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Math 10 - Deriving Deductively The Relations

Deriving Deductively the Relations
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
454 views28 pages

Math 10 - Deriving Deductively The Relations

Deriving Deductively the Relations
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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10
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 3

Deriving Inductively the Relations Among


Chords, Arcs, Central and Inscribed Angles

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines


Mathematics- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Deriving Inductively the Relations Among
Chords, Arcs, Central and Inscribed Angle
Fifth Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education


Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones

Development Team of the Module


Author/s: Cheryl May T. Amarga
Reviewers: Rhodel A. Lamban, PhD
Elbert R. Francisco, PhD
Alicia P. Micayabas, PhD
Jasmin Sulatan

Illustrator and Layout Artist: Cheryl May T. Amarga


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Members: Elbert R. Francisco, PhD, Chief, CID


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Website: depedbukidnon.net.ph
10
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 3

Deriving Inductively the Relations Among


Chords, Arcs, Central and Inscribed Angles

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and


reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
bukidnon@deped.gov.ph. We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education-Division of Bukidnon ● Republic of the Philippines


Table of Contents
PAGE
COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Lesson 1: Introduction to Arithmetic Sequence

Overview 1
Pre - Assessment 1
Prior Knowledge 2
Presentation 3
Concept Development 3
Activities 6
Assessment 7
Application 8
Generalization 8
Post Assessment 8

Lesson 2: Finding the nth term and arithmetic means

Overview 9
Pre - Assessment 9
Prior Knowledge 10
Presentation 11
Concept Development 11
Activities 14
Assessment 15
Application 15
Generalization 16
Post Assessment 16

Lesson 3: Extending an Arithmetic Sequence

Overview 17
Pre - Assessment 17
Prior Knowledge 18
Presentation 19
Concept Development 19
Activities 21
Assessment 22
Application 22
Generalization 23
Post Assessment 23

ANSWER KEY 30
REFERENCES 30

0
Lesson
Terms Related to Circle
1
Overview

What would our lives be like without shapes like circles? Will we have the
same design of buses as our mode of transport? How about other vehicles, such as
bikes and personal cars? What if circles do not exist in the world of sports? What will
athletes use to compete in various sporting activities, such as basketball, tennis,
volleyball, and the like? How about the machines that run our production and
exchange?

Circles, no doubt, play a huge part in our day-to-day lives. Circles are
interesting. Unlike any other shapes, these do not contain edges, but form arcs and
angles. You are already familiar with geometrical figures, specifically circle. This
lesson covers the basic terminologies related to circle. As you go through the lesson,
you will gain a wider understanding on identifying and illustrating a circle and its
components. Activities are stipulated in your perusal. Godspeed!

Objectives
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. illustrate a circle and its related concepts; and


2. give examples of chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles of a circle.

Before you proceed to the activities, prepare all the needed materials (such as
your math activity notebook, scratch paper, and pen/pencil) to explore and learn.

Pre - Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper. (1 point each)
_____1. Which of the following refers to an angle whose vertex is on the circle
and whose sides contain chords of the circle?
A. central angle B. inscribed angle
C. supplementary angle D. complementary angle
_____2. A Circle is a set of all points that are equidistant from a specific point.
What do you call this specific point ?
A. Angle B. Radius C. Center D. Point

1
_____3. What do you call this symbol ?
A. Arc B. Line C. Curve D. segment
_____4. What arc measures greater than 180 degrees?
A. central arc B. minor arc C. major arc D. semicircle
_____5. Which of the following is an arc that measures less than 180 degrees?
A. central arc B. minor arc C. major arc D. semicircle
For items 6-10, refer to the figure below.
_____6. In , what does represents?
A. central angle
B. chord
C. inscribed angle
D. intercepted arc
_____7. is a _____ of circle B.
A. central angle B. minor arc C. major arc D.semicircle
_____8. Which of the following does represents?
A. central angle B. minor arc C. major arc D. semicircle
_____9. is a ____ of circle B.
A. central angle B. diameter C. chord D. radius
_____10. What does represents in circle B?
A. central angle B. inscribed angle C. chord D. intercepted arc

Prior Knowledge

Activity 1. Fun Word Search!

