Chapter 2

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Literature Review

Local Studies

Difficulty can be a hardship, an obstacle, a hindrance or a problem. In the study, it was used as a

thing that is hard to accomplish, deal with, or understand. In line with studying, the current

Grade 11 and 12 students who are currently taking the Accounting, Business and Management

strand experiences problems regarding their specialized subjects. The purpose of this study is to

know the obstacles they are facing because the researchers, as ABM Students themselves, seek to

find answers on what are the difficulties that the ABM students are facing as well as how do they

cope up with such according to Alvarado et. al (2019). It is vital to address the importance of

Fundamentals of ABM 2 to identify the significance of the subject in ABM strand. According

to Gadiano et al. (2017) Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business, and Management

introduce basic accounting principles, accounting concepts, and accounting terminology.

This subject teaches the rules of debit and credit which allow performances in accounting to

be done successfully. It serves as the foundation of knowledge of every ABM student to

Gadiano et al. (2017).


Foreign Studies

Learning how to study is really a long-term process. As one goes on studyding, one finds more

techniques and methods that offer new information leading one on an interesting and successful

direction. So, learning how to study or to develop good study habits is a lifelong process, and

one should be ready to moddify one’s method of study according to the need of the time. The

development of good study habits is the highway to the goals of an individual, whatever they

are. (A.S Arul Lawrence, 2014) The status of study habits was at moderate level for most

students. Therefore, it is recommended to consider and assess students’ study habits at the time

of entry into university, in addition, specific training should be offered to students in order to

help them learn or modify study habits to increase their academic achievements. (Jafari,

Aghaei, Khatony, 2019) Study habit, skill, and attitude inventories and constructs were found to

rival standardized tests and previous grades as predictors of academic performance, yielding

substantial incremental validity in predicting academic performance. Study motivation and

study skills exhibit the strongest relationships with both grade point average and grades in

individual classes. Academic specific anxiety was found to be an important negative predictor

of performance. In addition, significant variation in the validity of specific inventories is shown.

Scores on traditional study habit and attitude inventories are the most predictive of

performance, whereas scores on inventories based on the popular depth-of-processing

perspective are shown to be least predictive of the examined criteria. Overall, study habit and

skill measures improve prediction of academic performance more than any other noncognitive

individual difference variable examined to date and should be regarded as the third pillar of
academic success. (Crede, kuncel, 2008) Determining students’ learning styles provides

information about their specific preferences. Understanding learning styles can make it easier to

create, modify, and develop more efficient curriculum and educational programs. It can also

encourage students’ participation in these programs and motivate them to gain professional

knowledge. Therefore, determining learning style is quite valuable in order to achieve more

effective learning. Researching learning styles provides data on how students learn and find

answers to questions. (İlçin, Tomruk, Sevi Yeşilyaprak, Karadibak, Savcı, 2018)

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