#include<stdio.

h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
float round(float a);
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;

// gd=graphics driver (detects best graphics driver and assigns it as default, gm=graphics mode.
int x1,y1,x2,y2,steps,k;
float xincr,yincr,x,y,dx,dy;
printf("enter x1,y1");

scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);

printf("enter x2,y2");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\BGI"); //initializes the graph
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
if(abs(dx)>abs(dy))

steps=abs(dx);
else
steps=abs(dy);
xincr=dx/steps;
yincr=dy/steps;
x=x1;

y=y1;
for(k=1;k<=steps;k++)
{
delay(100); //for seeing the line drawing process slowly.
x+=xincr;
y+=yincr;
putpixel(round(x),round(y),WHITE);

}
 outtextxy(200,20,"DDA");
// for printing text at desired screen location.
outtextxy(x1+5,y1-5,"(x1,y1)");
outtextxy(x2+5,y2+5,"(x2,y2)");
getch();
closegraph();
// closes the graph and comes back to previous graphic mode.

float round(float a)
{
int b=a+0.5;
return b;
}
 Midpoint Circle Generation Algorithm
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>

void draw_circle(int, int, int);

void symmetry(int, int, int, int);

void main()
{
int xc, yc, R;
int gd = DETECT, gm;

initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TurboC3\\BGI");

printf("Enter the center of the circle:\n");

printf("Xc =");
scanf("%d", &xc);
printf("Yc =");
scanf("%d", &yc);

printf("Enter the radius of the circle :");

scanf("%d", &R);

draw_circle(xc, yc, R);

getch();
closegraph();
}

void draw_circle(int xc, int yc, int rad)

{
int x = 0, y = rad, p = 1-rad;
symmetry(x, y, xc, yc);
 for(x=0; y>x; x++)
{
if(p<0)
{ p += 2 * x + 3; }
else
{ p += 2 * (x - y) + 5;
y--;
}

symmetry(x, y, xc, yc);

delay(50);
}
}

void symmetry(int x, int y, int xc, int yc)

{
putpixel(xc+x, yc-y, GREEN); //For pixel (x, y)
delay(50);
putpixel(xc+y, yc-x, GREEN); //For pixel (y, x)
delay(50);
putpixel(xc+y, yc+x, GREEN); //For pixel (y, -x)
delay(50);
putpixel(xc+x, yc+y, GREEN); //For pixel (x, -y)
delay(50);
putpixel(xc-x, yc+y, GREEN); //For pixel (-x, -y)
delay(50);
putpixel(xc-y, yc+x, GREEN); //For pixel (-y, -x)
delay(50);
putpixel(xc-y, yc-x, GREEN); //For pixel (-y, x)
delay(50);
putpixel(xc-x, yc-y, GREEN); //For pixel (-x, y)
delay(50);

}
 Ellipse Generation Algorithm

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>

void disp();
float x, y;
int xc, yc;

void main()

{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int rx, ry;
float p1, p2;
clrscr();

initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TurboC3\\BGI");

printf("Enter the centre point :");

scanf("%d %d", &xc, &yc);

printf("Enter the value for Rx and Ry :");

scanf("%d %d", &rx, &ry);

x = 0;
y = ry;

disp();
p1 = (ry * ry) - (rx * rx * ry) + (rx * rx) / 4;
while((2.0 * ry * ry * x) <= (2.0 * rx * rx * y))
{
x++;
if(p1 <= 0)
{ p1 = p1 + (2.0 * ry * ry * x) + ( ry * ry); }
else
{ y--;
p1 = p1 + (2.0 * ry * ry * x) - (2.0 * rx * rx * y) + (ry *ry);
}

disp();
x =-x;

disp();
x =-x;
}

x = rx;
y = 0;

disp();
p2 = (rx * rx) + 2.0 * (ry * ry * rx) + (ry * ry) / 4;

while((2.0 * ry * ry * x) > (2.0 * rx * rx * y))

{
y++;
if(p2 > 0)
{ p2 = p2 + (rx * rx) - (2.0 * rx * rx * y); }
else
{ x--;
p2 = p2 + (2.0 * ry * ry * x) - (2.0 * rx * rx * y) + (rx * rx);
}

disp();
y =-y;

disp();
y =-y;
 }

getch();
closegraph();
}

void disp()
{
delay(50);
putpixel(xc+x, yc+y, RED);
putpixel(xc-x, yc+y, RED);
putpixel(xc+x, yc-y, RED);
putpixel(xc-x, yc-y, RED);
}
Program for translation:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>

void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x1,y1,x2,y2,tx,ty,x3,y3,x4,y4;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TurboC3\\BGI");

printf("Enter the starting point of line segment:");

scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);

printf("Enter the ending point of line segment:");

scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);

printf("Enter translation distances tx,ty:\n");

scanf("%d%d",&tx,&ty);

setcolor(5);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
outtextxy(x2+2,y2+2,"Original line");

x3=x1+tx;
y3=y1+ty;
 x4=x2+tx;
y4=y2+ty;

setcolor(7);
line(x3,y3,x4,y4);
outtextxy(x4+2,y4+2,"Line after translation");

getch();
}

Program for scaling:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>

void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
float x1,y1,x2,y2,sx,sy,x3,y3,x4,y4;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TurboC3\\BGI");

printf("Enter the starting point coordinates:");

scanf("%f %f",&x1,&y1);

printf("Enter the ending point coordinates:");

scanf("%f %f",&x2,&y2);

printf("Enter scaling factors sx,sy:\n");

scanf("%f%f",&sx,&sy);

setcolor(5);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
outtextxy(x2+2,y2+2,"Original line");

x3=x1*sx;
y3=y1*sy;
 x4=x2*sx;
y4=y2*sy;

setcolor(7);
line(x3,y3,x4,y4);
outtextxy(x3+2,y3+2,"Line after scaling");

getch();
}

Program for Rotation:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>

void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
float x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,a,t;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TurboC3\\BGI");

printf("Enter coordinates of starting point:\n");

scanf("%f%f",&x1,&y1);

printf("Enter coordinates of ending point\n");

scanf("%f%f",&x2,&y2);

printf("Enter angle for rotation\n");

scanf("%f",&a);

setcolor(5);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
outtextxy(x2+2,y2+2,"Original line");
 t=a*(3.14/180);
x3=(x1*cos(t))-(y1*sin(t));
y3=(x1*sin(t))+(y1*cos(t));
x4=(x2*cos(t))-(y2*sin(t));
y4=(x2*sin(t))+(y2*cos(t));

setcolor(7);
line(x3,y3,x4,y4);
outtextxy(x3+2,y3+2,"Line after rotation");

getch();
}