Find and cross out all the words related to circle listed below. The words may go
horizontally, vertically, diagonally, and backwards. Have Fun!
ARCS M X B C M O P I A B D U C L W M
CIRCLE A E G U A T Y B W R J U R B K I
CENTER A L D N J L F A O D C M Y E G N
INTERCEPTS N C S Y O E E H E M V S N L S O
MAJOR ARC G R G Q R A C N F Y B S L G H R
INSCRIBED ANGLE L I T H A C J Z B H T E A N D A
MINOR ARC E C F W R O Y A I P F B G A C R
S I N S C R I B E D A N G L E C
SEMICIRCLE
F M F Y L V T C W C V K K A N T
CHORD
O E W Q P D R D L M K V X R T V
CENTRAL ANGLE
P S N A W E E L C R I C W T E G
CONGRUENT
H I H Z T I I Z D Q Y U X N R L
ANGLES
W L T N C O N G R U E N T E J Z
A B I A P C M G H D P B A C N S

2
Presentation

Let’s explore!

Before we discuss the mathematical definition of the chords, arcs, inscribed


angles and central angles, let us visualize it first.

Imagine that you are sitting on a bench at the center of a perfectly round
garden. There are three people in your family standing at different places around
the garden. One to your right, another to your left and the last one is in front of you.
When a line is drawn from you to the person in front of you and another line from
you to the person on your left, you formed a central angle. Amazing, isn’t it?

Now, let us continue. When a line is drawn from the person to your left to the
person in front of you, that straight line is what we called a chord. Therefore, a
chord is a straight line from one point of the circle to the other.

How about arc? Arc is a curve shape, which is the distance around the
surface of the circular garden. When the person on your left runs toward the person
on your right while following the garden’s wall, then that person has created an arc.
If you draw two lines from the person on your left going to the person on your right
and to the person in front of you, it forms an inscribed angle.

How do you find the activity? If you have


questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher. If you
comprehend it, you may proceed to the next part of
the lesson.

Concept Development

In geometry, a circle is a set of all points equidistant from a given point called
the center. It is named by its center and indicated by the symbol ⊙. Example, ⊙P
can be read as circle with center P. The measure of the entire circle is 360 .

Below are some of the terms related to circle. Find out the definitions and
examples that will help you identify and describe chords, arcs, central angles,
inscribed angle, and intercepted arc.

My dear learner, are you excited to discover more


about the circles? If the illustrations on the next page are
not clear, do not hesitate to ask assistance from your
teacher. Have fun!

3
Terms
Related to Figure Discussion/ Explanation
Circle
A chord is a segment which endpoints are on
a given circle.
A
Chord D
B Example: segment AC or is a chord of
⊙B.
C
Arc is a part of a circumference of a circle. It
is named by their endpoints and can be read
clockwise or counterclockwise. The symbol
for arc is .
A
Arcs Example:
D The curve from point D to point A is an arc.
Which can be read as “arc DA or ”. Other
B
example of arcs in the left figure are
C

Types of Arc
Types of Arc Figure Explanation
A Semicircle is an arc with a measure equal
A
to one-half ( ) of the circumference of a circle.
D Its measure is 180 . It is named using two or
B
Semicircle three endpoints of the arc.
C
Examples:
The measure of a Minor arc is less than a
semicircle or 180 . It is named using two
endpoints of the arc or three endpoints as
D long as it measures less than 180 .
Minor arc B
C Example 1:

Example 2. What are the minor arcs of the


A circle B?
B C Solution:
D
4
A A major arc is an arc of a circle that
measures greater than the semicircle. It
D
measures greater than 180 but less than
B 360 . To indicate the major arc, we must
include the point between the endpoints of
C the arc.
Major arc
Example 1:
D
Example 2. What are the major arcs of circle
B?
B

A C Solution:

An Intercepted arc is the arc that lies in the


interior of an angle and has endpoints on the
angle.

