Math 10 - Deriving Deductively The Relations
Math 10 - Deriving Deductively The Relations
10
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 3
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Overview 1
Pre - Assessment 1
Prior Knowledge 2
Presentation 3
Concept Development 3
Activities 6
Assessment 7
Application 8
Generalization 8
Post Assessment 8
Overview 9
Pre - Assessment 9
Prior Knowledge 10
Presentation 11
Concept Development 11
Activities 14
Assessment 15
Application 15
Generalization 16
Post Assessment 16
Overview 17
Pre - Assessment 17
Prior Knowledge 18
Presentation 19
Concept Development 19
Activities 21
Assessment 22
Application 22
Generalization 23
Post Assessment 23
ANSWER KEY 30
REFERENCES 30
0
Lesson
Terms Related to Circle
1
Overview
What would our lives be like without shapes like circles? Will we have the
same design of buses as our mode of transport? How about other vehicles, such as
bikes and personal cars? What if circles do not exist in the world of sports? What will
athletes use to compete in various sporting activities, such as basketball, tennis,
volleyball, and the like? How about the machines that run our production and
exchange?
Circles, no doubt, play a huge part in our day-to-day lives. Circles are
interesting. Unlike any other shapes, these do not contain edges, but form arcs and
angles. You are already familiar with geometrical figures, specifically circle. This
lesson covers the basic terminologies related to circle. As you go through the lesson,
you will gain a wider understanding on identifying and illustrating a circle and its
components. Activities are stipulated in your perusal. Godspeed!
Objectives
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
Before you proceed to the activities, prepare all the needed materials (such as
your math activity notebook, scratch paper, and pen/pencil) to explore and learn.
Pre - Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper. (1 point each)
_____1. Which of the following refers to an angle whose vertex is on the circle
and whose sides contain chords of the circle?
A. central angle B. inscribed angle
C. supplementary angle D. complementary angle
_____2. A Circle is a set of all points that are equidistant from a specific point.
What do you call this specific point ?
A. Angle B. Radius C. Center D. Point
1
_____3. What do you call this symbol ?
A. Arc B. Line C. Curve D. segment
_____4. What arc measures greater than 180 degrees?
A. central arc B. minor arc C. major arc D. semicircle
_____5. Which of the following is an arc that measures less than 180 degrees?
A. central arc B. minor arc C. major arc D. semicircle
For items 6-10, refer to the figure below.
_____6. In , what does represents?
A. central angle
B. chord
C. inscribed angle
D. intercepted arc
_____7. is a _____ of circle B.
A. central angle B. minor arc C. major arc D.semicircle
_____8. Which of the following does represents?
A. central angle B. minor arc C. major arc D. semicircle
_____9. is a ____ of circle B.
A. central angle B. diameter C. chord D. radius
_____10. What does represents in circle B?
A. central angle B. inscribed angle C. chord D. intercepted arc
Prior Knowledge
Find and cross out all the words related to circle listed below. The words may go
horizontally, vertically, diagonally, and backwards. Have Fun!
ARCS M X B C M O P I A B D U C L W M
CIRCLE A E G U A T Y B W R J U R B K I
CENTER A L D N J L F A O D C M Y E G N
INTERCEPTS N C S Y O E E H E M V S N L S O
MAJOR ARC G R G Q R A C N F Y B S L G H R
INSCRIBED ANGLE L I T H A C J Z B H T E A N D A
MINOR ARC E C F W R O Y A I P F B G A C R
S I N S C R I B E D A N G L E C
SEMICIRCLE
F M F Y L V T C W C V K K A N T
CHORD
O E W Q P D R D L M K V X R T V
CENTRAL ANGLE
P S N A W E E L C R I C W T E G
CONGRUENT
H I H Z T I I Z D Q Y U X N R L
ANGLES
W L T N C O N G R U E N T E J Z
A B I A P C M G H D P B A C N S
2
Presentation
Let’s explore!
Imagine that you are sitting on a bench at the center of a perfectly round
garden. There are three people in your family standing at different places around
the garden. One to your right, another to your left and the last one is in front of you.
When a line is drawn from you to the person in front of you and another line from
you to the person on your left, you formed a central angle. Amazing, isn’t it?
Now, let us continue. When a line is drawn from the person to your left to the
person in front of you, that straight line is what we called a chord. Therefore, a
chord is a straight line from one point of the circle to the other.
How about arc? Arc is a curve shape, which is the distance around the
surface of the circular garden. When the person on your left runs toward the person
on your right while following the garden’s wall, then that person has created an arc.
If you draw two lines from the person on your left going to the person on your right
and to the person in front of you, it forms an inscribed angle.
Concept Development
In geometry, a circle is a set of all points equidistant from a given point called
the center. It is named by its center and indicated by the symbol ⊙. Example, ⊙P
can be read as circle with center P. The measure of the entire circle is 360 .
Below are some of the terms related to circle. Find out the definitions and
examples that will help you identify and describe chords, arcs, central angles,
inscribed angle, and intercepted arc.
3
Terms
Related to Figure Discussion/ Explanation
Circle
A chord is a segment which endpoints are on
a given circle.
A
Chord D
B Example: segment AC or is a chord of
⊙B.
C
Arc is a part of a circumference of a circle. It
is named by their endpoints and can be read
clockwise or counterclockwise. The symbol
for arc is .
A
Arcs Example:
D The curve from point D to point A is an arc.
Which can be read as “arc DA or ”. Other
B
example of arcs in the left figure are
C
Types of Arc
Types of Arc Figure Explanation
A Semicircle is an arc with a measure equal
A
to one-half ( ) of the circumference of a circle.
D Its measure is 180 . It is named using two or
B
Semicircle three endpoints of the arc.
C
Examples:
The measure of a Minor arc is less than a
semicircle or 180 . It is named using two
endpoints of the arc or three endpoints as
D long as it measures less than 180 .
Minor arc B
C Example 1:
A C Solution:
ANGLES
A central angle is an angle whose vertex is
Central angle A at the center of the circle. The sides of the
Central
D angle angle contain two radii of the circle.
5
Points of the Inscribed Angle
1. https://youtube.com/watch?v=rrj5k_lyA-I&feature=share
2. https://youtu.be/ZzBa3h_6Smk
Activities
Directions: Each item represents the different parts of ⊙O. Choose the answer on
the box provided and then answer the questions that follow. Number 1 is
done as an example. (1 point each)
central angle 1.
___________2.
___________3.
___________4.
___________5.
__________ 6.
6
Activity 3: You Complete Me!
Directions: Complete the following table. Use your skills in the previous discussion
to answer the following. (1 point each)
2.
∠CBA
Semicircle
3.
Inscribed angle 4.
∠𝑲𝑰𝑻
5.
Assessment
Directions: Using the figure below, give only one example for each item. Be sure
to use proper notations and symbols. (1 point each)
7
Application
At this point, you need to apply your knowledge on circles which will
demonstrate your understanding of the different terms you learned from this lesson.
Follow the following task:
a. Draw 3 objects that you know where chords, central angles, arcs and inscribed
angles are present.
b. Formulate 2 situations that involves chords, central angles, arcs and inscribed
angles.
Generalization/ Synthesis
Post Assessment
Directions: Analyze the figure below. Label the following with their proper
notation and give example/s. Item 1 is already done for you. (1 point each)
4. Term: ______
Example/s:______
D
B
3. Term: ______
Example/s:______
C 6.Term: ______
Example/s:______
5. Term: ______
Example/s:______
8
Lesson
Arcs and Central Angles
2
Overview
Congratulations for reaching this far! In this lesson, you will explore the
relationship between arcs and central angles. This module allows you to apply your
prior knowledge and skills on circles and its related concepts. As you go over the
exercises, you will be able to discover the relationship of arcs and angles.
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
Before you proceed to the activities, prepare all the needed learning materials (such
as your math activity notebook, scratch paper, pen/pencil and calculator). Enjoy!
.
Pre - Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write it on a separate sheet of paper. (1 point each)
_____1. What do you call that arc that is always equal to half of the circle’s
circumference?
A. intercepted arc B. minor arc
C. major arc D. semicircle
_____2. If the measure of the minor arc is 86 , then what would be the measure
of the major arc?
A. 86 B. 2
C. D.
_____3. It is an arc that is equal to the measure of its central angle which
intercepts the arc.
A. major arc B. intercepted arc
C. minor arc D. semicircle
_____4. What is the sum of the measure of the central angles of a circle with no
common interior points?
A. 120 B.
C. D.
9
_____5.The measure of an arc is ____ to the measure of the central angle that
intercepts it.
A. equal B. one-half C. not equal D. twice
For items 7-10, find the measure of the arc or central angle indicated in the
figure at the right.
of
of
A. 30 B. 90 C. 120 D. 180
of
A. 27 B. 34 C. 37 D. 74
_____10. The measure of is _____.
A. 90 B. 100 C. 120 D. 180
Prior Knowledge
Directions: Read each statement carefully and determine whether each statement is
always, sometimes, or never true. Put a check (✓) mark on the box of
your answer. Explain your reasoning.
10
Presentation
Directions: Read and analyze the situation below. Answer the questions that follow.
Jane bought a pizza for her six children. We
named them A, B, C, D, E and F. She wants to
divide it equally to them as seen in the figure at
the right.
Concept Development
The table below shows some of the relationships among arcs and central
angles. Take time to read and understand. Examples are provided.
The degree
measure of a
minor arc is equal
to the measure of
the central angle
which intercepts it.
11
The degree
measure of a major
arc is equal to 360
minus the measure
of the minor arc or
central angle.
90
Arc Addition
Postulate
CHART TITLE
The sum of the measures of the
Sum of the central angles of a circle with no
Measures of the common interior points is 360
1 2
Central Angle
3
degrees.
In mathematical symbol; m +
m + m = 360
Example. Refer to the figure at the
left. Find the m .
Solutions:
m + m + m =
360
+ = 360
+ 240 = 360
= 120
12
Congruent Circles and Congruent Arcs
Example 1:
Congruent Circles
is a radius of circle B.
is a radius of circle N.
If ,then ⊙B N.
Example 2:
is 3 cm in circle M and
is also 3 cm in circle N.
If ,then ⊙M Y.
Congruent Arcs
Example
13
Activities
Directions: Use the diagram at the right to find each measure. Show your
complete solutions on a separate sheet of paper. (3 points each)
1.
2.
3.
Directions: Use the Ferris wheel below to solve each problem. Show your
complete solutions on a separate sheet of paper. (3 points each)
14
Assessment
Directions: Do the procedures below to showcase what you can do from the
concept you have learned in this lesson.
1. The graph on the right shows the results Female Sporting Activity
of a survey in which 50 female students
of Iba Integrated School were asked of E
their preferred sporting activity.
A
Based on the circle graph. Answer
the following questions.
O 1
Figure
B
a. What would be the measure of the
arc formed by softball and volleyball?
Application
2. In the circle graph, what is the measure of the central angle corresponding to
each item?
15
Generalization/ Synthesis
Through this lesson, you were able to determine the measures of the central
angle and its intercepted arc. You are also given the opportunity to create and apply
the different geometric relationships between arcs and central angles in solving real-
life situations. the concepts below help you determine the relationship between arcs
and central angles.
1. The degree measure of a minor arc is equal to the measure of the central
angle which intercepts it.
2. The degree measure of a major arc is equal to 360 minus the measure of the
minor arc or central angle.
3. The sum of the measures of the central angles of a circle with no common
interior points is 360 degrees.
4. Circles are congruent if their radii are congruent.
Post Assessment
Non-Routine Problem. The angle in a circle is divided into 5 parts with measures
,3 , 4 , 5 . What are the measures of each angle? Explain how you arrived
at your answer.
16
Lesson
Arcs and Inscribed Angles
3
Overview
Congratulations for reaching this far! You are now on the last lesson of this
module. This is another angle in a circle that is very important in the study of circle –
the inscribed angle. As you go through this lesson, you will encounter theorems and
activities that will help you find the measure of an inscribed angles and its
intercepted arc and use it in solving problems. Have fun in learning!
Objectives
Before you proceed to the activities, prepare all the needed materials (such as
your math activity notebook, scratch paper, pen/pencil and calculator). You can do it!
Pre - Assessment
Directions. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the letter of on the space provided before each number.
17
For items 6-7, refer to the figure on the right.
_____6. In circle I, what is the m KTE if
m KIE= 60 ?
A. 30
B. 60
C. 90
D. 120
_____7. What is the measure of
A. 25 B. 30
C. 60 D.120
_____8. If an angle inscribed in a circle has a measure of 55 , then its
intercepted arc has a measure of ____.
A. 90 B. 180
C. 110 D. 255
For items 9-10, refer to the figure at the right.
_____9. If the measure of IHL = 82 , what is the
measure of IKL?
A. 62 B. 98
C. D.180
Prior Knowledge
b. How did you identify and name the angles and its intercepted arcs?
18
Presentation
Directions: Based on the figure below, name the inscribed angles, central angles,
and intercepted arcs. Use what you have learned in the preceding lessons to answer
the following.
Concept Development
19
Theorem 2. If two
inscribed angles of a
circle intercept the Find the measure of NIE.
same arc, then the Solutions:
angles are
congruent.
Therefore,
NIE =
= (20 -4)
= 16
Theorem 3. If an
inscribed angle
intercepts a diameter
or semicircle, then the Find the value of x.
angle is a right angle.
Solution:
m = 90
= 90
= 15
Quadrilateral LPMO is
Theorem 4. If a inscribed in , then
quadrilateral is OL + = 180 and
inscribed in a circle, + = 180
then its opposite angles
are supplementary.
20
Find the value of .
Solution:
+ =180
+ =180
=168 ,
=21
Thus,
=
= 105
Now you know the important ideas about this lesson, let’s go deeper by
answering the next activities. If you have an internet connection, you can watch
the videos below for further understanding about arcs and central angles.
1. https://youtu.be/3UyHFisKelk
2. https://youtu.be/ZzBa3h_6Smk
Activities
Directions: Find the value of x in each circle on the left. Item 1 is done as an
example. (1 point each)
1. = _____ 2. = _____ 4.
3. +
= _____
21
Activity 4: My Mind’s Going in Circles!
Directions: Find the measures of the indicated angle or arc below. (1 point each)
1. 2. 3.
Assessment
2. 3.
4. 5.
Short Essay.
Application
22
Generalization/Synthesis
• Theorem 2. If two inscribed angles of a circle intercept the same arc, then
the angles are congruent.
Post Assessment
Matching Type. Match column A to column B. Write the letter of your answer on the
space provided before each number. Use the given figures as
your reference and then answer the question that follows
23
Answer Key
24