ALGEBRA 1

ROMAN NUMERALS
1- I 5–V 10 – X 50 – L 100 – C
500 – D 1000 – M
PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHM
Log (XY) = Log (X) + Log (Y)
x
Log ( y ) = Log (X) – Log (Y)
Log x = n Log (X)
n

log ( X )
Log = yx
log(Y )

Log 0 = -∞
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AX2 +BX +C =A
−B
SUM OF ROOTS: X1+X2= A

C
PRODUCT OF ROOTS: X1.X2= A

± √ B2−4 AC
DIFFERENCE OF ROOTS: X1-X2 = A

DISCRIMINANT: B2−4 AC

0, REAL & EQUAL, >0- REAL & UNEQUAL, B −4 AC=¿

B2−4 AC =¿ 2

<0, IMAGINARY/ COMPLEX ROOTS

ROOT MEDIAN SQUAR
(RMS) =√
2 2 2
A + B +C
N
 ALGEBRA 2
BINOMIAL
Y-TERM = nC r (x)
n−r
( y)
r

r th TERM = nC r−1 (x)

n−r +1
( y)
r−1

n
MIDDLE TERM (rm) = 2 + 1
Sum of Exponents (SoE) = n (n+1)
Sum of Exponents (SoE) = n (n+1) ( 2 )
A +B

---------------------If x &y have exponent------------

Sum of Coefficients (SoC)case 1 = ( x + y ) n

Sum of Coefficients (SoC)case 2 =( x +k ) −k n n

***after using Soc substitute x,y etc. to 1***

BINOMIAL EXPANSION INVOLVING SAME VARIABLE

(A)(n-r+1) + (B)(r-1) = m
*** after using this formula use rth term formula***

AGE PROBLEMS
Mary & Ann Problems:
If “Was”: A=
2
M
3

If “is”: A =
3
M
4

MIXTURE PROBLEMS
QUANTITY: A + B = C
 ALGEBRA 2
CONCENTRATION: A(a%) + B(b%) = C(c%)

WORK PROBLEMS
CASE 1: SUM OF INDIVIDUAL RATES
1 1 1 1
+ +… =
A B n T

CASE 2: MEN x TIME

M1t1 + M22 + … MnTn = MTTT
If workload is given,
M 1 t1 M 2 t2 M n t n M T tT
+ +… =
w1 w2 wn wT

Case 3 : Tulungan or Iwanan

R1t1 + R2t2 … Rntn = 1
CLOCK PROBLEMS
60 ∅
X= ¿
11 30
−h ¿

 + if hour hand is ahead

SPECIAL CLOCK PROBLEM 1

“The minute hand will be as much ahead of the hour”
N
60+
X= 11
2 where N=minutes given

SPECIAL CLOCK PROBLEM 2

 ALGEBRA 2
“The minute hand will be behind the hour by only
half”
60+10 N
X= 11 where N=minutes given

SPECIAL CLOCK PROBLEM 3

“The MINUTE directly opposite the HOUR hand”
X-NA = 12NF
WHERE NA = # OF MINUTES AGO
NF = # OF MINUTES FROM NOW
SPECIAL CLOCK PROBLEM 4
“The HOUR directly opposite the MINUTE hand”
2X-NA = 12NF
WHERE NA = # OF MINUTES AGO
NF = # OF MINUTES FROM NOW
 ALGEBRA 2
MOTION/RATE PROBLEMS
v=
d
t d= Vt t=
d
V

V = RATE/ SPEED/ VELOCITY

d = DISTANCE
t = TIME

WITH & DOWNSTREAM/ AGAINTS & UPSTREAM

WITH & DOWNSTREAM: VW =V1 + V2
AGAINTS & UPSTREAM: VA =V1 - V2

CIRCULAR TRACK
CIRCUMFERENCE ( C ) = πD
Running in the same direction:
da + db = C
Running in the same direction:
da - db = C
Time they will meet
ta = tb = t
STRAIGHT LINE TRACK
V=
d
t d= Vt t=
d
V
 ALGEBRA 2
MAXIMUM/MINIMUM SPEED OF AN
ACCELERATING/DECELERATING BODY BETWEEN TWO
POINTS
Vm
d=Vm(t− )
a