Example 1: is the intercepted arc of angle


Intercepted .
A
Arc
Example 2:
is the intercepted arc of angle .
B
C

ANGLES
A central angle is an angle whose vertex is
Central angle A at the center of the circle. The sides of the
Central
D angle angle contain two radii of the circle.

B Example: angle ABC or is the central


C angle of ⊙B.

Inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is


on the circle and whose sides contain
chords of the circle.
Inscribed Angle
Example: is the inscribed angle of
⊙B.

5
Points of the Inscribed Angle

If you have an internet connection, you can watch the


videos below for further understanding about circle.

1. https://youtube.com/watch?v=rrj5k_lyA-I&feature=share
2. https://youtu.be/ZzBa3h_6Smk

Activities

Activity 2: Name Me!

Directions: Each item represents the different parts of ⊙O. Choose the answer on
the box provided and then answer the questions that follow. Number 1 is
done as an example. (1 point each)

central angle semicircle


major arc inscribed angle
chord minor arc

central angle 1.
___________2.
___________3.
___________4.
___________5.
__________ 6.

6
Activity 3: You Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the following table. Use your skills in the previous discussion
to answer the following. (1 point each)

Terms Figure Example/s


Circle 1.
⊙P

2.

∠CBA

Semicircle

3.

Inscribed angle 4.
∠𝑲𝑰𝑻
5.

Were you amazed with your performance in


all activities? I hope you are doing great! You can
do it! Continue moving on!

Assessment

Activity 4. Find Me!

Directions: Using the figure below, give only one example for each item. Be sure
to use proper notations and symbols. (1 point each)

_______1. 1 inscribed angle


_______2. 1 major arc
_______3. 1 central angle
_______4. 1 chord
_______5. 1 minor arc

7
Application

Activity 5. Challenge Yourself!

At this point, you need to apply your knowledge on circles which will
demonstrate your understanding of the different terms you learned from this lesson.
Follow the following task:

a. Draw 3 objects that you know where chords, central angles, arcs and inscribed
angles are present.
b. Formulate 2 situations that involves chords, central angles, arcs and inscribed
angles.

Generalization/ Synthesis

Let’s sum it up! In this module, you have learned that:

1. A circle is a collection of all points equidistant from a given point.


2. A chord is a segment which endpoints are on a given circle.
3. Arc is a part of a circumference of a circle. A Minor arc is an arc of a circle that
measures less than180 . A Major arc is an arc of a circle that measures greater
than the semicircle. A Semicircle is an arc with a measure equal to 180
4. Intercepted arc is the arc that lies in the interior of an angle.
5. A central angle is an angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle.
6. Inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on the circle and whose sides
contain chords of the circle.

Post Assessment

Directions: Analyze the figure below. Label the following with their proper
notation and give example/s. Item 1 is already done for you. (1 point each)

1. Term: Minor Arc 2. Term: ______


Example/s:______
Example/s:
A

4. Term: ______
Example/s:______
D
B
3. Term: ______
Example/s:______
C 6.Term: ______
Example/s:______

5. Term: ______
Example/s:______

8
Lesson
Arcs and Central Angles
2
Overview

Congratulations for reaching this far! In this lesson, you will explore the
relationship between arcs and central angles. This module allows you to apply your
prior knowledge and skills on circles and its related concepts. As you go over the
exercises, you will be able to discover the relationship of arcs and angles.

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. discover the relationship between arcs and central angles;


2. find the measure of the central angle and its intercepted arc; and
use the relationship of arcs and central angle to solve real-life problems

Before you proceed to the activities, prepare all the needed learning materials (such
as your math activity notebook, scratch paper, pen/pencil and calculator). Enjoy!
.

