//Practical-1:Draw the following patterns using standard graphics library

//A).Block diagram of Computer Roll no:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
rectangle(50,300,150,250);//input
line(150,275,250,275);
outtextxy(75,275,"INPUT");
rectangle(200,450,450,100);//cpu
rectangle(250,200,400,150);//ALU
outtextxy(310,175,"ALU");
outtextxy(246,272,">");
line(300,200,300,250);
outtextxy(297,244,"v");
line(350,200,350,250);
outtextxy(347,200,"^");
rectangle(250,300,400,250);
line(300,300,300,350);
outtextxy(280,275,"Control unit");
outtextxy(297,344,"v");
line(350,350,350,300);
outtextxy(347,300,"^");
rectangle(250,400,400,350);//storage
line(400,275,500,275);
outtextxy(300,375,"Storage");
rectangle(500,300,600,250);
outtextxy(525,275,"OUTPUT");
outtextxy(496,272,">");
outtextxy(225,75,"BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER");
outtextxy(310,465,"CPU");
getch();
}
/*Practical-1:Draw the following pattern using Standard graphics
library
B)Flag of India Roll No:
*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,mode,i;
initgraph(&gd,&mode,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,6);
bar(50,50,300,100);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE);
bar(50,100,300,150);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);
bar(50,150,300,200);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,8);
bar(40,20,50,460);//flag pole
setcolor(1);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE);
for(i=0;i<360;i=i+15)
{
pieslice(175,125,i,i+15,25);
}
getch();
}
Output:-
/*Draw a following pattern using standard graphics library
C. Flow Chart Symbols, DFD Symbols, E-R Diagram Symbols*/
Roll No:-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
line(60,60,180,60);//start end
line(60,90,180,90);//start end
arc(60,75,90,270,15);
arc(180,75,270,90,15);
outtextxy(85,73,"START/END");
line(60,150,180,150);//IO
line(35,210,155,210);//IO
line(60,150,35,210);//IO
line(180,150,155,210);//IO
outtextxy(60,180,"INPUT/OUTPUT");
rectangle(50,270,170,330);
outtextxy(80,300,"PROCESS");
line(300,50,260,90);//DCS
line(260,90,300,130);//DCS
line(300,50,340,90);//DCS
line(340,90,300,130);//DCS
outtextxy(272,30,"DECISION");
line(300,130,300,170);
outtextxy(297,165,"v");
outtextxy(310,140,"YES");
line(340,90,380,90);
outtextxy(378,87,">");
outtextxy(350,70,"NO");
line(280,190,280,250);//fl
line(280,190,270,200);//fl
line(280,190,290,200);//fl
line(310,190,310,250);//fl
line(300,240,310,250);//fl
line(320,240,310,250);//fl
outtextxy(330,210,"FLOW-LINE");
circle(420,140,15);//cn
line(420,100,420,125);//cn
line(420,155,420,180);//cn
outtextxy(450,140,"CONNECTOR");
line(410,110,420,120);//cn
line(430,110,420,120);//cn
line(420,155,420,180);//loop
line(380,270,450,270);//loop
line(380,290,450,290);//loop
line(380,270,370,280);//loop
line(370,280,380,290);//loop
line(450,270,460,280);//braces
line(460,280,450,290);//loop
outtextxy(400,275,"LOOP");
line(415,290,415,320);
line(405,305,415,315);//arrow
line(425,305,415,315);
outtextxy(430,320,"YES");
line(340,280,370,280);
line(350,280,360,270);//arrow
line(350,280,360,290);
outtextxy(320,280,"NO");
rectangle(20,20,550,350);
outtextxy(230,370,"FLOW CHART");
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output:-
/*Practical No: Roll No:
Implement Bresenham’s Line Drawing Algorithm */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void breline(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2);
void main()
{
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\turboc3\\bgi");
setcolor(WHITE);
setcolor(6);
printf("Enter the value of x1 & y1 :-");u
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter the value of x2 &y2:-");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
breline(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
}
void breline(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2)
{
float dx,dy,p;
int i,x,y ,xend;
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
p=2*dy-dx;
if(x1>x2)
{
x=x2;
y=y2;
xend=x1;
}
else
{
x=x1;
y=y1;
xend=x2;
}
putpixel(x,y,10);
while(x<xend)
{
 x=x+1;
if(p<0)
{
p=p+(2*dy);
}
else
{
y=y+1;
p=+((2*dy)-(2*dx));
}
putpixel(x,y,10);
}
}

Output:-
Practical 3. Implement Bresenham’s Circle Drawing Algorithm
Date:26/09/2023 ROLL NO:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
int x,y,r,i,p,xc,yc;
main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\BGI");
printf("Enter the CO-ORDINATES");
scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);
printf("\n Enter the value of Radius:");
scanf("%d",&r);
print_origin();
xc=xc+320;
yc=240-yc;
cir(xc,yc,r);
return(0);
}
cir(xc,yc,r)
{
x=0;
y=r;
plotpoints(xc,yc,x,y);
p=3-2*r;
while(x<y)
{
if(p<0)
{
x=x+1;
y=y;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
}
if(p<0)
{
p=p+4*x+6;
}
else
p=p+4*(x-y)+10;
plotpoints(xc,yc,x,y);
}
getch();
return(0);
}
plotpoints(int xc,int yc,int x,int y)
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,15);
delay(200);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,15);
delay(200);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,15);
delay(200);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,15);
delay(200);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,15);
delay(200);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,15);
delay(200);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,15);
delay(200);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,15);
delay(200);
return(0);
}
/*CODE FOR DRAWING ORIGIN*/
print_origin()
{
line(1,240,640,240);
line(320,1,320,640);
outtextxy(320,242,"(0,0)");
return(0);
}
OUTPUT
Write program to Impliment DDA line drawing algorithm
Roll No:*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int x1,x2,y1,y2,i=0;
float x,y,xincr,yincr,length;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\Turboc3\\BGI");
printf("\n Enter co-ordinate x1 & y1:");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("\n Enter co-ordinate x2 & y2:");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
length=x2-x1;
if((y2-y1)>length)
length=y2-y1;
xincr=(x2-x1)/length;
yincr=(y2-y1)/length;
x=x1+0.5;
y=y1+0.5;
for(i=1;i<=length;i++)
{
putpixel((int)x,(int)y,WHITE);
x=x+xincr;
y=y+yincr;
getch();
}
getch();
}
Output:-
Practical-5: Implement Translation transformation on polygon
Date:26/09/2023 Roll No:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x[10],y[10],n,i;
int x1[10],y1[10];
int t1,t2;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
printf("\t Original object \n");
printf("\n Enter no of points: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\t Enter the %d points:", n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n Enter the co-ordinates of %d points",i+1);
printf("\n x=");
scanf("%d",&x[i]);
printf("y=");
scanf("%d",&y[i]);

x1[i]=x[i];
y1[i]=y[i];
}
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
line(x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]);
}
line(x[n-1],y[n-1],x[0],y[0]);
getch();

//cleardevice();
printf("\n Enter the translation factor : ");
scanf("%d%d",&t1,&t2);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
x1[i]=x1[i]+t1;
y1[i]=y1[i]+t2;
}
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
 {
line(x1[i],y1[i],x1[i+1],y1[i+1]);
}
line(x1[n-1],y1[n-1],x1[0],y1[0]);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:-
Practical-6: Implement Scaling transformation on polygon
Date:26/09//2023 Roll No:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x[10],y[10],n,i;
int x1[10],y1[10];
int s1,s2;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
printf("\t Original object \n");
printf("\n Enter no of points: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\t Enter the %d points:", n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n Enter the co-ordinates of %d points",i+1);
printf("\n x=");
scanf("%d",&x[i]);
printf("y=");
scanf("%d",&y[i]);

x1[i]=x[i];
y1[i]=y[i];
}
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
line(x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]);
}
line(x[n-1],y[n-1],x[0],y[0]);
getch();

