
interacts with the user.
Hypertext – a software system that links topics on the screen to related information and
graphics, which are typically accessed by a point-and click method.
Website – A location connected to the internet that maintains one or more pages on the World
Wide Web.
World Wide Web – abbreviated as WWW or known simply as the web. It is an information
space where documents and other web sources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators
(URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the internet.

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 What’s New

Activity 5.0: Wonder at This

1. Think about your first time using Facebook. What were the steps you did to create and
access your account? How did you post your first thought?
2. Why do you think Facebook is very popular? Enumerate the ways in which you interact
with Facebook.

Let’s do this:
Ask two persons (it may be your seatmates, friends, neighbors, or guardians/parents)
about the actions that they have done on Facebook. Ask them to check the box next to the
statement that they agree to have done. Below is a table where they will check the box on the
actions that they have done on Facebook.

Actions Done on Facebook Person Person

1 2
Clicked the ‘like’ button.

Watched a video.

Messaged a friend on a one-to-one basis.

Commented on a friend’s photo or video.

Read an article.

Read a news story.

Commented in a friend’s profile status.

Logged in to see what’s happening without posting myself.

Uploaded and shared photos.

Updated my profile status/posted about what I’m doing.

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 Interactive Media allows users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and video; each
of which can be accesses from within any of the others. It engages the user and interacts with
the user. It allows interactivity between the technology (the computer) and the user (human);
the computer responds to or communicates with the user as a response to user’s actions.
Example of using an interactive media through Online Booking. When we book a flight online,
we use the website as our media. We, the users, interact with that media through clicking on
the dates and payment for our flight.
There are different platforms or dimensions of interactive media and these are (a) Mobile
apps, (b) 3D TV, (c) Video Games, (d) Role-Playing Games, (e) Massively Multiplayer Online
Role Playing Game, (f) Interactive websites, (g) Virtual Reality and Immersive Environments,
(h) Power Point, (i) Interactive smart boards, and (j) computer software.

Below are the different platforms of interactive media. Let us understand each.

a. Mobile Apps – or Mobile Applications f. Interactive Websites – these are

is a software developed specifically websites that let users take on a pool,
for use on small, wireless computing survey, exams, exercises or even
devices such as smartphones and allow online social interaction such
tablets, rather than desktop or laptop as social media sites (e.g. Facebook,
computers. Twitter, etc.).
b. 3DTV – a television display technology g. Virtual Reality and Immersive
that enables a three-dimensional effect, Environments – the computer-
so that viewers perceive that an images generated simulation of a three-
has depth as well as height and width, dimensional image or environment that
similar to objects in the real world. can be interacted with in a seemingly
real or physical way by a person using
c. Video Games - a game played
special electronic equipment, such
electronically; manipulating images
as a helmet with a screen inside or
produced by a computer program on a
gloves fitted with sensors.
television screen or any other display
screen. It could be educational such as h. PowerPoint presentations – may
Bookworm, or Multiplayer that allows contain links, hypertexts, images,
two or more players to play with one sound, graphics, or other multimedia
another or together. elements.
d. Role-Playing Game – or RPG is a i. Interactive smart boards – allows
game in which players assume the the teacher and the students to have
roles of characters in a fictional setting. physical interaction with the subject
The players take responsibility for matter using this format.
acting out these roles within a narrative,
j. Computer software – allows users to
either through literal acting or through a
interact with text, graphics, sound and
process of structured decision-making
video, each of which can be accessed
or character development.
from within any of the others.
e. Massively Multiplayer Online Role
Playing Game – or MMORPG is any
story-driven online video game in which
a player, taking on the persona of a
character in a virtual world, interacts
with a large number of other players.

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 Interactivity is the communication process that takes place between humans and the
different dimensions of interactive media. The most common types of interactivity include:
a. Click – the action where the user uses the left mouse button or the right button. Example
is when you click the like button.
b. Hotspot – a special region to act as a trigger to another web page or site. It could be a
circle, triangle, rectangle, or polygon.
c. Slideshow – a non-linear interactive slideshow where the pathway through the show
is determined by the user’s interaction with it.
d. Timeline – a menu slide that branches to different events.
e. Hover – an image, text, or portion of it that changes in appearance when the mouse
cursor moves over it.

What’s More

Activity 5.1: Short-Response Questions

1. Name 3 actions that demonstrates interactivity of Online Shopping? Follow this format:

Action Interactivity (what it do?)

(i.e. Click on Add to cart button) Allows for items to be added to cart ready
for check-out or payment.
1.

2.

3.

2. Name 4 advantages and disadvantages of online gaming. Follow this format:

Advantages Disadvantages
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

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Activity 5.2: Interactive media and its interactivity
To be able check your understanding of interactive media and interactivity, complete the
worksheet below:

Interactive Media Example Non-Interactive Interactive Action

Platform Action
e.g. Mobile Apps Plants vs Zombies View available cards Play with cards against AI
Heroes or Online
Mobile Apps
3D TV
Video Game
Role Playing Game
Massively Multi-
player Online Role
Playing Game
Interactive Web-
sites
Virtual Reality and
Immersive Environ-
ments
Slide presentations
Computer software
Interactive smart
boards

What I Have Learned

The concept of Interactive Media is the engagement of the user through interactivity by
allowing users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and video.
A website, with the help of internet connection, is one of the best example that we can
observe today, website’s hyperlinks and scripted features like buttons, comments sections,
upload page, streaming and more.
The different platforms of interactive media are mobile apps, 3DTV, video games, role-
playing games, massively multiplayer online role playing game, interactive websites, virtual
reality and immersive environments, powerpoint presentations, interactive smart boards, and
computer software. The list goes on, but to determine and interactive media, most of them
have something to click, a hotspot, slideshows, timeline, and hover.

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 What I Can Do

Educational games are games that are designed to help people to learn about certain
subjects, expand concepts, reinforce development, understand historical events or culture, or
assist them in learning a skill as they play.
Hypermedia is a system in which various forms of information, as data, text, graphics,
video, and audio, are linked together by a hypertext program.

Activity 5.3: Search Online

Search for an online IQ, psychological test or diagnostic test on the internet. Take
the test and submit your results either through email or printout. Write a brief evaluation or
assessment on the test taken, focusing on the following:
a. The practicality of an online IQ, psychological test or diagnostic test.
b. Interactivity of the online exam
c. Other features you would like to incorporate, or how it could be improved.

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 Lesson
Multimedia Information
6 and Media

What’s In

Photo by Alex Holyoake on Unsplash

In the previous lessons, we learned a lot about text media, visual media, audio media,
motion media, and interactive media.
In this lesson, we will learn the different forms of multimedia that are made possible
with the combination of 2 or more media that are mentioned in the first paragraph.

What I Need to Know

Before smartphones became essential in our generation, people used cellular phones
that can only send texts or do voice calls, no cameras, no video and no picture. Today, we can
do video call with audio and chat at the same time (at the same person) using an app in our
phone.
This is the age where most people are heavily relying on multimedia to communicate,
transact and express their thoughts and passion.

Did you know? Multimedia may be a Static Media or an Active Media. Let us explore
more about these media by reading the whole content of this lesson.

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 What’s New

Activity 6.0: Wonder at This

You are going to build a robot, which of the features below you would like to include to
your robot and why? You may choose many features as you please.

☐ Talk ☐ Hear ☐ Record ☐ Show images

☐ Can be controlled ☐ Play videos ☐ Fly ☐ Teleport
☐ Long distance communication ☐ Superspeed ☐ Transform

Wonder at this: As you read the text above:

1. Why would you like your robot to be designed that way?
2. What could be the most important features a robot can have?
3. Would you consider a good robot should have a combination of:
• the power of our smartphones
• and human designed machines for transportation?

Multimedia is form with the combination of any of these content forms: Text, Audio,
Still Images, Animation, Video Footage, and Interactive Media.

Activity 6.1: Multimedia Devices

Below are modern multimedia devices, identify which individual content forms are
available to each device and put a check (✔) on the box provided (✔).
Task 6.1 Individual Content Forms

Image by OpenClipart- Image by Mabel Amber, Image by William Image by Free-

Vectors from Pixabay still incognito... from Iven from Pixabay Photos from
Pixabay Pixabay
iPod Digital Camera Smartphone Smart Watch

(Example)
Text
Audio ✔
Still Images
Animation
Video
Footage
Interactivity ✔
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 Multimedia started to stablish its description during 1990s where computers and
internet are starting to emerge. The two types of multimedia: Static media and Active media.

Static Media ― also known as linear Dynamic Media ― also known as non-linear
media, refers to contents that lacks media, refers to contents that provides interactivity
interactivity. Common examples with its users. Websites can be a static media or
are books and newspapers, these dynamic media but most known websites today
multimedia may have texts and such as Facebook and Youtube are good examples
pictures but the readers are unable to of dynamic media because these websites provide
control its contents or no observable the users to contribute to the site’s contents through
timely updates or changes. posting, comments, uploading pictures and videos,
which leads to dynamic contents to the media.

Activity 6.2: Type of Multimedia

Task 1.2: Determine the type of each media examples in the boxes below, write static
for Static Media or dynamic for Dynamic Media and provide an explanation of your choice in
the relative box.
Task 6.2 Determine Me
Media/Device Type Explanation
Example: Example:

dynamic Arcade games allow players to

control the outcome of the media
through the role they are playing.
There is an interaction between the
machine and the players.

Arcade Game Machine

Photo by Tree Andree on Unsplash

Magazine
Photo by True Agency on Unsplash

Comic Book
Photo by Miika Laaksonen on
Unsplash

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Lazada
Screenshot from Lazada mobile app

Virtual Reality Glasses

Photo by Hammer & Tusk on
Unsplash

Billboard
Photo by Muhamad Syazwan
Jonizar on Unsplash

Electronic Presentation
Photo by Teemu Paananen on
Unsplash

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 What’s More

Multimedia can also be observed in the form of live or recorded presentations, games
and simulations.
Advertisements, education, entertainment, business and science take advantage to
multimedia to aid their objectives and goals.

Multimedia Usage and Applications

1. Creative Industries –
Most creative industries
nowadays use multimedia
to reach broader audience.
Using the creativity,
skills and talents of
individuals to create
different contents such as
fine arts, entertainment,
commercials, journalism
and software services.
Photo by Darren Chan on Unsplash

2. Education – Different institutions

use multimedia projects to help
students and faculty members learn
faster and cater their current learning
preferences. Multimedia offers an
alternative or ubiquitous means of
acquiring knowledge through various
mediums and platform. Students may
use internet from their smartphones for
research or watch video tutorials from
Youtube from their laptop. Institutions
can also take advantage of computer
simulation technologies using virtual
reality or augmented reality. The
image in the right is a student pilot
learning how to fly a commercial
airplane through computer simulation.
Photo by Jervis Dreamond Leonardo

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 3. Journalism – Stories and
research for journalist can now
be accessed in an instant with
cellular signals and internet
connection. Journalism’s mode
of content delivery started
with newspapers, radio, and
television. Today, we can
access these contents in
different platforms like laptop
and smartphones. Journalists
can also have podcasts, live
feeds from social networking Photo by Austin Distel on Unsplash
sites, online radio and subscription feeds. Sharing news contents is now easier through
web applications like Facebook and Twitter. Journalism can now reach broader audience
in an instant and the readers/viewers can also instantaneously give feedbacks to the
content that can also be heard by other people. This generation allows everyone to
deliver news that was once only limited to journalists by profession.

4. Science – The fields of Engineering,

Mathematics, Science, and Medicine
have been using multimedia for
the past few years to improve their
research and productivity. Engineers
use computer software to simulate
trainings and designs. Mathematical
and scientific research used multimedia
for modeling, faster processing of data
and communications. Medicine have
been using modern technology to train
Photo by Science in HD on Unsplash
students and doctors like virtual surgery,
simulate human anatomy with different
conditions of injuries and diseases.

Activity 6.3: Enumeration

Enumerate different multimedia devices or applications that each individual on the list
below that they can use to aid there tasks.

Task 6.3 Enumeration

Individual 2 multimedia devices or applications
(Example) Engineer 3D Modeling software Smartphone
Student
Scientist
Video Blogger
Digital Artist
Writer

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 What I Have Learned

Multimedia Principle
Multimedia can be recorded, played, displayed and interacted. This is all possible
because of the presence of multiple forms of media such as texts, audio, images, motion
pictures and interactivity. Most of the multimedia devices are now electronic.
The availability of internet allows multimedia to be essential to everyone’s lives for
communications, research and entertainment.
Multimedia may be a Static Media or an Active Media where static media lacks
interactivity and dynamic media provides interaction with the user. Multimedia’s impact can be
observed almost everywhere, in creative industries, education, journalism, science and more.

What I Can Do

Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning states that “people learn more
deeply from words and pictures than from words alone”. The craft of using multimedia for
better communication and learning relies on how the human mind works: [1] the auditory and
visual channels processing of information, [2] each channel has a limited capacity, [3] learning
is an active process of filtering, selecting, organizing, and integrating information based upon
prior knowledge.

Search for multimedia principle and report your findings to your teacher.