Pre - Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write it on a separate sheet of paper. (1 point each)

_____1. What do you call that arc that is always equal to half of the circle’s
circumference?
A. intercepted arc B. minor arc
C. major arc D. semicircle
_____2. If the measure of the minor arc is 86 , then what would be the measure
of the major arc?
A. 86 B. 2
C. D.
_____3. It is an arc that is equal to the measure of its central angle which
intercepts the arc.
A. major arc B. intercepted arc
C. minor arc D. semicircle
_____4. What is the sum of the measure of the central angles of a circle with no
common interior points?
A. 120 B.
C. D.

9
_____5.The measure of an arc is ____ to the measure of the central angle that
intercepts it.
A. equal B. one-half C. not equal D. twice

For items 7-10, find the measure of the arc or central angle indicated in the
figure at the right.

of

of
A. 30 B. 90 C. 120 D. 180
of

A. 27 B. 34 C. 37 D. 74
_____10. The measure of is _____.
A. 90 B. 100 C. 120 D. 180

Prior Knowledge

Activity 1. Always, Sometimes or Never True?

Directions: Read each statement carefully and determine whether each statement is
always, sometimes, or never true. Put a check (✓) mark on the box of
your answer. Explain your reasoning.

Statement Always Sometimes Never Reason


1. The measure of minor arc is less
than 180 degrees.
2. The vertex of the central angle is
on the center of the circle.
3. If a central angle is obtuse, its
corresponding arc is a major arc.
4. Semicircle is named using two
endpoints on the arc.
5. Circles are congruent if their radii
have the different measures.

10
Presentation

Activity 2: Think it over!

Directions: Read and analyze the situation below. Answer the questions that follow.
Jane bought a pizza for her six children. We
named them A, B, C, D, E and F. She wants to
divide it equally to them as seen in the figure at
the right.

1. What are the measures of each angle


formed in the sliced pizza?

2. How about the degree measures of each


arc along the pizza?

3. What is the total arc measure of the slices


containing D, E and F?

My dear learner, are you excited to explore the


concept of arcs and angles? If the illustrations in this
lesson are not clear, do not hesitate to ask assistance
from your teacher. Have fun!

Concept Development

The table below shows some of the relationships among arcs and central
angles. Take time to read and understand. Examples are provided.

Measure of Arc Figures Mathematical symbol


and Angles

The degree
measure of a
minor arc is equal
to the measure of
the central angle
which intercepts it.

11
The degree
measure of a major
arc is equal to 360
minus the measure
of the minor arc or
central angle.

90

A semicircle Its measure is 180 .


is always equal to A Example:
half of the circle’s C = 180
circumference.
D

Arc Addition
Postulate

CHART TITLE
The sum of the measures of the
Sum of the central angles of a circle with no
Measures of the common interior points is 360
1 2
Central Angle
3
degrees.
In mathematical symbol; m +
m + m = 360
Example. Refer to the figure at the
left. Find the m .
Solutions:
m + m + m =
360
+ = 360
+ 240 = 360
= 120

12
Congruent Circles and Congruent Arcs

Circles are congruent if their radii


are congruent.

Example 1:
Congruent Circles
is a radius of circle B.
is a radius of circle N.
If ,then ⊙B N.

Example 2:

is 3 cm in circle M and
is also 3 cm in circle N.
If ,then ⊙M Y.

In a circle or congruent circles,


congruent arcs have congruent
measures.

Congruent Arcs
Example

Are the examples clear to you? If you have some


questions in mind, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher. If
you don’t have problem with the topic, you may now
proceed to the activities prepared for you. You can do it
kid! Enjoy!

13
Activities

Activity 3: Missing Measure!

Directions: Use the diagram at the right to find each measure. Show your
complete solutions on a separate sheet of paper. (3 points each)

1.

2.

3.

Activity 4: Can You Do It?