DIGIT/ NUMBER PROBLEMS

Let # = x
Consecutive # = X + 1
Consecutive odd/even # = X + 2

COIN EQUIVALENTS/PROBLEMS
PENNY = 1 CENT NICKEL = 5 CENT
DIME = 10 CENT QUARTER = 25 CENT
HALF DOLLAR = 50 CENT DOLLAR = 100 CENT

PROFIT/ INVESTMENT PROBLEMS

PROFIT OF X% = 1 + X%
LOSS/DISCOUNT OF X% = 1-X%
 ALGEBRA 3
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (AP)
MODE 3,2 ADD VALUES TO X AND Y THEN PRESS
SHIFT……1……5
NTH TERM = nY
N = ANX
COMMON DIFFERENCE = B
SUM = ∑ ( xy ¿, 1 ,n)¿
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (GP)
MODE 3, 6
SAME AS A.P

INFINITE GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (IGP)

a1
SUM IGP = 1−r
BOUNCING BALL PROBLEM
2h
d= −h
1−r

h=HEIGHT
r = COMMON DIVISOR
HARMONIC PROGRESSION (HP)
HP IS JUST THE RECIPROCAL OF AP SO PERFORM THE
PROBLEM AT AP THEN ANSWER RECIPROCAL IT
 PLANE TRIGONOMETRY
1 REV = 360° =2πrad
=400 grads = 400 gons
=6400 mils

SUM OF ANGLES
COMPLEMENTARY ∅ = 90 - ∅
SUPPLEMENTARY ∅ = 180 - ∅
EXPLEMENTARY ∅ = 360 - ∅

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
sin ∅ cos ∅ tan ∅

1 1
csc ∅= sec ∅=
sin ∅ cos ∅
1
cot ∅=
tan ∅
 PLANE TRIGONOMETRY

OBLIQUE TRIANGLE

SINE LAW
a b c
= =
sinA sinB sinC

COSINE LAW
2 2 2
a =b +c −2 bc cos ( A )

b 2=a2 +c 2−2 ac cos(B)

c 2=a2+ b2−2 ab cos (C)

SPECIAL TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1
VERSIN∅ = 1−cos ∅ EXSEC∅ = cos ∅ −1
1
VERCOSIN ∅ = 1+cos ∅ EXCOSEC∅ = sin ∅ −1
∅
COVERCOSIN = ∅ 1−sin ∅
CHORD = ∅ 2 sin
2

1+ cos ∅ 1+ sin ∅
HAVERSIN = ∅
2 HACOVERSIN = ∅
2

AREAS OF TRIANGLE
1
AREA = 2 bh
Given 2 sides and included angle
1
AREA = 2 absinθ
Given 3 sides (heron’s formula)
 PLANE TRIGONOMETRY
Area= √ s ( s−a )( s−b ) (s−c)
a+ b+c
S=
2

TRIANGLE INSCRIBED IN A CIRCLE

abc
AREA = 4 R

TRIANGLE CIRCUMSCRIBING A CIRCLE

AREA = rS
 PLANE TRIGONOMETRY
TRIANGLE WITH ESCRIBED CIRCLE

AREA = r (S-a)
GENERAL TRIANGLE
2( AREA )
r=
a+b+ b
a+ b+b
R=
4( AREA )

EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
a √3
r=
6
a √3
r=
3

AREAS FOR GENERAL

QUADRILATERAL
GIVEN DIAGONALS & INCLUDED ANGLE
1
AREA= d 2 d2 sinθ
2

GIVEN 4 SIDES & SUM OF

OPPOSITE ANGLES
A+ C
θ=
2
B+ D
θ=
2

AREA=√ ( S−a )( S−b ) ( S−c ) ( S−d )−abcd

 PLANE TRIGONOMETRY
CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL
AREA =√(S−a)( S−b)(S−c)(S−d)
R = (ab +cd )(ac4+bd)(ad+
A
bc)

d 1 d 2=ac +bd

—PTOLEMY’S THEOREM

QUADRILATERAL CIRCUMSCRIBING A CIRCLE

AREA = rS
AREA = √ abcd
 PLANE TRIGONOMETRY
ANGULAR BISECTOR OF TRIANGLE
L A =√ bc ¿ ¿ LB = √ a c ¿ ¿ LC = √ a b ¿ ¿

THEOREMS ON CIRCLE
LAW OF SECANT
(PA) (PB) = (PC)(PB)

THEOREM ON SECANT AND TANGENT

(PA) (PB) = ( PC ) 2

SIMILAR TRIANGLES

A1
=¿
A2
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY