THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.

1 –

CHAPTER – 12 – THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

1. Equation of a line :
a. Vector equation of a line through a given point A and parallel to a given vector m  is
  
r  a  m .
b. Cartesian equations of a straight line through the point (x1, y1, z1) with direction ratios
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
a, b, c are   .
a b c

36 N
These are called symmetrical form of the equations of a line.
c. Vector equation of a straight line passing through two given points whose position

A
    
vectors are a and b is r  a   b  a ,   R . e j

58 D
d. Cartesian equations of a straight line passing through two given points (x1, y1, z1) and
1 xx
1 1 yy zz
(x2, y2, z2) are x  x  y  y  z  z

A
2 1 2 1 2 1

2.
65 M
Collinearity of Three points : Three points are collinear if one of the points satisfies the
equation of the line passing through the remaining two points.

3. Angle between Two lines :

10 H

 
a. In vector form : Angle  between two lines, r1  a 1  b1 and r2  a 2  b 2 is given

F b . b I
98 ES

by   cos
1
GG b b
1 2
JJ .
H 1 2 K
 
Condition of perpendicularity : b1. b 2 = 0
J

 
Condition of parallelism : b1  b 2 for some scalar .
A

b. In cartesian form : Angle  between two lines

x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 x  x  1 y  y  1 z  z 1
R

  and   is given by
a1 a2 a3 b1 b2 b3

F I
  cos1 GG a 1 b1  a 2 b 2  a 3 b 3
JJ
H a 12  a 22  a 23 b12  b 22  b 23 K
Condition of perpendicularity : a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 = 0
1 2 3 a a a
Condition of parallelism : b  b  b
1 2 3

 
4. Shortest Distance between Two lines : If r  a1  b1 and r  a 2  b 2 are the vector
equations of the two lines, then shortest distance between the lines is given by :
 
b  b j  ba g
 
d
e 1
 
2 2  a1
b1  b 2

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Condition for the given lines to intersect : If the given lines intersect, the S.D. between
them is zero.
 
eb 1 jb g
 
 b2  a 2  a1  0
 
i.e., ba 2  a g  eb  b j  0

1 1 2

x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
Condition in cartesian form : The two given lines   and
a1 b1 c1

x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1

36 N
x  x2 y  y2 z  z2 a1 b1 c1 0
 
a2 b2 c 2 will intersect if :

A
a2 b2 c2

58 D
5. Distance between two parallel lines : Let the vector equations of the two parallel lines be
     
r  a 1  b and r  a 2  b . Then the distance ‘d’ between these lines is given by :

A
  
d
b
b  a 2  a1

65 M g
b .

6. Equation of a plane :
10 H

(a) When the normal to the plane and the distance of the plane from the origin are given:
i. Vector equation of a plane at a distance ‘d’ from the origin and normal to unit vector n
98 ES

is given by r . n  d .
ii. Cartesian equation of a plane is  x + my + nz = d, where  , m, n are direction cosines
of the normal to the plane and d is the length of the perpendicular from origin to the
plane.
J

If A, B, C are direction ratios of the normal to the plane, then equation of the plane is
Ax + By + Cz = D.
A

(b) When the plane is passing through a given point and perpendicular to a given vector:
Vector equation of a plane passing through a point with position vector a and perpendicular to
R

  

the vector N is given by r  a . N  0 . b g
Cartesian equation of a plane passing through a point (x 1 , y1 , z 1 ) is
(x - x1)a + (y - y1)b + (z - z1)c = 0, where a, b, c are the direction ratios of the normal to the
plane.
(c) When the plane is passing through a given point and parallel to two given lines :
i. Vector equation of a plane passing through a point with position vector a and parallel
 
     
b g d
to the lines r  a  b and r  a  b is given by r  a  b  b  0 . i
ii. Cartesian equation of a plane passing through (x1, y1, z1) and parallel to the lines with
direction ratios a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2 is given by
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
a1 b1 c1 0
a2 b2 c2

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.3 –

(d) Containing two given lines :

   
i. Vector equation of a plane coutaining the given lines r  a  b and r  a   b  is
   
b gd i
given by r  a . b  b   0 .

x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
ii. Cartesian equation of a plane containing the given lines  
a1 b1 c1 and

x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
x  x2 y  y2 z  z2

36 N
  a1 b1 c1 0
a2 b2 c 2 is given by
a2 b2 c2

A
(e) Passing through three given points :
i. Vector equation of a plane passing through three given points with position vectors