//cleardevice();
printf("\n Enter the scaling factor : ");
scanf("%d%d",&s1,&s2);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
x1[i]=x1[i]*s1;
y1[i]=y1[i]*s2;
 }
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
line(x1[i],y1[i],x1[i+1],y1[i+1]);
}
line(x1[n-1],y1[n-1],x1[0],y1[0]);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:-
Practical-7:Implement Rotation Transformation on polygons
Date:03/10/2023 Roll No:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
int n,x[10],y[10],i;
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
printf("Enter the number of vertices :-");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d co-ordinates :", n*2);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d%d",&x[i],&y[i]);
}
print_origin();
draw();
Rotation();
draw();
getch();
}
draw()
{
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
line(320+x[i],240-y[i],320+x[i+1],240-y[i+1]);
}
line(320+x[0],240-y[0],320+x[n-1],240-y[n-1]);
return;
}
Rotation()
{
float ang1;
printf("Enter angle :- ");
scanf("%f",&ang1);
ang1=ang1*3.14/180;
print_origin();
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
x[i]=(x[i]*cos(ang1))+(y[i]*sin(ang1));
y[i]=(y[i]*sin(ang1))+(y[i]*cos(ang1));
 }
return;
}
print_origin()
{
setcolor(WHITE);
line(1,240,639,240);
line(320,1,320,639);
outtextxy(320,240,"O(0,0)");
outtextxy(317,1,"^");
outtextxy(1,237,"<");
outtextxy(632,237,">");
outtextxy(317,472,"v");
return(0);
}

Output:-
Practical-8:Implement Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm
Roll No:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
typedef unsigned int outcode;
enum {TOP=0x1,BOTTOM=0x2,RIGHT=0x4,LEFT=0x8};

void lineclip(x0,y0,x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax)
float x0,y0,x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax;
{
int gd,gm;
outcode code0,code1,codeout;
int accept=0,done=0;
code0=calcode(x0,y0,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);
code1=calcode(x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);
do
{
if(!(code0|code1))
{
{accept=1;done=1;}
}
else
if(code0&code1)
done=1;
else
{
float x,y;
codeout=code0?code0:code1;
if(codeout &TOP)
{
x=x0+(x1-x0)*(ywmax-y0)/(y1-y0);
y=ywmax;
}
else
if(codeout &BOTTOM)
{
x=x0+(x1-x0)*(ywmin-y0)/(y1-y0);
y=ywmin;
}
else
if(codeout &RIGHT)
{
 y=y0+(y1-y0)*(ywmax-x0)/(x1-x0);
x=xwmax;
}
else
if(codeout &LEFT)
{
y=y0+(y1-y0)*(ywmin-x0)/(x1-x0);
x=xwmin;
}
if(codeout==code0)
{
x0=x;
y0=y;
code0=calcode(x0,y0,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);
}
else
{
x1=x;
y1=y;
code1=calcode(x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);
}
}
}
while(done==0);
// clrscr();
if(accept)
{
cleardevice();
getch();
line(x0,y0,x1,y1);
rectangle(xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);
}
getch();
}
int calcode(x,y,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax)
float x,y,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax;
{
int code=0;
if(y>ywmax)
code|=TOP;
else if(y<ywmin)
code|=BOTTOM;
else if(x>xwmax)
 code|=RIGHT;
else if(x<xwmin)
code|=LEFT;
return(code);
}
void main()
{
float x2,y2,x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
setbkcolor(WHITE);
setcolor(1);
printf("Enter the co-ordinates of line:");
printf("\n x1,y1 :");
scanf("%f%f",&x1,&y1);
printf("\n x2,y2 :");
scanf("%f%f",&x2,&y2);
printf("Enter the co-ordinates of window:");
printf("\n xwmin,ywmin :");
scanf("%f%f",&xwmin,&ywmin);
printf("\n xwmax,ywmax :");
scanf("%f%f",&xwmax,&ywmax);
cleardevice();
setcolor(1);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
rectangle(xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);
getch();
cleardevice();
lineclip(x1,y1,x2,y2,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);
getch();
}

Output:-
Before clipping:-

After clipping:-