Landforms

WHAT ARE
LANDFORMS?
Landforms are natural features that

make up the Earth’s surface. Even if we
don’t notice them, they are important.
They affect us whether we like it or not.
WHAT ARE
LANDFORMS?
You walk on the surface of the

Earth every day. Sometimes you may
walk up hills, in valleys, or swim in
oceans or lakes.
Throughout the world there are
surfaces of the Earth defined by Its
landform.
WHAT ARE
LANDFORMS?
Landforms have different physical

features such as the type of soil, water,
or rocks covering the surface.
Landforms are shaped by nature and
take thousands or millions of years.
WHAT MAKES UP
A LANDFORM?
There are many different things

that make up a landform. The crust is a
rocky covering around the Earth. Dirt is
a mixture of crushed rock and pieces
of dead material from plants and
animals which cover some of the crust.
WHAT MAKES UP
A LANDFORM?
Fossils may also be found in the

rocks or crust, which are the remains of
living things. There are also sediments
of different particles that have settled
on the Earth’s surface by wind, water,
or ice.
WHAT MAKES UP
A LANDFORM?
There are also openings in the

Earth’s surface called volcanoes,
which erupt melted rocks.
These different materials make up
the landforms on Earth, and some may
be covered by water and others may
sit high on top of a mountain, or deep
in a valley.
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
You will notice that the surface of

the earth is not the same everywhere.
The earth has an infinite variety of
landforms. Some parts of the
lithosphere may be rugged and some
flat.
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
These landforms are a result of two

processes. The first, or the internal
process leads to the upliftment and
sinking of the earth’s surface at several
places.
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
The second, or the external process is

the continuous wearing down and
rebuilding of the land surface.
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
A mountain is any natural elevation

of the earth surface. The mountains
may have a small summit and a broad
base. It is considerably higher than the
surrounding area. Some mountains are
even higher than the clouds. As you go
higher, the climate becomes colder.
1. MOUNTAINS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
In some mountains, there are

permanently frozen rivers of ice. They
are called glaciers. There are some
mountains you cannot see as they are
under the sea. Because of harsh
climate, less people live in the
mountain areas. Since the slopes are
steep, less land is available for farming.
1. MOUNTAINS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
A much higher place compared to

the land around it. It is the highest
landform on Earth. Usually cone-
shaped with steep sides and a pointed
tip called a peak. They could also be
snow covered.
1. MOUNTAINS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
Mountains may be arranged in a
line known as range. Many mountain
systems consist of a series of parallel
ranges extending over hundreds of
kilometers.
The Sierra Madre is the longest

mountain range in the Philippines.
Spanning over 540 kilometers (340 mi),
it runs from the province of Cagayan
down to the province of Quezon.
1. MOUNTAINS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
There are three types of mountains
1. Fold Mountains – are formed by the

effects of folding on layers within
the upper part of the Earth's crust.
2. Block Mountains - are created when
large areas are broken and
displaced vertically.
3. Volcanic Mountains – are formed
due to volcanic activity.
1. MOUNTAINS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
A plateau is an elevated flat land.

It is a flat-topped table land standing
above the surrounding area.
A plateau may have one or more
sides with steep slopes. The height of
plateaus often varies from few hundred
meters to several thousand meters.
2. PLATEAUS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
Plateau has very steep sides and is

often surrounded by rock faces called
cliffs. Some are located between
mountain ranges.
2. PLATEAUS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
Plains are large stretches of flat

land. They are, generally, not more
than 200 meters above mean sea
level.
3. PLAINS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
Plains are the most useful areas for

human habitation. There is great
concentration of people as more flat
land is available for building houses, as
well as for cultivation.
3. PLAINS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
Some plains are extremely level.

Others may be slightly rolling and
undulating. Most of the plains are
formed by rivers and their tributaries.
3. PLAINS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
A valley is a lower part of the land,

between two higher parts which might
be hills or mountains.
The bottom of a valley is called its
floor.
4. VALLEYS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
A valley formed by flowing water,

or river valley, is usually V-shaped. The
exact shape will depend on the
characteristics of the stream flowing
through it.
4. VALLEYS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
U-shaped valleys are formed by

glacial erosion as massive mountain
glaciers moved slowly down mountain
slopes during the last glaciation.
4. VALLEYS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
Islands can be formed in different

ways. As volcanoes erupt, they build
up layers of lava. When the tops of the
volcanoes appear above the water,
an island is formed.
5. ISLANDS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
An island landform is a land that is

completely surrounded by water. It
can be any type of land. The island
can also be surrounded different types
of water such as a sea, ocean, river,
and lake.
5. ISLANDS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
There are different types of Island

1. Oceanic islands - islands that do not
sit on the continental shelves and are
mostly of volcanic origin. These are
formed when lava spewed out by
underwater volcanic activity builds up
in layers to reach the surface of the
ocean and appear above the water
level.
5. ISLANDS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH

2. Barrier islands - The islands that are
narrow which lie parallel to the
coastline, and separate the mainland
from the ocean.
5. ISLANDS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH

3. Continental islands- represent land
masses that were connected to a
continent at some point in time but
have separated from the continents by
the shifting of tectonic plates to form
islands surrounded on all sides by
water.
5. ISLANDS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH

4. Tidal islands - are continental islands
that appear as islands during the high
tide.
5. ISLANDS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
A hill is a landform that is higher

than the surrounding land and has a
visible summit; they’re like mountains,
only shorter.
6. HILLS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
Hills may be formed by a buildup

of rock debris or sand deposited by
glaciers and wind. Hills may be created
by faults. Faults are a slight crack in the
earth which can cause earthquakes.
6. HILLS
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
They are easier to climb than

mountains. They are less steep and not
as high. But, like a mountain, a hill will
usually have an obvious summit, which
is its highest point.
6. HILLS

Landforms

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WHAT ARE

Landforms are natural features that

You walk on the surface of the

Landforms have different physical

There are many different things

Fossils may also be found in the

There are also openings in the

You will notice that the surface of

These landforms are a result of two

The second, or the external process is

A mountain is any natural elevation

In some mountains, there are

A much higher place compared to

The Sierra Madre is the longest

1. Fold Mountains – are formed by the

A plateau is an elevated flat land.

Plateau has very steep sides and is

Plains are large stretches of flat

Plains are the most useful areas for

Some plains are extremely level.

A valley is a lower part of the land,

A valley formed by flowing water,

U-shaped valleys are formed by

Islands can be formed in different

An island landform is a land that is

There are different types of Island

There are different types of Island

There are different types of Island

There are different types of Island

A hill is a landform that is higher

Hills may be formed by a buildup

They are easier to climb than

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