Metode de Integrare. Integrarea Functiilor Rationale: 1 2 P p+1 N 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 M 2 M M m+1 2 m+1 m+1 K

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 4

4. METODE DE INTEGRARE.

INTEGRAREA FUNCTIILOR RATIONALE

P( x)
Forma integralei: ∫ Q( x) dx unde x  I  R - {xQ(x)=0}
P(x) şi Q(x) sunt polinoame cu coeficienţi reali
P( x )
I. Dacă grad PgradQ atunci raportul se transformă conform teoremei impărţirii cu rest
Q(x)
P( x ) R( x )
P(x) = Q(x)C(x) + R(x) unde gradR(x)<gradQ(x) în =C ( x ) + iar integrala devine:
Q(x) Q (x)
P( x) R ( x)
∫ Q( x) dx=¿ ∫ C ( x ) dx+∫ Q( x) dx ¿
Dacă Q(x) admite o descompunere în factori de forma:
Q(x) = (x-x1) (x-x2) … (x-xp)(x-xp+1)n(a1x2+b1x+c1)(a1x2+b1x +c1) … (amx2 + bmx +cm)
P( x )
(am+1x2 + bm+1x +cm+1)k atunci raportul devine:
Q(x)
P(x) R(x)
=C ( x ) +
Q( x) n 2 2 2 2
( x −x1 ) ( x−x 2 ) … ( x−x p ) ( x−x p+1 ) ( a 1 x + b1 x + c1 )( a2 x +b2 x+ c 2) …(a¿¿ m x +b m x+ cm ) ( a m+1 x +b m+1 x+ c m
=
A1 A1 Ap A p +1 A p +2 A p +n B 1 x +C1 B 2 x +C 2 B m x +C m
C ( x )+ + + …+ + + 2
+…+ n
+ 2
+ 2
+ …+
x −x1 x−x 2
⏟ x−x p x−x p+1 ( x−x p +1 ) ( x−x p +n ) a 1 x + b1 x +c 1 a 2 x + b2 x + c2 am x 2+ bm x+ c

II. FORME PARTICULARE


'
1 1 a 1 ( ax+b) 1
1. ∫ dx= ∫ dx=¿ ∫ dx = ln |ax +b|+C ¿
ax +b a ax +b a ax+ b a
Exerciţii
Nr Integral Nr. Integral Nr. Integrala
. a a
1 1 1 1
∫ x+ 1 dx 5 ∫ x+ 2 dx 9 ∫ x+ 10 dx
2 1 1 1
∫ x−1 dx 6 ∫ x−3 dx 10 ∫ x−5 dx
3 1 1 1
∫ 2 x+1 dx 7 ∫ 5 x+7 dx 11 ∫ 3 x+ 2 dx
4 1 1 1
∫ 3 x−1 dx 8 ∫ 7 x−5 dx12 ∫ 9 x−18 dx
2.
d da da
x+ ax + ax+b + −b
cx +d c c c c c c da c 1 c c da
∫ ax +b dx=c ∫ ax+b dx= a ∫ ax +b dx= a ∫ ax+ b dx=¿ a ∫ 1 dx+ c −b a ∫ ax +b dx= a x + a2 c − ( ) (
Exerciţii
Nr Integral Nr Integral Nr Integrala
. a . a .
1 x−3 x+ 7 x−10
∫ x +1 dx 5 ∫ x +2 dx 9 ∫ x +10 dx
2 2 x−5 5x+4 3 x +6
∫ 2 x−1 dx 6 ∫ 3 x−3 dx 10 ∫ 4 x−5 dx
3 5 x+1 2 x−9 2 x+3
∫ 2 x+1 dx 7 ∫ 5 x+ 7 dx 11 ∫ 3 x+ 2 dx
4 x+ 5 x−3 x−2
∫ 3 x−1 dx 8 ∫ 7 x−5 dx 12 ∫ 6 x−1 dx
−n+1
1 (x−a)
3. ∫ n
dx=∫ ( x−a)−n dx= +C
( x −a) −n+1
Exerciţii
Nr Integrala Nr Integrala Nr. Integrala
. .
1 1 1 1
∫ ( x +1)2 dx 3 ∫ ( x +2)3 dx 5 ∫ ( x +10)5 dx
2 1 1 1
∫ ( x −1)2012 dx 4 ∫ ( x −3)100 dx 6 ∫ ( x −5)7 dx