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   
   b gd i b g  
a , b and c is given by r  a b  a  c  a  0

A
ii. Cartesian equation of a plane pasing through three given points (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2)
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
65 M
and (x3, y3, z3) is given by x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1  0
x 3  x1 y 3  y1 z 3  z1
10 H

(f) Passing through the intersection of two given planes :

i. Vector equation of a plane passing through the intersection of the two given planes
 
b
  
g
98 ES

r . n1  d 1 and r . n 2  d 2 is given by r . n1  n 2  d 1  d 2 .
ii. Cartesian equation of a plane passing through the intersection of the two given planes
a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 z = d 1 and a 2 x + b 2y + c 2z = d 2 is given by
(a1x + b1y + c1z - d1) + (a2x + b2y + c2z - d2) = 0.
J

x y z
7 In the intercept form : Intercept form of the equation of a plane    1 , where a, b,
a b c
A

c are the intercepts on x, y and z axes respectively.

Condition of coplanarity of two lines :
R

   
(i) Vector form : If r  a  b and r  a   b  be the vector equations of two lines
   
b gd i
then a   a . b  b   0 is the condition of coplanrity of the two lines.
(ii) Cartesian form : Let a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2 be direction ratios of two lines and
(x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) be the points on these two lines respectively, then
x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1
a1 b1 c1 0
a2 b2 c2
is the condition of coplariarity of the two lines.
8. Angle between two planes :
 
(i) Vector form : If the equations of the two planes are r . n1  d 1 and r . n 2  d 2 then
 
n1. n 2
the angle  between them is given by cos   n n
1 2
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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.4 –
 
Condition of perpendicularity : n1 . n 2  0
 
Condition of parallelism : n1   n 2
(ii) Cartesian form : If the equations of the two planes are
a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0
and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0
Then angle q between these planes is given by
a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2
cos 
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c22

36 N
Condition of perpendicularity a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0

A
a1 b1 c1
Condition of parallelism : a  b  c
2 2 2

58 D
9. Angle between line and a plane :

Vector form : Let r  a  b be the equation of the line and r . n  d be the equation

A
(i)
of the plane.
65 M
Then angle between them is given by
 
b. n
sin    
bn
10 H

x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
(ii) Cartesian form : Let   be the equations of the line and
98 ES

a b c
lx + my + nz + d = 0 be the equation of the plane. Then the angle between them is given by
al  bm  cn
sin  
a 2  b 2  c 2 l 2  m2  n 2
J
A

10. Distance of a point from a plane :

(i) Vector form : Let position vector of the given point be a and the equation of the
given plane be r . n  d .
R

Then distance of the point from the plane is given by


distance = a. n  d
(ii) Cartesian form : Let P(x1, y1, z1) be the given point and equation oif the given plane
be Ax + By + Cz + D = 0.

Ax1  By1  Cz1  D

Then distance of P from the plane : .
A 2  B2  C 2

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SOME SOLVED EXAMPLES

x5 y4 z6
Ex1. The cartesian equation of a line is   . Find vector equation for the
3 7 2
line.
x5 y4 z6
Sol.  
3 7 2
The given line passes through (5, -4, 6) and is parallel to the vector 3i  7 j  2 k .

36 N

e
  
j e
  
 its vector equation is r  5i  4 j  6k   3i  7 j  2 k j

A
Ex2. Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (5, 1, 6) and (3, 4, 1) crosses

58 D
the yz plane.
Sol. Equation of the line through (5, 1, 6) and (3, 4, 1) are :

A
x  5 y 1 z  6
 
65 M3  5 4  1 1 6
x  5 y 1 z  6
or  
2 3 5
It crosses the yz - plane at the point where x = 0.
10 H

0 5 y 1 z  6
  
2 3 5
98 ES

3 5 17
 y 1 y
2 2
5  5 13
and z6 z
J

2 2
FG
17 13 IJ
A

H
 the required point is 0, 2 , 2 . K
R

Ex3. Find the vector equation of the line passing the point with position vector i  2 j  3k
and parallel to the line joining the points with position vectors i  j  4 k and 2 i  j  2 k .
Also find the cartesian form of the equation.
Sol. Let A, B, C be the points with position vectors i  2 j  3k , i  j  4 k and 2 i  j  2 k
respectively.

e j e j
  
BC  OC OB  2 i  j  2 k  i  j  4 k

= i  2 j  2 k
Equation of the line passing through A and parallel to BC is
   
e j
r  i  2 j  3k   i  2 j  2 k
Cartesian form of the above equation is

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x 1 y  2 z  3
 
1 2 2

x y z
Ex4. Find the angle between the following pair of lines :   and
2 2 2
x 5 y  2 z  3
  .
4 1 8

36 N
a 1b1  a 2 b 2  a 3b 3
cos 
Sol. a 12  a 22  a 23 b12  b 22  b 23

A
Here a1 = 2, a2 = 2, a3 = 1
and b1 = 4, b2 = 1, b3 = 8

58 D
2.4  2.1  18
. 18
 cos   
2 2  2 2  12 4 2  12  82 9 81


A 18 2

65 M 3.9 3
FG 2 IJ
  cos1
H 3K
10 H

x5 y2 z x y z
98 ES

Ex5. Show that the lines   and   are perpendicular to each other..
7 5 1 1 2 3
Sol. Two lines are  to each other if :
a1b1 + a2b2 +a3b3 = 0
Here a1 = 7, a2 = -5,a3 = 1
J

and b1 = 1, b2 = 2, b3 = 3
a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 = 7.1 + (-5).2 + 1.3
A

= 7 - 10 + 3 = 0
 the given lines are  to each other..
R

Ex6.

The vector equations of two lines are r  1  t i  t  2 j  3  2 t k and b g b g b g

b g b g b g
r  s  1 i  2s  1 j  2s  1 k . Find the shortest distance between these lines.
Sol. The S.D. between two lines is given by
   
d
d
b1  b 2 . a 2  a 1
 
ib g
b1  b 2

Given lines are : r b g b g b g

  1  t i| t  2 j  3  2 t k

= e i  2 j  3k j  te i  j  2 k j

r = bs  1gi  b2s  1gj  b2s  1gk

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e j e
= i  j  k  s i  2 j  2 k j
a1 = ˆi  2jˆ  3kˆ , a2 = i  j  k
b1 =  i  j  2 k , b2 = i  2 j  2 k
 
e j e
a 2  a 1  i  j  k  i  2 j  3k j
= j  4 k

36 N
ki j
  1 1 2

A
b1  b 2 =
1 2 2

58 D
= 2 i  4 j  3k
 
b g b g
A
b1  b 2  2 2  4 2  3 2

= 29
65 M  
d ib  
b1  b 2 . a 2  a 1 g = e2i  4 j  3k j.ej  4 k j
= 2 × 0 + (-4).1 + (-3) (-4)
10 H

= -4 + 12 = 8
8 8

98 ES

d =
29 29
x 1 y 1
Ex7. Determine whether the following pair of lines intersect :  z ;
2 3
J

x 1 y  2 z  2
  .
5 1 0
A

Sol. Condition for intersection of two lines is given by

R

x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1
a1 b1 c1 0
a2 b2 c2
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = 1
a2 = 5, b2 = 1 c2 = 0
x1 = 1, y1 = -1, z1 = 0
x2 = -1, y2 = 2, z2 = 2
x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1 2 3 2
a1 b1 c1 = 2 3 1
a2 b2 c2 5 1 0
= -2(0 - 1) -3 (0 - 5) + 2(2 - 15)
= 2 + 15 - 26 = -9  0

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.8 –


Ex8. e
Find the cartesian equation of the following plane : r 2 i  3j  4 k  1 . j
Sol.  is the position vector of any arbitrary point P(x, y, z) on the plane
r

 r  xi  yj  zk

 exi  yj  zk j.e2 i  3j  4k j = 1

i.e., 2x + 3y - 4z = 1
which is the required cartesian equation.

36 N
Ex9. Find the equation of the plane through the point (1, 4, -2) which is parallel to the plane
-2x + y - 3z = 0.

A
Sol. Since the plane is parallel to the plane -2x + y - 3z = 0, the direction ratios of the normal to the
plane are (-2, 1, -3).

58 D
Also, it passes through (1, 4, -2)
 required equation of the plane is (x - 1) (-2) + (y - 4) (1) + (z + 2) (-3) = 0

A
i.e., -2x + 2 + y - 4 - 3z - 6 = 0
or 65 M2x - y + 3z + 8 = 0

Ex10. Find the intercept cut off by the plane x + 2y - 2z = 9 with the axes.
Sol. x + 2y - 2z = 9
FG x  y  z  1IJ :
10 H

Equation of the plane in intercept form Ha b c K

98 ES

x y z
  1
9 9 9

2 2
J

9 9
Here a = 9, b= and 
2 2
A

Ex11. Find the angle between the planes 2x - y + z = 6 and x + y + 2z = 7.

R

Sol. Angle between two planes is given by :

a 1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2
cos = a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c 22
Here a1 = 2, b1 = -1, c1 = 1
and a2 = 1, b2 = 1, c2 = 2
b g
2.1  1 .1  12
.

3
cos = b g 2
2 2  1  12 12  12  2 2 6 6

1
=
2
FG 1 IJ  
H 2K 3
1
 = cos

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Ex12. If 4x + 4y - kz = 0 is the equation of the plane through the origin that contains the line
x 1 y 1 z
  , then find the value of k.
2 3 4
Sol. Let equation of the plane be
a(x - x1) + b(y - y1) + c(z - z1) = 0
Since it passes through origin :
a(x - 0) + b(y - 0) + c(z - 0) = 0
or ax + by + cz = 0
The given plane contains the line

36 N
x 1 y 1 z
 

A
2 3 4
whose d.r.s. are 2, 3, 4and which passes through (1, -1, 0)

58 D
 The plane passes through (1, -1, 0)
 a(1) + b(-1) + c(0) = 0
i.e., a - b = 0

A
Also, the normal to the plane is  to the given line.
 a(2) + b(3) + c(4) = 0
or
65 M a-b=0
On solving (i) and (ii)
a b c
 
10 H

4  0 0  4 3  2
a b c
98 ES

or  
4 4 5

 d.r.s. of the normal to the plane are (-4, -4, 5)

 Equation of the plane is :
J

-4x - 4y + 5z = 0
or 4x + 4y - 5z = 0
A

Comparing with the given equation

4x + 4y - kz = 0
R

we get k = 5

Ex13. Find the direction ratios of the normal to the plane passing through the point (2, 1, 3)
and the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y + z = 3 and 2x - y - z = 5.
Sol. Equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y + z = 3 and
2x - y - z = 5 is (x + 2y + z - 3) + (2x - y - z - 5) = 0.
Since it passes through (2, 1, 3)
 (2 + 2 + 3 - 3) + l(4 - 1- 3 - 5) = 0
 4-5=0
4
 
5
4
Putting   in (i)
5

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.10 –

4
(x + 2y + z - 3) + (2x - y - z - 5) = 0
5
 (5x + 10y + 5z - 15) + (8x - 4y - 4z - 20) = 0
 13x + 6y + z - 35 = 0
 d.r.s. of the normal to the plane are 13, 6, 1.

 
e j e j
Ex14. Find the angle between the plane r . 3i  4 j  5k  0 and r . 2 i  j  2 k  0 .
 

36 N
n1. n 2
Sol. Angle between two planes is given by cos   n n
1 2

A
 
Here n1  3i  4 j  5k and n 2  2 i  j  2 k

e 3i  4 j  5k j. e2 i  j  2 k j

58 D
cos  
3  b4g  5 2  b1g  b 2g
 2 2 2 2 2 2

A 3.2  b4gb 1g  b5gb 2g

65 M 
50 9
0

bg
  cos1 0 

10 H

2
98 ES
J
A
R

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.11 –

PRACTICE EXERCISE
Q.1 Find the distance between the points (3, –5, 4), (7, –8, 4).

Q.2 Show that the points (1, 2, 3), (4, 0, 4) and (–2, 4, 2) are collinear.

Q.3 A line passes through the points (6, –7, –1) and (2, –3, 1). Find a direction ratios and the
direction cosine of the line.

36 N
Q.4 The direction ratios of a line 1, 3, 2. Find its direction cosines.

A
Q.5 A, B, C are the points (1, 4, 2), (–2, 1, 2), (2, –3, 4). Find the angles of the triangle ABC.

58 D
Q.6 Calculate the cosine of the angle A of the triangle with vertices A(1, –1, 2), B(6, 11, 2) and
C (1, 2, 6).

Q.7

A
Find the co-ordinates of the point which divides the join of the points (2, –1, 3) and (4, 3, 1)
65 M
in the ratio of 3 : 4 internally.

Q.8 Two vertices of a triangle ABC are (2, –4, 3) and B(3, –1, –2) and its centroid is (1, 0, 3) ; find
10 H

the third vertex C.

98 ES

Q.9 Find the angle between two lines whose direction ratios are proportional to 1 , 2, 2 : 2, –3, 6.

Q.10 If the line through the points (4, 1, 2) and (5, m, 0) is parallel to the line through the points
J

(2, 1, 1) and (3, 3, –1), find m.

A

Q.11 A line passes through the point with position vector 2 i  j  4 k and is in the direction of
i  j  2 k . Find the equations of the line in vector and in cartesian form.
R

Q.12 Find the vector equation for the line through the points A(3, 4, –7) and (1, –1, 6).
x5 y4 z6
Q.13 The cartesian equations of a line are   . Find the vector equation of the
3 7 2
line.

Q.14 Find the co-ordinates of the point where the ine through A(3, 4, 1) and B(5, 1, 6) crosses
xy - plane.

Q.15 Find the equation of the line passing through the points (1, 2, –1) and (3, –1, 2). At what point
does it meet the yz - plane.

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.12 –

Q.16 The points P(4, 5, 10), Q(2, 3, 4) and R(1, 2, –1) are thee vertices of a parallelogram
PQRS. Find the vector and cartesian equations for the sides PQ and QR and find the
coordinates of S.

Q.17 (a) Find the vector equation of the line which passes through the point (1, 2, 3) and
parallel to the vector i  2 j  3k . Deduce the corresponding equation in cartesian
form.
(b) Find the vector equation of the line which passes through the point (3, 4, 5) and

36 N
parallel to the vector 2iˆ  2ˆj  3kˆ . Deduce the corresponding equation in cartesian
form.

A
Q.18 The cartesian equations of a line are 6X – 2 = 3Y + 1 = 2Z – 2. Find the direction ratios of the

58 D
line and write down the vector equation of the line through (2, –1, –1) which is parallel to the
given line.

A
Q.19 Find the cartesian equation of the line passing through (1, 2, 4) and parallel to the line

e j
65 M
2 i  3j  2 k  M 4 i  6 j  7 k .

Q.20 Find the equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and parallel to the line
10 H

x6 y2 z7

  .
12 4 5
98 ES

Q.21 Find the angle between the pair of lines :-

e j e
4 i  j  M 1  2 j  2 k and r  i  j  2 k  N 2 i  4 j  4 k j
J

Q.22 Find the angle between the pair of lines :-

A

x  4 y 1 z  3 x 1 y 1 z 5
  and  
3 5 4 1 1 2
R

Q.23 Find the angle between the pair of lines with direction ratios ; 1 : 1 : 2 and 3  1: 3  1: 4 .

Q.24 (a) Find the equation of line passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and perpendicular to two
x  8 y  19 z  10 x  15 y  29 z  5
lines :-   and   .
3 16 7 3 8 5
(b) Find the vector and cartesian equations of line through the point (1, 2, –4) and
perpendicular to two lines :-
 
      
r  8iˆ  19ˆj  10kˆ   3iˆ  16jˆ  7kˆ and r  15iˆ  29ˆj  5kˆ   3iˆ  8jˆ  5kˆ 
[C.B.S.E. 2016]

Q.25 Find the co-ordinates of the point where the line joining the points (2, – 3, 1) and (3, –4, –5)
cuts the plane 2x + y + z = 7.

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.13 –

x  3 y 1 z  2
Q.26 Show that the line   is perpendicular to the line
2 3 4

e
r  2 i  4 j  5k  M 2 i  4 j  2 k j
Q.27(a)Find the shortest distance between the lines whose equations are :

e j e j e
r  i  j  M 2 i  j  k and r  2 i  j  k  N 3i  5j  2 k j

36 N
Q.27(b)Find the shortest distance between the lines whose equations are :
            
      
r  4i  j   i  2 j  3k and r  i  j  2k   2i  4j  5k 

A
Q.28 Find the shortest distance between the lines whose equations are :

58 D
b g b g b
r  1  t  ˆi   t  2  ˆj   3  2t  kˆ and r  s  1 i  2s  1 j  2s  1 k g

b A
Q.29 Find the shortest distance between the lines whose equations are :
g b g b g b g b g b g
65 M
r  1  m i  2  m j  1  m k and r  2 1  n i  1  n j  1  2 n k

Q.30 Find the shortest distance between the lines whose equations are :
10 H

x 1 y  2 z  3 x2 y3 z5

  and  
2 3 4 3 4 5
98 ES

Q.31 Find the shortest distance between the straight line through the points A(6, 2, 2) and A’(–4, 0,
–1) in the direction of (1, –2 2) and (3, –2, –2) respectively.
J

Q.32 Find whether or not the two lines given below interest :-
b g b g b g b g b g b
r  2 m  1 i  m  1 j  m  1 k and r  3n  2 i  5n  5 j  2 n  1 k . g
A

Q.33 Prove that the following lines intersect and find their point of intersection :
R

x 5 y 7 z 3 x 8 y 4 z 5
  and   .
4 4 5 7 1 3

Q.34 Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (0, 2, 3) on the line :
x  3 y 1 z  4
  . Also find the length of the perpendicular..
5 2 3
x y 1 z  2
Q.35 Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line :  
1 2 3

Q.36 Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 4, –1) to the line :
x 5 y 3 z 6
 
1 4 9
Also find the co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular.

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.14 –

x 1 y 1 z 1 x  2 y 1 z 1
Q.37 Show that the lines   and   do not intersect.
3 2 5 4 3 2

Q.38 Find the equation of plane passing through (1, 2, 3) with drs of its normal as 4 : 7 : 6.

Q.39 Find the equation of plane passing through (1, 2, 3) which is parallel to another plane


r  4iˆ  7 ˆj  6kˆ  4

36 N
Q.40 Find the equation of plane passing through (1, 2, 3) which is perpendiclar to a line


r  3iˆ  4ˆj  2kˆ  M 4iˆ  7 ˆj  6kˆ 

A
58 D
Q.41 Find the equation of plane passing through (1 2, 3) which is parallel to the lines :
x4 y5 z3
  e
and r  2 i  j  N i  3j  4 k . j

A
3 3 2
65 M
Q.42 Find the equation of plane passing through the point (1, 3, –2) and perpendicular to the plane
x + 2y + 2z = 5 and 3x + 3y + 2z = 8.

Q.43 Find the equation of plane passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and parallel to a line
10 H

e j
r  3i  4 j  3k  M i  2 j  4 k and perpendicular to another plane 2x + 3y – 6z – 9 = 0.
98 ES

Q.44 Find the equation of plane passing through (1, 3, 5) ; (2, 5, 6) and (4, –1, –3).

Q.45 Find the equation of plane passing through (1, 3, 5), (2, 5, 6) and parallel to a line

e j
J

2 i  3k  H 3i  7 j  2 k
A

Q.46 Find the equation of plane passing through the points (–1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 1) and perpendicu-
lar to the plane x + 2y + 2z = 5.
R

Q.47 Find the equation of plane passing through the intersection of the two planes

e j
r. 4 i  5j  2 k  5 and 2x – 3y + 4z – 7 = 0 and the point (2, 5, 1).

Q.48 Find the equation of plane passing through the intersection of the two planes

e j
r. 4 i  5j  2 k  5 and 2x – 3y + 4z – 7 = 0 and which is perpendicular to another plane

r. e6i  7 j  3k j  5 .

Q.49 Find the equation of plane passing through the intersection of the two planes

e j
r. 4 i  5j  2 k  5 and 2x – 3y + 4z – 7 = 0 and which is parallel to a line

e
r  2 i  8j  7 k  M 6i  7 j  3k .j
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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.15 –

e j
Q.50 Find the angle between two planes r. 2 i  2 j  k  7 and 3x – 4y + 6z – 7 = 0.

x 4 y 5 z  7
Q.51 Find the angle between the plane 4x – 5y + z – 8 = 0 and the line   .
2 3 5

Q.52 Find the equation of plane which contains 2 lines i  j  M 2 i  4 j  7 k e j and

e j
i  j  N i  j  6 k .

e j e
Q.53 Find the equation of plane i  j  M 2 i  4 j  7 k  N 1  j  6 k j

36 N
Q.54 Find the distance of the point (1, –2, 3) from the plane x - 2y + 2z = 5.

A
Q.55 Prove that the points (1, 1, 1) and (–3, 0, 1) are equidistant from the plane :

58 D
3x + 4y – 12z + 13 = 0.
x 1 y  2 z  5

A
Q.56 Find the point where the line   meets the plane 2x + 4y – z = 29.
2 3 4
Q.57(a)Find the distance between the point with position vectors i  2 j  3k and the point of inter-
65 M
e j
section of the line i  2 j  5k  M 2 i  3j  4 k and the plane r. 2iˆ  4ˆj  kˆ  29 .
 
10 H

Q.57(b)Find the distance of the point (–1, –5, –10) from the point of intersection of the line
          
   
r  2i  j  2k   3i  4 j  2k and the plane r. i  j  k  5 . 
98 ES

Q.58 Find the co-ordinates of the point where the line joining the points (2, –3, 1) and (3, –4, –5)
cuts the plane 2x + y + z – 7 = 0
J

Q.59 Find the equation of plane which contains two parallel lines :
A

x4 y3 z2 x3 y2 z

  and   .
1 4 5 1 4 5
R

x  3 y 1 z  5 x 1 y  2 z  5
Q.60 Prove that the lines :   and   are coplaner..
3 1 5 1 2 5

e
Q.61 Find the distance between the lines l1 and l2 given by r  i  2 j  4 k   2 i  3j  6k and j
e j
r  3i  3j  5k   2 i  3j  6k .

1  x 7 y  14 z  3 7  7x y  5 6  z
Q.62 Find the values of p so that the lines   and   are
3 2p 2 3p 1 5
perpendicular to each other.

Q.63 Find the co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the plane
2x – 3y + 4z – 6 = 0.

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.16 –

Q.64 (a) Find the vector equation of a plane which is at a distance of 7 units fom the origin and
normal to the vector 3i  5j  6 k .
(b) Find the vector equation of a plane which is at a distance of 5 units fom the origin and
its normal vector is 2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ . [C.B.S.E. 2016]

Q.65 In the following cases, find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the
origin.

36 N
(a) 2x + 3y + 4z – 12 = 0 (b) 3y + 4z – 6 = 0
(c) x+ y+ z= 1 (d) 5y + 8 = 0

A
x 1 y  2 z  3 x 1 y 1 z  6
Q.66 If the lines   and   are perpendicular, find the value
3 2k 2 3k 1 5

58 D
of k.

e j


A
Q.67 If the points (1, 1, p) and (–3, 0, 1) be equidistant from the plane r . 3i  4 j  12 k  13  0 ,
then find the value of p.
65 M
Q.68 Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the

e 
j e j
planes r  i  j  k  1 and r . 2 i  3j  k  4  0 and parallel to x-axis.
10 H
98 ES

Q.69 Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the plane 2x – 3y + 4z – 5 = 0.

Q.70 Find the distance between the point P(6, 5, 9) and the plane determined by the points A(3,
–1, 2), B(5, 2, 4) and C(–1, –1, 6).
J

Q.71 Prove that if a plane has the intercepts a, b, c and is at a distance of p units from the origin, then
A

1 1 1 1
2
 2
 2
 .
a b c p2
R

x y2 z3 x  2 y 6 z 3
Q.72 Show that the lines   and   are coplanar. Also find the
1 2 3 2 3 4
equation of the plane containing these lines.

Q.73 Find the distance between 2 parallel planes :

x + 2y + 3z = 4, 2x + 4y + 6z – 5 = 0

Q.74 Find the coordinates of the point P where the line through A(3, –4, –5) and B(2, –3, 1) crosses
the plane passing through three points L(2, 2,1), M(3, 0, 1) and N(4, –1, 0). Also find the ratio
in which P divides the line segment AB.

Q.75 If a line makes angles 90O, 135O, 45O with x, y and z axes respectively, find its direction
cosines.

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.17 –

1  x 7y  14 z  3 7  7x y  5 6  z
Q.76 Find the value of , so that the lines   and   are
3  2 3 1 5
at right angles. Also, find whether the lines are intersecting or not

Q.77 Find the vector and cartesian equations of the plane passing through the points (2, 2, –1),
(3, 4, 2) and (7, 0, 6). Also find the vector equation of a plane passing through (4, 3, 1) and
parallel to the plane obtained above.


36 N
   
Q.78 Find the vector equations of the plane that contains the lines r  ˆi  ˆj   ˆi  2jˆ  kˆ and
the point (–1, 3, –4). Also, find the length of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 1, 4)

A
to the plane, thus obtained.

58 D
Q.79 The distance of the origin (0, 0, 0) from the plane –2x + 6y – 3z = –7 is :

A
(a) 1 unit (b) 2 unit
(c) 2 2 units (d) 3 units
65 M
Q.80 The vector equation of a line which passes through the points (3, 4, –7) and (1, –1, 6)
10 H

is ____________ .
98 ES

Q.81 The line of shortest distance between two skew lines is ____________ to both the lines.

