12

Media and Information Literacy

Quarter 1 - week 7 & 9:
Multimedia Information
 What I Know

Multiple Choice: Select the letter of your best answer.

1. What font is best suited for the contents of a printed book?

A. Serif font B. Sans Serif font
C. Decorative font D. All of the choices

2. It is the type of font that looks like handwriting.

A. Serif font B. Sans Serif font
C. Script font D. Times New Roman font

3. It is a design principle of text that suggest of using contrasting size and colors to present
different value of information.
A. Alignment B. Emphasis
C. Appropriateness D. Consistency

4. Observe the image below and find the possible violation of the design principles and
elements of texts.
A. The colors are not emphasized to match the theme.
B. The fonts used are not appropriate for the theme.
C. The alignment is inconsistent.
D. The spacing is too close.

5. Your friends asked you to make a poster about peace, what background color is best
suited for this theme?
A. Black B. Yellow
C. Blue D. Green

6. A Visual Design Principles and Elements that suggest to always distribute the visual
weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.
A. Size B. Focal Point
C. Rhythm D. Balance

7. Which file externsion is an example of an audio file?

A. .mp3 B. .mp4
C. .wmv D. .flv

8. It is the process of making a visual sketch for the possible scenes of a film or video.
A. Scripting B. Storyboarding
C. Cinematic Techniques D. Visual Effects

9. Which is NOT a strong basis to evaluate a video as academic source for your research?
A. Good Visual Effects B. Timeliness
C. Authority D. Reliability

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 10. Producing a motion picture through manually drawing each frame by hand is called
A. Stop Motion Animation B. Computer Generated Image
C. Traditional Animation D. Virtual Reality

11. What camera angle is best suited to introduce a powerful politician for your film?
A. Low Angle Shot B. Long Angle Shot
C. Establishing Shot D. Dutch Angle Shot

12. What camera angle is used to disorient the audience through tilting the camera to
emphasize confusion or tension of the scene.
A. High Angle Shot B. Long Angle Shot
C. Establishing Shot D. Dutch Angle Shot

13. Which of the following is an example of social media?

A. Facebook B. Twitter
C. Instagram D. All of the choices

14. A type of multimedia that allows users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and video.
A. Interactive Applications B. Text Media
C. Motion Capture D. None of the choices

15. A type of media that is connected to the internet and maintains one or more pages on
the World Wide Web.
A. Website B. Media Player
C. Motion Media D. Multimedia Presentation

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 Lesson

1 Text Information and Media

What’s In

Photo by Marten Bjork on Unsplash

People Media utilizes texts most of the time to deliver their messages, this is no
surprise since we can find texts anywhere, from books, television shows, websites, billboards,
newspapers, t-shirts or even in the sand if someone decides to write something on the beach.
This lesson will discuss what is text and how this media can be used effectively to
present our ideas and express what we feel. The topics include different font types, and
design principles and elements of text.

What I Need to Know

The great 1st century Roman orator, Quintilian, once wrote that
“After you have chosen your words, they must be
weaved together into a fine and delicate fabric”.
Quintilian’s metaphor can now the observed everywhere as we write and record our
words through texts in different platforms.
Texts are words in written, printed or on-screen format. It is a very powerful tool for
communication and information.

Did you know? The Latin for fabric is textum.

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 What’s New

Activity 1.0: Imagine This

You receive a text from an unknown number:

This is your mother, I lost my phone and I need to call you. Please load this
number for at least 200.00. I don’t have much time. This is an emergency!

Wonder at this: As you read the text above:

1. How do you feel about the message?
Describe what you feel about the text message like alarmed, disturbed, encouraged, its
formality, or how genuine the message is.
2. What could be the reason that others might believe this message and follow what the
message instructed them to do?

Acitivity 1.1: Mapping

Roam around your house and look for the things in the list below. Check (✔) the box
(☐) in the right if you think the object can be used to write, print or display texts. You may add
your own list.

Task 1.1 Checklist

✔ (Example )Television Notebook Poster
Radio Paper Smartphone
Book Magazine Tarpaulin
Newspaper Journal Computer
Wall Pen Wood

Texts are the words in written or printed format. Today, it can also be found on screens
like TV and smartphones.

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 What Is It

Activity 1.2: Find a Match

Find any printouts (like magazines and newspapers) that will match each type of font
and stick a sample in the space provided in the right. Please describe your example of how it
was used.