Directions: Use the Ferris wheel below to solve each problem. Show your
complete solutions on a separate sheet of paper. (3 points each)

1. Find the measure of

2. Find the measure of

14
Assessment

Directions: Do the procedures below to showcase what you can do from the
concept you have learned in this lesson.

Activity 5. Challenge Yourself!

1. The graph on the right shows the results Female Sporting Activity
of a survey in which 50 female students
of Iba Integrated School were asked of E
their preferred sporting activity.
A
Based on the circle graph. Answer
the following questions.
O 1
Figure
B
a. What would be the measure of the
arc formed by softball and volleyball?

b. Describe the arc associated with C


Track & Field and Basketball. D

c. Are there any congruent arcs in the


graph? Explain.

Application

Activity 6: Let’s Do More!

Perform the following activities.


1. Create a family budget plan. Ask your parents how much your family income
is. Ensure to cover 360 degrees of a circle and is used when calculating the
angle measurement. Explain how you have applied your knowledge about
central angles and arcs of the circle in creating a graph.

2. In the circle graph, what is the measure of the central angle corresponding to
each item?

15
Generalization/ Synthesis

Through this lesson, you were able to determine the measures of the central
angle and its intercepted arc. You are also given the opportunity to create and apply
the different geometric relationships between arcs and central angles in solving real-
life situations. the concepts below help you determine the relationship between arcs
and central angles.

1. The degree measure of a minor arc is equal to the measure of the central
angle which intercepts it.
2. The degree measure of a major arc is equal to 360 minus the measure of the
minor arc or central angle.
3. The sum of the measures of the central angles of a circle with no common
interior points is 360 degrees.
4. Circles are congruent if their radii are congruent.

Post Assessment

Non-Routine Problem. The angle in a circle is divided into 5 parts with measures
,3 , 4 , 5 . What are the measures of each angle? Explain how you arrived
at your answer.

16
Lesson
Arcs and Inscribed Angles
3
Overview

Congratulations for reaching this far! You are now on the last lesson of this
module. This is another angle in a circle that is very important in the study of circle –
the inscribed angle. As you go through this lesson, you will encounter theorems and
activities that will help you find the measure of an inscribed angles and its
intercepted arc and use it in solving problems. Have fun in learning!

Objectives

At the end of this module, you are expected to:


a. differentiate inscribe angles from central angles;
b. find the measure of an inscribed angle and its intercepted arc; and
c. use inscribed angles and their properties to solve problems.

Before you proceed to the activities, prepare all the needed materials (such as
your math activity notebook, scratch paper, pen/pencil and calculator). You can do it!

Pre - Assessment

Directions. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the letter of on the space provided before each number.

_____1. The measure of the intercepted arc is _______the measure of the


inscribed angle.
A. equal B. not equal C. one-half D. twice
_____2. If two ____ of a circle intercept the same arc, then they are congruent.
A. central angles B. chords C. inscribed angles D. intercepted arcs
_____3. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are____
A. equal B. not equal C. right D. supplementary
_____4. If an inscribed angle intercepts a diameter or semicircle, then the angle
is a/n ____ angle.
A. equal B. not equal C. right D. supplementary
_____5. The measure of the inscribed angle is ___ the measure of the central
angle.
A. equal B. not equal C. one-half D. twice

17
For items 6-7, refer to the figure on the right.
_____6. In circle I, what is the m KTE if
m KIE= 60 ?
A. 30
B. 60
C. 90
D. 120
_____7. What is the measure of
A. 25 B. 30
C. 60 D.120
_____8. If an angle inscribed in a circle has a measure of 55 , then its
intercepted arc has a measure of ____.
A. 90 B. 180
C. 110 D. 255
For items 9-10, refer to the figure at the right.
_____9. If the measure of IHL = 82 , what is the
measure of IKL?
A. 62 B. 98
C. D.180

_____10. What is the total measure of HLK and HIK? H


A. 60 B. 90
C. D.180

Prior Knowledge

Activity 1. Name Them All!


Directions: Name the angles and their intercepted arcs in the figure below. Answer
the questions that follow.

_____________1. Name the circle


_____________2. Name all inscribed angles
_____________3. Name all central angles
_____________4. Name all intercepted arcs
associated with the
angles.
Questions:
a. Were you able to name all the angles and arcs of the figure?

b. How did you identify and name the angles and its intercepted arcs?

18
Presentation

Activity 2. Naming Arcs and Angles…

Directions: Based on the figure below, name the inscribed angles, central angles,
and intercepted arcs. Use what you have learned in the preceding lessons to answer
the following.

a.) inscribed angle/s:_________


b.) central angle/s: _________
c.) intercepted arc/s: _________

Concept Development

Recall on the definition of Inscribed Angles and Intercepted Arcs

Term Related to Diagram Discussion


Circle

Inscribed angle is an angle which


vertex is on the circle and sides
Inscribed Angle contain chords of the circle.

Example: is the inscribed


angle of the figure.

Intercepted arc is the arc that lies


Intercepted Arc in the interior of an inscribed angle
and has endpoints on the angle.

Theorems on Inscribed Angle

Theorem Diagram Example


Theorem 1.
The measure of
the inscribed angle is
equal to one-half of its
intercepted arc (or the
measure of the
intercepted arc is twice
the measure of the
inscribed angle).

19
Theorem 2. If two
inscribed angles of a
circle intercept the Find the measure of NIE.
same arc, then the Solutions:
angles are
congruent.

Therefore,
NIE =
= (20 -4)
= 16

Theorem 3. If an
inscribed angle
intercepts a diameter
or semicircle, then the Find the value of x.
angle is a right angle.
Solution:
m = 90
= 90
= 15

Quadrilateral LPMO is
Theorem 4. If a inscribed in , then
quadrilateral is OL + = 180 and
inscribed in a circle, + = 180
then its opposite angles
are supplementary.

20
Find the value of .

Solution:

+ =180
+ =180
=168 ,
=21

Thus,
=
= 105
Now you know the important ideas about this lesson, let’s go deeper by
answering the next activities. If you have an internet connection, you can watch
the videos below for further understanding about arcs and central angles.

1. https://youtu.be/3UyHFisKelk
2. https://youtu.be/ZzBa3h_6Smk

Activities

Activity 3. Fun with Circles

Directions: Find the value of x in each circle on the left. Item 1 is done as an
example. (1 point each)

1. = _____ 2. = _____ 4.
3. +
= _____

21
Activity 4: My Mind’s Going in Circles!

Directions: Find the measures of the indicated angle or arc below. (1 point each)

1. 2. 3.

Assessment

Directions: Complete the table below. (1 point each)

Measure of the Measure of the central Measure of the


intercepted arc angle inscribed angle.
1.

2. 3.

4. 5.

Short Essay.

What is the relationship between an inscribed angle and its intercepted


arc? How about central angle and inscribed angle? Give at least one real-life
scenario which deals with arcs and inscribed angles.

Application

Directions: Do the following activities.


a. Draw a quadrilateral KITE inscribed in a circle.
b. Write two equations that shows the relationship between the angles.

22
Generalization/Synthesis

• Theorem 1. The measure of the inscribed angle is equal to one-half of its


intercepted arc (or the measure of the intercepted arc is twice the measure
of the inscribed angle).

• Theorem 2. If two inscribed angles of a circle intercept the same arc, then
the angles are congruent.

• Theorem 3. If an inscribed angle intercepts a diameter or semicircle, then the


angle is a right angle.

• Theorem 4. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles


are supplementary.

Post Assessment

Matching Type. Match column A to column B. Write the letter of your answer on the
space provided before each number. Use the given figures as
your reference and then answer the question that follows

23
Answer Key

24

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