Q.82 Find the vector and cartesian equations of the line which is perpendicular to the lines with
J

x  2 y  3 z 1 x 1 y  2 z  3
equations   and   and passes through the point
1 2 4 2 3 4
A

(1, 1, 1). Also find the angle between the given lines.
R

x  2 y 3 4 z x 1 y  4 z  5
Q.83 The lines   and   are mutually perpendicular if the
1 1 k k 2 2
value of k is :
2 2
(a)  (b) (c) –2 (d) 2
3 3
Q.84 Find the distance of the point P(3, 4, 4) from the point, where the line joining the points
A(3, –4, –5) and B(2, –3, 1) intersects the plane 2x + y + z = 7.

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.18 –

ANSWERS

2 2 1 1 3 2
1. 5 3. –2 : 2 : 1 ; : : 4. : :
3 3 3 14 14 14

A  cos1
LM 1 OP 36 20 5 15
5.
N 13 Q 6. cosA 
65
7. , ,
7 7 7

FG 8 IJ

36 N
8. b2,5,8g 9. cos1
H 21K 10. m=3

A
e j
 x  2 y 1 z  4
11. r  2 i  j  4 k   i  j  2 k ,  
1 1 2

58 D
e j e j
 
12. r  3i  4 j  7 k   2 i  5j  13k 13. r  5i  4 j  6k   3i  7 j  2 k

14. H5 5 K
A
FG 13 , 23 , 0IJ 15.
FG 0, 7 , 5IJ
H 2 2K 16. b
s 3, 4, 5 g
65 M
r  i  2 j  3k   e i  2 j  3k j

17.
10 H

Drs = (1, 2, 3), r  2 i  j  k   e i  2 j  3k j


18.
98 ES

x 1 y  2 z  4
e j

19.   20. r  i  2 j  3k   12 i  4 j  5k
4 6 7
FG 8 IJ 
21.   0o 22. cos1
H 5 3K 23.
J

3

e
r  i  2 j  3k   2 i  3j  6k j b1,  4,  5g
A

24. 25.

10 8 3
R

27. 28. 29.

59 29 2

30.
1
6
34. b2, 3,  1g , 21 36. (–4, 1, –3),
x  2 y  4 z 1
6

3

2

e j

38. 4 x  7 y  6z  38  0 39. r . 4 i  7 j  6k  38
40. 4x + 7y + 6z – 38 41. 3x  7y  6z  7  0

42.  
r . 2iˆ  4jˆ  3kˆ  16 43. 2y  z  7  0


44. 
r . 12iˆ  11jˆ  10kˆ  29 45. 11x  y  13z  51  0

46. 2 x  2 y  3z  3  0 47. 8x  5y  26z  35  0

48. 22x  547  170z  266  0 49. 22x  547  170z  266  0
RAJESH MADAN'S MATHEMATICS CLASSES, Ph. : 9810655836
THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.19 –

 20 
cos 1  sin 1
LM 14 OP
50. 
 549 
51.
N 399 Q 52. 17x  19y  66z  36  0

FG 4 , 11 , 29 IJ 3821
54. 2 56. H3 2 3K 57.
6

58. b1,  4,  5g 59. 11x  y  3z  35 61.

293
7

FG 12 , 18 , 24 IJ F 3i  5j  6k I  7

36 N

62. p
70
11
63. H 29 29 29 K 64. r. GH 70 JK

A
FG 24 , 36 , 48 IJ FG 0, 18 , 24 IJ FG 1 , 1 , 1IJ
65. a. H 29 29 29 K b. H 5 5K c. H 3 3 3K

58 D
FG 0, 8 ,0IJ
H 5 K
A
d.

66. k
65 M
10
67. p  1or
7
68. y  3z  6  0
7 3
FG 65 , 120 , 159 IJ 3 34
69. H 29 29 29 K 70.
10 H

17
98 ES
J
A
R

RAJESH MADAN'S MATHEMATICS CLASSES, Ph. : 9810655836

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.20 –

— Notes —
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

36 N
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

58 D
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
65 M
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10 H

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
98 ES

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
J

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
R

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

RAJESH MADAN'S MATHEMATICS CLASSES, Ph. : 9810655836

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.21 –

— Notes —
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

36 N
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

58 D
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
65 M
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10 H

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
98 ES

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
J

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
R

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

RAJESH MADAN'S MATHEMATICS CLASSES, Ph. : 9810655836

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY R.M.M.C. – 12.22 –

— Notes —
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

36 N
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

58 D
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
65 M
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10 H

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
98 ES

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
J

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
R

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

RAJESH MADAN'S MATHEMATICS CLASSES, Ph. : 9810655836