Task 1.2 Find a Match

Typeface Sample

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serif#/media/File:Times_New_Roman_
sample.svg
SERIF fonts have each character with small extra strokes
at the end of the vertical and horizontal stroke.
Use: for formality and its readability in any texts that printed
in small sizes like books and letters.
Examples: Times New Roman, Georgia, Rockwell
How your sample Serif font was used?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sans-serif#/media/File:Helvetica.svg
SANS SERIF fonts do not have serifs. Unlike the classical
serif fonts, sans serifs are new or modern.
Use: for elegance and its readability in any on-screen
display like monitors and portable computers.
Examples: Arial, Impact, Calibri
How your sample Sans Serif font was used?

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Script_typeface#/media/File:Cursive.svg
SCRIPT fonts are styles that mimics handwriting.
Use: for stylistic presentation of texts like weddings and
memories.
Examples: Brush Script, Lucida Handwriting, Comic Sans

How your sample Script font was used?

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Jim_Crow_
sample.png
DECORATIVE fonts have extreme features or exaggerated
serifs designed to fit into a theme or emotion.
Use: Titles, headlines
Examples: Chiller, Curlz MT, Jokerman

How your sample Script font was used?

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 Below are the Design Principles and Elements of Text. Let us understand each.

1. Emphasis – Use different size, weight, color, contrast and orientation to present texts
with greater value.

Image: “Yay! Party!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

2. Appropriateness – Using the right font, content and tone of presentation based on the
target audience or event.

Image: “Congrats!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

3. Space – Use space to create focus and strategically make other texts stand-out.

Image: “Largest!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

4. Alignment –Use text alignment to set symmetry, formality or free style.

Image: “Felipenas!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

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 5. Consistency –Use at least 2 or 3 colors, font styles and design styles for the whole
composition or content.

Image: “Free hugs!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

What’s More

Texts in digital format have different designs called Typeface, often called as fonts. It
consists of alphabets, numbers and special characters set.

Activity 1.3: Guess the Text

Explain each image if did or did not follow the design principles and elements of texts.
Task 1.3 Explanation

1. (Explain here)

2. (Explain here)

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 3. (Explain here)

What I Have Learned

Text, when used properly, is a powerful tool for communicating information, persuasion
and suggestion. Texts can be observed in formal platforms like newspapers, books, magazines,
advertisements and anything printed or informal platforms like online blogs, e-mails, text
messages, social media and anything on-screen.
Presenting information through fonts also require understanding of the different types
of fonts and design principles and elements of text.

What I Can Do

There are many type of file formats of fonts we can install in our computer. Search the
difference of True Type Font (.ttf), Open Type Font (.otf), Web Open Font Format (.webm), and
Scalable Vector Graphics (.svg).

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 Lesson

2 Visual Information and Media

What’s In

Photo by Marten Bjork on Unsplash

Psychologist Richard Gregory proposed that how we see things involves a lot of
hypothesis testing to make sense of it. We based our perceptions on past experiences and
stock knowledge.
In the previous lesson, we learned about Texts Information Media, in this lesson, we
will learn Visual Information and take advantage to its potential for relaying or understanding
messages by identifying the types of visual information and observe the design elements and
principles.

What I Need to Know

Looking at the image at the right, even though we

can only see some blobs, our brain is hardwired to give
meaning to the image, like a woman’s face. If you also
look closely, we can observe a saxophone player, telling
you this will alert your brain to look for any resemblance
of that pattern.
Gregory believes that our brains perceive things
by adding meaning based on what it expects and past
experiences.
Image Source: http://openpsyc.blogspot.com/2014/06/bottom-up-
vs-top-down-processing.html

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 What’s New

Activity 2.0: Imagine this

You see two advertisement posters with the same content, you try to decide which
poster is more convincing.

Image: “Star!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Wonder at this: As you try to decide, ask yourself this:

1. Which poster is appearing as intended? The message must reflect with the visuals of
the poster.
2. Which poster color harmonious? When composing visuals, colors must be used
accordingly, it must match with the theme and at reflects reality or what you expect.

What Is It

Visual media are images or frames of images that we can construct and reconstruct to
give different meaning to it. We can observe it with photographs, videos, infographics comics,
memes and other objects that projects an image.

Activity 2.1: Interpretation

Describe the image below and give your interpretations of the image.

Photo by Alec Favale on Unsplash

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 We create meaning of what we see by using different types of visual information. Let
us discover these types.

Activity 2.2: Types of Visual Information

Interpret the image from the left using the space provided in the right.
Task 2.2 Types of Visual Information
Type and image sample Interpretation
Facial Expression: We tend to analyze emotions and
actions of people by reading facial and eye expressions.

Photo by rawpixel on Unsplash

Body Language: Postures and gestures can mean more
than words. We predict people’s motives and emotions by
reading body language.

Photo by rawpixel on Unsplash

Color: Most of us give meaning to colors based on
preferences, culture, experiences and human psychology.
We might think that color blue is a masculine color and
symbol of peace. Most companies prefer blue because it
represents trust but it also means loneliness and mourning
for other cultures. (Read more about Color Psychology)

Photo by MI PHAM on Unsplash

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Environment: We observe the environment we see and
give interpretations of the situation of the people in the
environment.

Photo by eddie howell on Unsplash

Symbols: Hand gestures, icon, brand logos, landmarks,
emoji are some of the symbols that we interpret every day.

Photo by Tyler Quiring on Unsplash

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 We can produce good visual media by understanding the different Visual Design
Principles and Elements.
Design Elements is the use of colors, space, texture, and other components in an
artistic representation.
Sample Image Element
Space. Using the canvas, you can use some
spaces to creatively produce stunning and
clever designs. Use spaces to make a direct
message since it creates focus to other
elements making it stand out.

Lines. Use lines to guide the viewer’s focal

point and separate objects in your design.
Use straight lines for order and neatness,
wavy lines for more movement, and zig-
zagged lines for tension or excitement.

Size. Use different sizes of your objects in

your design to show the relative importance
of objects and information.

Pattern. Designs with repeating objects

like lines and shapes forming patterns can
be aesthetically appealing giving a sense
of order to a design. Repetition is a crucial
element in branding design for consistency.

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 Texture. Textures give designs a sense of
realistic effects. It can add tactility and depth.
However, use this technique in moderation
as it may overwhelm your design.

Colors. Different color sets the mood and tone

of your designs. Color have psychological
impact to us. It is very important to understand
the different meanings of each common
colors according to human perception.

All images from this table were drawn by Jay Michael A. Calipusan.

Activity 2.3: Interpret the Ads

Explain each image if did or did not execute the visual design elements properly.
Task 2.3 Design Elements
Image Explanation
1.

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 2.

3.

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 3.

All images from this table were drawn by Jay Michael A. Calipusan adapted from different ads to fit this activity.

What’s More

Design Principles describe the ways that artists use of elements of art in a work of art.

Sample Image Principle

Focal Point. Make sure to make the important
objects of your design be noticeable first by the
viewer.

Contrast can make your design more visually

appealing by making other objects pop-out
from other objects of your design. Contrast
maybe the difference of two elements of your
design like black and white or thin and thick.

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 Balance. Always distribute the visual weight of
objects, colors, texture, and space.

Rhythm. Using lines, you can direct the

viewers in your design. This includes vertical,
horizontal, and diagonal lines. Use this
technique to convey different motions and
emotions.

Perspective. Use this principle to provide

depth in your designs. This will give a better
view and allows the viewers to have empathy
to your message or subjects in the image.

Unity. Using all the objects consistently or

cohesively in your design that it allows the
viewers to understand the message or story of
your image.

All images from this table were drawn by Jay Michael A. Calipusan.

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Activity 2.4: Interpret the Scene
Explain each image if did or did not execute the visual design principles properly.

Task 2.4 Design Principles

Image Explanation
1.

2.

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 3.

4.

All images from this table were drawn by Jay Michael A. Calipusan adapted from different image scenes to fit for
this activity.

What I Have Learned

Your knowledge of visual information and media is very crucial in the current society.
Most people are visually entertained and visually learning due to easier access of visual media.
Learning how to spot the hints and meanings of different visual designs can help you keep up
with this growing visually oriented society.
Eventually, you will have to create your own visual design, you must use elements and
objects to match with the correct design principles in order to engage your target audience.
You can communicate correctly if you apply these principles.

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 What I Can Do

Infographics are graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge

intended to present information quickly and clearly. Search and read online about The Ultimate
Infographic Design Guide: 13 Tricks for Better Designs.
Study the color guide below to help you create a meaningful infographic.

The Psychology and Meaning of Colors

from colorpsychology.org
Red: Associated with passion, love and Pink: Associated with gentle love,
desire. Increases respiration rate, raises tenderness, vulnerability and youth. Known
blood pressure and enhances metabolism. as the color for women.
Atrracts attention and signifies danger.
Green: Associated with growth, harmony,
Brown: Associated with reliability and freshness, and fertility. Known as the color
dependability, people who are reserved and of money, good health, calmness, and slows
not looking to attract attention from others. human metabolism.
Represents maturity, predictability and
dullness. Purple: Associated with royalty, power,
nobility, luxury, ambition, wealth, wisdom,
Orange: Associated with happiness, dignity, creativity and magic.
enthusiasm, creativity, determination, and
stimulation. White: Associated with purity, viginity, light,
goddes, perfection, safety, cleanliness, and
Yellow: Associated with energy, intellect, faith.
cheerfulness and stimulates mental activity.
Indicates honor, loyalty, and connected with Black: Associated with power, elegance,
cowardice. formality, death, evil, and mystery. The
symbol of grief.
Blue: Associated with uniqueness,
authenticity, sympathetic, compassionate, Gray: Neutrality, wisdom, intelligence,
idealistic, spiritual and sincere. Known as futuristic, stable, dignity and maturity. Lack
the color of peace, men and sadness. of confidence and energy, depression, and
boredom. Increases sence of sophictication
and calmness.