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Summary
1. Texts are written words, printed or on-screen format, a powerful tool for communication
and keeping information.
Type of fonts: Serif, Sans-serif, script, decorative
2. Text Design Principles and Elements: Emphasis, Appropriateness, Space, Alignment,
and Consistency.
3. Visual Media are images or frames of images that we can construct and reconstruct
to give different meaning to it.
Types of Visual Information: Facial Expression, Body Language, Color, Environment,
and Symbols.
4. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Design Element: Space, Lines, Size, Pattern, Texture, and Colors.
Design Principles: Focal Point, Contrast, Balance, Rhythm, Perspective, and Unity.
5. Infographics are graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge
intended to present information quickly and clearly.
6. Audio is a sound within the range of human hearing.
Forms of Audio: Radio Broadcast, Sound Recording, Sound Clips/Effects, and Music
Audio Storage: Tape, CD, USB Drive, Memory Card, and Computer Hard Drive.
Common Audio Extensions (Formats): .MP3, .M4A, .WAV, and .WMA.
7. Audio Design Principles and Elements
Design Elemet: Dialogue, Waterfall, Sound Effects, Music, and Silence.
Design Principles: Mixing, Pace, Transitions, and Stereo Imaging.
8. Motion Picture is a series of images projected on screen in rapid succession. The
slight change of positions and movements of each image makes an illusion of motion.
Types of Motion Picture:Traditional Animation, Computer Animation, Stop Motion
Animation, Film, and Combination of Visual Effects.
9. Cinematic Techniques
Camera Shots: Extreme Long Shot, Long Shot, Full Shot, Mid-shot, Close-up, and
Extreme Close-up.
Camera Angles: Bird’s Eye Angle, High Angle, Eye-level Angle, Low Angle, and Dutch
Angle.
10. How to Evaluate a Video: Timeliness (when?), Reliability (how?), Authority (who?),
and Purpose (why? what?).
11. Script, also known as screenplay, is the text that describes the action, scenes, camera
instructions and words to be spoken by the actors.
12. Story Board describes what happens in your video by making thumbnail of images.
13. Interactive Media allows users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and video.
Different Platforms of Interactive Media: Mobile Apps, 3DTV, Video Games, Role-Playing
Games, Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game, Interactive Websites, Virtual
Reality and Immersive Environments, Powerpoint Presentations, Interactive Smart
Boards, and Computer Software.
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14. Educational Games are games that are designed to help people to learn about certain
subjects, expand concepts, reinforce development, understand historical events or
culture, or assist them in learning a skill as they play.
15. Multimedia is form with the combination of any of these content forms: Text, Audio, Still
Images, Animation, Video Footage, and Interactive Media.
Types of Multimedia:
Static Media ― also known as linear media, refers to contents that lacks interactivity.
Dynamic Media ― also known as non-linear media, refers to contents that provides
interactivity with its users.
16. Multimedia Usage and Applications: Creative Industries, Education, Journalism, and
Science.

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 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice: Select the letter of your best answer.

1. A Visual Design Principles and Elements that suggest to always distribute the visual
weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.
A. Size B. Focal Point
C. Rhythm D. Balance

2. A type of media that allows a user to connect with other devices through the internet.
A. Websites B. Media Player
C. Motion Media D. Multimedia Presentation

3. Which of the following is an example of a social media?

A. Facebook B. Twitter
C. Instagram D. All of the choices

4. It is the type of font that looks like handwriting.

A. Serif font B. Sans Serif font
C. Script font D. Times New Roman font

5. It is a design principle of text that suggest of using contrasting size and colors to present
different value of information.
A. Alignment B. Emphasis
C. Appropriateness D. Consistency

6. Your friends asked you to make a poster about peace, what background color is best
suited for this theme?
A. Black B. Yellow
C. Blue D. Green

7. Which file externsion is an example of an audio file?

A. .mp3 B. .mp4
C. .wmv D. .flv

8. What font is best suited for the contents of a printed book?

A. Serif font B. Sans Serif font
C. Decorative font D. All of the choices

9. It is the process of making a visual sketch for the possible scenes of a film or video.
A. Scripting B. Storyboarding
C. Cinematic Techniques D. Visual Effects

10. Producing a motion picture through manually drawing each frame by hand is called
A. Stop Motion Animation B. Computer Generated Image
C. Hand-drawn Animation D. Virtual Reality

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11. What camera angle is best suited to introduce a powerful politician for your film?
A. High Angle Shot B. Long Angle Shot
C. Establishing Shot D. Dutch Angle Shot

12. What camera angle is used to disorient the audience through tilting the camera to
emphasize confusion or tension of the scene.
A. Low Angle Shot B. Long Angle Shot
C. Establishing Shot D. Dutch Angle Shot

13. Which is NOT a strong basis to evaluate a video as academic source for your research?
A. Good Visual Effects B. Timeliness
C. Authority D. Reliability

14. A type of multimedia that allows users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and video.
A. Manipulative Applications B. Text Media
C. Motion Capture D. None of the choices

15. Observe the image below and find the possible violation of the design principles and
elements of texts.
A. The colors are not emphasized to match the theme.
B. The fonts used are not appropriate for the theme.
C. The alignment is inconsistent.
D. The spacing is too close.

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