−n+1
1 1 −n 1 ' −n 1 (ax+ b)
4. ∫ dx= ∫ a(ax +b) dx= ∫ (ax +b) (ax +b) dx= +C
( ax+ b)n a a a −n+1
Exerciţii
Nr Integrala Nr. Integrala Nr Integrala
. .
1 1 1 1
∫ (3 x +1)2 dx 4 ∫ (5 x +2)3 dx 7 ∫ (7 x +10)5 dx
2 1 1 1
∫ (3 x−1)20 dx 5 ∫ (2 x−3)10 dx8 ∫ ( 6 x −5)7 dx
3 1 1 1
∫ (2 x−3)2012 dx 6 ∫ (3 x +5)n dx 9 ∫ ( 8 x +7)100 dx
x x−a+ a −n +1 −n (x−a)−n+2 ( x−a)−n +1
5. ∫ dx= ∫ (x−a)n dx=¿ ∫ ( x−a ) dx +a ∫ ( x−a) dx= + +C ¿
( x −a)n −n+2 −n+ 1
Exerciţii
Nr Integrala Nr Integrala Nr. Integrala
. .
1 x x x
∫ ( x +1)2 dx 3 ∫ ( x +2)3 dx 5 ∫ ( x +10)5 dx
2 x x x
∫ ( x −1)2012 dx 4 ∫ ( x −3)100 dx 6 ∫ ( x −5)7 dx
6.
1 1 1 2a 1 x +a+ x−a 1 1 1 1 1
∫ x 2−a 2 ∫
= dx= ∫ dx = ∫ dx= ∫ dx+ ∫ dx=
(x−a)( x+ a) 2a ( x−a)( x +a) 2 a (x−a)(x+ a) 2 a x−a 2 a x +a 2
Exerciţii
Nr Integrala Nr Integrala Nr Integrala
. . .
1 1 1 1
∫ x 2−1 dx 3 ∫ x 2−4 dx 5 ∫ x 2−9 dx
2 1 1 1
∫ 4 x2−1 dx 4 ∫ 5 x2 −125 dx6 ∫ x 2−5 dx
1 1 x
7. ∫ x 2+ a2 dx= a arctg a +C
Exerciţii
Nr Integrala Nr Integrala Nr Integrala
. . .
1 1 1 1
∫ x 2+1 dx 3 ∫ x 2+ 4 dx 5
∫ x 2+ 9 dx
2 1 1 1
∫ 4 x2 +1 dx 4 ∫ 5 x2 +125 dx 6 ∫ x 2+5 dx
8.
1 1 b−a 1 (x +b)−( x +a) 1 1 1 1 x +a
∫ ( x +a)(x dx= ∫ dx= ∫ dx= ∫ dx−∫ dx= ln +
+b) b−a ( x+ a)(x+ b) b−a (x +a)( x +b) b−a x +a x+b b−a x +b
Exerciţii
Nr Integrala Nr Integrala Nr Integrala
. . .
1 1 1 1
∫ ( x+ 1 )( x +2 ) dx 5 ∫ ( x+ 2 )( x +4 ) dx 9 ∫ ( x+ 1 )( x +4 ) dx
2 1 1 1
∫ ( x−1 ) ( x −2 ) dx 6 ∫ ( x+ 2 )( x−4 ) dx10 ∫ ( x+ 2 ) x dx
3 1 1 1
∫ ( x+ 2 )( x +7 ) dx 7 ∫ ( x+ 2 )( x−7 ) dx11 ∫ ( x−2 ) ( x+7 ) dx
4 1 1 1
∫ ( 3 x+2 )( 5 x+ 3 ) dx8 ∫ ( x−5 ) ( x−1 ) dx12 ∫ ( 2 x −1 )( 2 x+ 1 ) dx
1
9. ∫ 2 dx cu următoarele subcazuri:
a x + bx+ c 2
9.1. Cazul  = b2-4ac < 0  ax2+bx+c = a(x – xv)2+yv unde xv = -b/2a, yv = -/4a.
1 1 1 1 x−x v
∫ ax 2 +bx+ 2
dx= ∫ dx= arctg +C
c a yv yv yv