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 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice: Select the letter of your best answer.

1. A Visual Design Principles and Elements that suggest to always distribute the visual
weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.
A. Size B. Focal Point
C. Rhythm D. Balance

2. A type of media that allows a user to connect with other devices through the internet.
A. Websites B. Media Player
C. Motion Media D. Multimedia Presentation

3. Which of the following is an example of a social media?

A. Facebook B. Twitter
C. Instagram D. All of the choices

4. It is the type of font that looks like handwriting.

A. Serif font B. Sans Serif font
C. Script font D. Times New Roman font

5. It is a design principle of text that suggest of using contrasting size and colors to present
different value of information.
A. Alignment B. Emphasis
C. Appropriateness D. Consistency

6. Your friends asked you to make a poster about peace, what background color is best
suited for this theme?
A. Black B. Yellow
C. Blue D. Green

7. Which file externsion is an example of an audio file?

A. .mp3 B. .mp4
C. .wmv D. .flv

8. What font is best suited for the contents of a printed book?

A. Serif font B. Sans Serif font
C. Decorative font D. All of the choices

9. It is the process of making a visual sketch for the possible scenes of a film or video.
A. Scripting B. Storyboarding
C. Cinematic Techniques D. Visual Effects

10. Producing a motion picture through manually drawing each frame by hand is called
A. Stop Motion Animation B. Computer Generated Image
C. Hand-drawn Animation D. Virtual Reality

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11. What camera angle is best suited to introduce a powerful politician for your film?
A. High Angle Shot B. Long Angle Shot
C. Establishing Shot D. Dutch Angle Shot

12. What camera angle is used to disorient the audience through tilting the camera to
emphasize confusion or tension of the scene.
A. Low Angle Shot B. Long Angle Shot
C. Establishing Shot D. Dutch Angle Shot

13. Which is NOT a strong basis to evaluate a video as academic source for your research?
A. Good Visual Effects B. Timeliness
C. Authority D. Reliability

14. A type of multimedia that allows users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and video.
A. Manipulative Applications B. Text Media
C. Motion Capture D. None of the choices

15. Observe the image below and find the possible violation of the design principles and
elements of texts.
A. The colors are not emphasized to match the theme.
B. The fonts used are not appropriate for the theme.
C. The alignment is inconsistent.
D. The spacing is too close.

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Lesson 1 Pre-test
Activity 1.0: Imagine This Multiple Choice
What’s New What I Know
1. A
Possible answers: 2. C
1. They use mobile phones, tablets and laptops to 3. B
communicate with their friends and loveds ones 4. B
through facebook, skype, etc. 5. C
2. The government help Senior Citizens become 6. D
media and information literate through programs 7. A
and projects that teach them how to manipulate
8. B
computer devices just like the DOST’s program
on Inclusive ICT for Senior Citizen. 9. A
10. C
3. They become media and information literate
through attending to programs created by the 11. A
government and through adapting the changes 12. D
of the community with the help of their childrena 13. D
and grandchildren. 14. A
15. A

Lesson 1
Activity 1.1: Mapping
What’s New

Task 1.1 Checklist

✔ (Example )Television ✔ Notebook ✔ Poster
Radio ✔ Paper ✔ Smartphone
✔ Book ✔ Magazine ✔ Tarpaulin
✔ Newspaper ✔ Journal ✔ Computer
✔ Wall ✔ Pen ✔ Wood
Lesson 1
Activity 1.2: Find a Match
What is It
Possible answers:

Serif Sans-Serif

Image: http://www.fontex.org/sans-serif-
fonts.html
Image: https://www.indesignskills
.com/tutorials/best-magaz ine-fonts/ It was used as the font for the title.
The serif font was used for the title Its simple, elegant and readable.
text for the Time magazine. It gives
the title character and class

Script Decorative

Image: https://bethsherrard.wordpress.
com/2011/11/04/typography/
The Casper font deliberately
designed to be squiggly to
represent ghosts or supernatunal
and the scary yet playful nature of
Image: https://www.indesignskills the show.
.com/tutorials/best-magaz ine-fonts/
The handwriting font style
represents art and style that may
compose of freedom of expression,
uniqueness, and creativity.
Lesson 1
Activity 1.3: Guess the Text
What’s More
Possible answers:
1. The sample above did not follow the design principles and elements of text. First, the
text used was not appropriate for the event. Second, everything was emphasized.
There is also no consistency. Its like a mash up of all the decorative texts.
2. The sample above emphasized the most important texts through the use of size
and color contrast. The “what you can do” was intentionally sized bigger than the
rest and the “interfere” was wrapped with black background to emphasize the
impact of the word. It followed the design and principles of texts.
3. This is a playful expression of music, this style represents the complexity of music
and the word “music” was sized and colored differently in contrast to other texts.
This should gain the attention of potential readers specially music lovers, and
upon further inspection with their attention caught, the “free concert” will be seen
alongside the “music” word.

Lesson 2
Activity 2.0: Imagine This
What’s New
Possible answers:
1. Poster number 2. This poster gives the star icon some space to be noticed with the
shining rays as the complimenting background while poster 2 shows a snowflake
as the background image that distracts the main elements of the poster. Poster 2’s
snowflake background does not fit with the “be a star” texts.
2. Both poster uses the right color values to make the main elements readable and
noticeable, but poster 2 delivers the balance of contrast to properly separate the
foreground and background.

Lesson 2
Activity 2.1: Interpretation
What’s is It
Possible answer:
A man playing music as his passion somewhere in a remote place away from his
usual place. The weather is cold and the entirety of the picture gives me the feeling
of solidarity, peace, and loneliness.
Lesson 2
Activity 2.2: Types of Visual Information
What’s is It
Possible answers:
1. Facial Expression: From the look of their faces, the two person must be very tired.
The female must be very exaspirated with the male’s ideas and opinion. She is
trying so hard to not show her disagreement.
2. Body Language: He must be meeting up with someone but that person is late
based on the phone on his hand and the wrist watch he is looking. It could also
mean that he is the time keeper for the event.
3. Color: The lighter color theme of the image and with the aid of the child enjoying
the water sprinkle shows that the sence is cheerful and empathize happiness.
4. Environment: Based on old beliefs, a black cat in a gloomy or creepy environment
like a cemetary usually means death, bad luck or a demon pretending to be a cat.
This is a bad warning for the people that saw it.
5. Symbols: Black birds are symbol of mystic and death, that is what most people say
especially the old ones. But for me, it shows loneliness and emptiness. That in the
vastness of the surrounding, the bird stood alone and solitary.

Lesson 2
Activity 2.3: Interpret the Ads
What’s is It
Possible answers:
1. Texts sizes and colors are not used strategically. Some texts can not be read and
the 50% OFF should be the biggest text in size in the poster because that is the
most important piece of information of the poster. The image did not execute the
visual design elements properly.
2. The image is pleasing to the eyes, the burger is properly highlighted and the
important texts “100% beef” are given the correct size to gain the attention of the
readers. The colors also makes me hungry. The image executed the visual design
elements properly.
3. The image maybe trying to tell the potential buyers that their car is good for
camouflage because it blends right through the background and it is clever. But it
is very risky because not all buyers will decode the clever way of delivering their
adverstisement about the Jaguar Trex2000. There must be a better justification of
the texts to help the readers understand the concept of the car. The image did not
execute the visual design elements properly.
4. Another clever adverstisement where the alarm clock looks like a coffee mug with
coffee and cream. This means that this coffee is good routine for a morning drink.
The background also shows coffee seeds that creates an illusion of the fresh coffee
smell. The image executed the visual design elements properly.
Lesson 2
Activity 2.4: Interpret the Scene
What’s More
Possible answers:
1. Depending where this image is meant to be displayed, the image could be great
in places where people can think or have conversations because the image takes
time to understand that it has 2 glasses of wine. The image executed the visual
design principles properly.
2. A clever message about customization of products, the image shows a pair of
shoes with different colors and some kind of bottle pouring out liquid. This means
that the MansTM brand offers great freedom to customized their products that the
customer demands. The image executed the visual design principles properly.
3. This image is romantic and dramatic, the mood fits what is happening in the scene
but the title is “My Forest Romance” and the environment set is near the sea with no
trees to be found. The image did not execute the visual design principles properly.
4. The image shows a man waiting for someone and hiding an object that I can
assume to be flowers. There is a silhouette shaped of a woman walking to the
man. The setting is in the forest. All of these fit the title “My Forest Romance” giving
a small hint of the story plot about two lovers secretly meeting in the forest. The
image executed the visual design principles properly.