Lesson 2: Factors Affecting Development: Maternal Nutrition, Child Nutrition, Early Sensory Stimulation

Lesson 2: Factors Affecting Development: Maternal Nutrition,
Child Nutrition, Early Sensory Stimulation
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Discuss the factors affecting physical and motor development of children and adolescents.
Time Frame: Week 8
Introduction:
Child development is a gradual unfolding of biologically determined characteristics and traits

that arises as the child learns from experiences. As humans, we are not born fully able to walk or
talk. Yet, our senses are quite keen at birth, equipping us to learn and take in the world at a very
fast pace. Motor skills unfold gradually, and our gross and fine motor capabilities emerge slowly
over the first few years of life. These physical characteristics and traits are influenced by various
factors both from heredity and environment. You will be exploring all of these in this lesson.
Activity
Prepare a whole body mirror. Stand in front of it and examine yourself. Answer the following:
1. What can you say about the features of your face? The shape of your nose, mouth, eyes,
forehead, and cheeks? About the features of my face, I could say that I have developed my
jaw line, having permanent teeth, and oily face. My physical features are quite different
when compared to my early childhood days.
2. How about your body built? I have developed longer arms and legs, rounder hips and also
having developed breasts.
3. What are the skills and abilities do you possess? I have my cooking skills in which I can
prepare meals. I can also write poems and memorize them.
Analysis
1. As you look at your face, from whom do you think you inherit the shape of your face and
your body?
As I look at my face, I can say that I have inherited the shape of my face and my body from
my father in which most people could say that I absolutely look like him.
2. How did you acquire your skills and abilities?
I acquired my skills and abilities from my experiences. I also learned some skills from people
whom I idolize.
Abstraction
Human development is affected by both genetic and environmental influences. It is affected by

the following factors:
1.Maternal Nutrition
One important factor
affecting development is maternal nutrition.
Mother supplies all the
nutrients to the inborn fetus
through the food intake so that she should take
care of her diet for her sake and that of the
fetus. It is important that she gets a
continuous supply of fresh
vegetables, fruits, minerals, and vitamins
needed. http://www.healthandlifestyle.com.ph/maternal-and-fetal-nutrition/
2.Child Nutrition
Adequate nutrition contributes to
a continuous brain growth, rapid
skeletal, and muscular development. It
is not the amount of food that children
eat but what they eat that contributes
to healthy living. A healthy diet
includes n adequate supply of fruits
and vegetables, whole grains, food
rich in protein and calcium like meat http://www.healthandlifestyle.com.ph/maternal-and-fetal-nutrition/
and dairy products. Colourful foods
such as oranges, apples, tomatoes, and green vegetables are not only appealing but also
highly nutritious.
3.Early Sensory Stimulation

Children under 6 years of age tend to be farsighted, because their eyes have not
matured and are shaped differently from those of adults. After that age, the eyes not only
are more mature but can focus better.
Minority of children’s vision does not develop properly. About ten percent of 6-
year-old children have
defective near vision,
and 7 percent have defective
distant vision, the latter
number jumps to 17 percent by
11 years of age.
Sensory deprivation
exists in terms of
the reception of sounds from
the environment. Same
with visual handicaps,
children
may also suffer from auditory https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/492299802999563752/
problem.
Factors that Affect Growth
1. Genetic History. According to Lynne Levitsky, M.D., chief of the pediatric endocrine unit of
Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, the child’s genetic history influences to a large
extent in his growth. As a matter of fact, it is the number one in the list. By just looking at
the parents’ height, the rate of growth of the child can more or less be predicted.
2. Nutrition. “Without good diet, kids won’t grow normally,” says Jo Anne Hattner, a pediatric
specialist at the American Dietetic Association. Sometimes, parents miss an assuring and
wholesome calories for the child, thus, derailing his chances for a healthy diet. A child no
matter how fat should never be put into diet. He must have in his diet, nutritious food but
less on juice or soda which can interfere with the child’s appetite for the food rich in
needed nutrients.
3. Medical Condition. Children born with or develop serious medical conditions can have
stunted growth if not treated. Some of these are: gastrointestinal disorders such as celiac
disease; food allergies; thyroid problems; hormone deficiency; heart, kidney, or liver
ailments; and certain chromosomal abnormalities. It is important that medications are
monitored closely. There are stimulants like Ritalin prescribed for ADHD which have been
found to have adverse effects on growth.
4. Exercise. Regular physical activity promotes growth hormone by strengthening bones and
muscles. However, caution should be observed in doing high-impact sports like running and
gymnastics because, they too, can impede growth if done excessively. Moreover, they can
cause trauma to developing bones.
5. Sleep. About 70 to 80 percent of growth hormone is secreted during sleep, says Paul
Saenger, M.D. a pediatric endocrinologist at Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Medical
Center, New York.
6. Emotional Well-Being. Children must be nurtured with love, patience, and understanding.
They need a supportive family environment. When children experience anxieties brought
by emotional neglect and too much tension growth is also stunted. The condition called
“psychosocial growth failure’ by doctors – is extremely rare, but its consequences are as
real as malnutrition. Application
1. Discuss the factors affecting development. Give example/s of a situation on how each
factor affect development:
Factors Discussion with example/s.

Genetics Children inherit much from their parents genetically
aside from physical appearance, like eye and hair color,
skin tone, nose shape, as well as height and body build.
They also inherit things like aptitude. These innate
propensities can include everything from shyness and
stubbornness to kindness and perseverance or even a
specific talent (or lack of!) for certain things. Some kids
may have more outgoing or tenacious personalities than
their same-age peers, which can also affect how quickly
or slowly they hit their developmental milestones.
While all kids are special and have amazing potential,

some children are also more naturally gifted or excel
more than others at certain things. Whether it be at
sports or academics, some kids pick things up much
faster or more easily than others.
Health and Nutrition Some health attributes are passed through the genes,
some viruses, diseases, and disabilities can be
developed as a result of external factors including (but
not limited to) our environment. Good health can include
access to quality healthcare, vaccinations, medicines, a
toxin-free environment, clean water and air, and of
course, diet.
Gender no two kids are alike, the nature vs nurture debate is

interesting when considering gender differences.
Obviously, girls and boys develop differently from one
another – both physically and emotionally, but by how
much and why are up for debate. While it is certainly
noticeable once puberty hits, different developmental
timetables can be seen, although possibly more
subtlety, from a young age. Most parents will attest to
the fact that their sons are very different from their
daughters, not just developmentally but also in the way
they play, act, react, behave, and think.
Environment A child’s physical and social environment also plays a

big role in factors that influence child development.
Access to suitable housing, healthcare, education and

recreation facilities, clean air and water can influence a
child directly through their own health well-being and
opportunities afforded to them, as well as indirectly by
affecting their caregivers' emotional and physical well-
being.
Closure
We are already done with this lesson, “Factors Affecting Development: Maternal Nutrition,
Child Nutrition, Early Sensory Stimulation”. I hope that this topic has helped you deepen your
understanding on the physical and motor development of children and adolescents making this as
basis in dealing properly your students in the future. Congratulations for a job well done!!!

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Lesson 2: Factors Affecting Development: Maternal Nutrition,

Child Nutrition, Early Sensory Stimulation

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Time Frame: Week 8

Child development is a gradual unfolding of biologically determined characteristics and traits

Human development is affected by both genetic and environmental influences. It is affected by

3.Early Sensory Stimulation

Factors that Affect Growth

Factors Discussion with example/s.

While all kids are special and have amazing potential,

Gender no two kids are alike, the nature vs nurture debate is

Environment A child’s physical and social environment also plays a

Access to suitable housing, healthcare, education and

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