2
(x −x v ) +
2
a
2
a
a √
9.2. Cazul  = b -4ac = 0  ax +bx+c = a(x – xv) unde xv = -b/2a.2

a
−2
1 1 1 1 −2 1 ( x−x v )
∫ ax 2 +bx+ c 2 dx= a ∫ (x −x )2 dx= a ∫ (x−x v ) dx= a −1 +C
v
−b ± √ ∆
9.3. Cazul  = b2-4ac > 0 ax2+bx+c = a(x – x1)(x - x2) unde x1,2 =
2a
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x −x1
∫ ax 2 +bx+ c 2
dx= ∫
a ( x −x1 )( x−x 2)
dx= ∙
a x 2−x 1
∫ ( −
x−x 1 x−x 2
¿) dx= ∙ | |
ln
a x 2−x 1 x −x2
+C ¿

Exerciţii
Nr Integrala Nr Integrala Nr. Integrala
. .
1 1 9 1 1
∫ x 2−x+ 1 dx ∫ x 2−2 x+1 dx 17 ∫ x 2−4 x+3 dx
2 1 10 1 18 1
∫ x 2+ x +1 dx ∫ x 2−10 x+25 dx ∫ x 2−6 x+ 5 dx
3 1 11 1 19 1
∫ x 2+ 2 x +2 dx ∫ x 2+ 4 x +4 dx ∫ x 2+3 x +2 dx
4 1 1 1
∫ x 2+ 2 x +10 dx12 ∫ x 2+ 6 x +36 dx 20
∫ x 2+7 x +12 dx
5 1 1 1
∫ 4 x2−4 x +2 dx13 ∫ x 2−7 x+ 49 dx 21
∫ x 2−7 x+ 10 dx
6 1 1 1
∫ 4 x2−3 x +1 dx14 ∫ 4 x2−4 x +1 dx 22 ∫ x 2−5 x+ 6 dx
7 1 1 1
∫ x 2−3 x+5 dx 15 ∫ 9 x 2−6 x+ 1 dx 23
∫ 2 x2−5 x +2 dx
8 1 1 1
∫ x 2+5 x +7 dx 16 ∫ 5 x2 −2 √5 x+ 1 dx24 ∫ 7 x 2−8 x+ 1 dx
10. Forme combinate studiate sub forma exerciţiilor.
Exerciţii
Nr Integrala Nr Integrala Nr. Integrala
. .
1 1 10 x +1 2
∫ 3 x+5 dx ∫ x 2+ 2 x +10 dx 19 ∫ x + x +2 2
dx
( x +1)(x +1)
2 1−3 x x
∫ 2 x+3 dx 11 ∫ x 8 dx 20
3
∫ ( x +1)(x+ 3)( x +5) dx
1+ x
3 1 x
∫ ( x +2)(x+ 3) dx12 ∫ ( x −1)10 dx 21 ∫ x 2−2 x +24 dx
3 2

x (x−2)
4 1 x −4 2
∫ x 3+ x−2 dx 13 ∫ ( x −2)(x−5) dx22 ∫ 3 x +2 3
x−3
dx
x −x
5 1 2
x 5+ 2 x 3 +2 x 2 + x +1
∫ 3 x 2+5 dx 14 ∫ x +5 x +7
dx
23
∫ dx
x +3 x3 + x
6 1 2
x +4
∫ x 2−3 x+ 2 dx 15 ∫ xx−1 +1
dx
24
∫ x ( x 2+2 x +2) dx
7 1 5
∫ 3 x 2+ x +1 dx 16 ∫ x 2+ x +1 dx 25 ∫ 3 x2
2
dx
x + 5 x +8 x+ 4
8 1 2x
∫ 2 x2−3 x +1 dx17 ∫ x 2−6 x+ 5 dx 26 ∫ x 3+1 dx
3

x ( x −8)
9 5 x−2 18 5 27 x 5+ x 4−8
∫ x 2+ 4 dx ∫ x (x+1)(x +3) dx ∫ x 3−4 x dx

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy