Main & Advanced: Mathematics

MAIN & ADVANCED
MATHEMATICS
Conic Section
Contents
Topic Page No.
Theory : 01 – 47
Exercise # 1 Part - I : Subjective Questions 48 – 62

Part - II : Only one option correct type
Part - III : Match the Column
Exercise # 2 Part - I : Only one option correct type 62 – 74

Part - II : Single and Double value integer Type
Part - III : One or More than one option correct type
Part - IV : Comprehension
Exercise # 3 Part - I : JEE (Advanced) / IIT JEE Problems 74 – 81

Part - II : JEE (Main) /AIEEE Problems
Part - III : CBSE Problems
Advance Level Problems : Subjective Questions 82 – 84
Answers : 85 – 91
VRaZ Academy JEE (Main+Advanced) / Mathematics / Conic Section
Conic Section
This chapter focusses on parabolic curves, which constitutes one category of various curves obtained
by slicing a cone by a plane, called conic sections. A cone (not necessarily right circular) can be out
in various ways by a plane, and thus different types of conic sections are obtained.
Let us start with the definition of a conic section and then we will see how are they obtained by slicing
a right circular cone.
Conic Sections:
A conic section, or conic is the locus of a point which moves in a plane so that its distance from a fixed
point is in a constant ratio to its perpendicular distance from a fixed straight line.
• The fixed point is called the Focus.
• The fixed straight line is called the Directrix.
• The constant ratio is called the Eccentricity denoted by e.
PS
e
PM
• The line passing through the focus & perpendicular to the directrix is called the Axis.
• A point of intersection of a conic with its axis is called a Vertex.
If S is (p, q) & directrix is x + my + n = 0
| x  my  n |
then PS = ( x –  )2  ( y – )2 & PM =
2  m2
PS
=e  (2 + m2) [(x – p)2 + (y – q)2] = e2 (x + my + n)2
PM
Which is of the form ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Section of right circular cone by different planes
A right circular cone is as shown in the figure – 1
A
Vertex
or
rat
ne
axis
Ge
B
Circular Base
Figure 1
www.vrazacademy.com Page # 1
(i) Section of a right circular cone by a plane passing through its vertex is a pair of straight lines passing
through the vertex as shown in the figure - 2.
Q
Figure –2
(ii) Section of a right circular cone by a plane parallel to its base is a circle as shown in the figure  3.
(iii) Section of a right circular cone by a plane parallel to a generator of the cone is a parabola as shown in
the figure–4.
Figure-4
(iv) Section of a right circular cone by a plane neither parallel to any generator of the cone nor perpendicular
or parallel to the axis of the cone is an ellipse or hyperbola as shown in the figure  5 & 6.
Figure -5 Figure -6
3D View :
Distinguishing various conics :

The nature of the conic section depends upon the position of the focus S w.r.t. the directrix & also upon
the value of the eccentricity e. Two different cases arise.
Case (I) When The Focus Lies On The Directrix.
In this case   abc + 2fgh  af 2  bg2  ch2 = 0 & the general equation of a conic represents a pair of
straight lines if:
e > 1  h2 > ab the lines will be real & distinct intersecting at S.
e = 1  h2 > ab the lines will coincident.
e < 1  h2 < ab the lines will be imaginary.
Case (II) When The Focus Does Not Lie On Directrix.
a parabola an ellipse a hyperbola rectangular hyperbola
e = 1;   0, 0 < e < 1;   0; e > 1;   0; e > 1;   0
h² = ab h² < ab h² > ab h² > ab; a + b = 0
PARABOLA
Definition and terminology
A parabola is the locus of a point, whose distance
from a fixed point (focus) is equal to perpendicular
distance from a fixed straight line (directrix).
Four standard forms of the parabola are
y² = 4ax; y² =  4ax; x² = 4ay; x² =  4ay
For parabola y2 = 4ax:
(i) Vertex is (0, 0) (ii) focus is (a, 0)
(iii) Axis is y = 0 (iv) Directrix is x + a = 0
Focal Distance: The distance of a point on the parabola from the focus.
Focal Chord : A chord of the parabola, which passes through the focus.
Double Ordinate: A chord of the parabola perpendicular to the axis of the symmetry.
Latus Rectum: A double ordinate passing through the focus or a focal chord perpendicular to the axis
of parabola is called the Latus Rectum (L.R.).
For y² = 4ax.  Length of the latus rectum = 4a.
 ends of the latus rectum are L(a, 2a) & L’ (a,  2a).
NOTE :
(i) Perpendicular distance from focus on directrix = half the latus rectum.
(ii) Vertex is middle point of the focus & the point of intersection of directrix & axis.
(iii) Two parabolas are said to be equal if they have the same latus rectum.
Illustr a tion 1: Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is at (– 1, – 2) and the directrix is
x – 2y + 3 = 0.
Solution : Let P(x, y) be any point on the parabola whose focus is S(– 1, – 2) and the directrix
x – 2y + 3 = 0. Draw PM perpendicular to directrix x – 2y + 3 = 0. Then by definition,
SP = PM
 SP2 = PM2
2
 x  2y  3 
 (x + 1) + (y + 2) = 
2 2 
 1 4 
 5 [(x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2] = (x – 2y + 3) 2
 5(x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y + 5) = (x2 + 4y2 + 9 – 4xy + 6x – 12y)
 4x2 + y2 + 4xy + 4x + 32y + 16 = 0
This is the equation of the required parabola.
Illustration 2 : Find the vertex, axis, focus, directrix, latusrectum of the parabola, also draw their rough
sketches. 4y2 + 12x – 20y + 67 = 0
Solution : The given equation is
67
4y2 + 12x – 20y + 67 = 0  y2 + 3x – 5y + =0
4
2 2
67 5 67 5
 y – 5y = – 3x –
2
 y – 5y +   = – 3x –
2
+  
4 2 4 2
2 2
 5 42  5  7
  y   = – 3x –  y   = – 3 x   ....(i)
 2 4  2  2
7 5
Let x=X– ,y=Y+ ....(ii)
2 2
Using these relations, equation (i) reduces to
Y2 = – 3X ....(iii)
This is of the form Y2 = – 4aX. On comparing, we get 4a = 3  a = 3/4.
Vertex - The coordinates of the vertex are (X = 0, Y = 0)
So, the coordinates of the vertex are
 7 5
 ,  [Putting X = 0, Y = 0 in (ii)]
 2 2
Axis
The equation of the axis of the parabola is Y = 0.
So, the equation of the axis is
5
y= [Putting Y = 0 in (ii)]
2
Focus-
The coordinates of the focus are (X = –a, Y = 0)
i.e. (X = – 3/4, Y = 0).
So, the coordinates of the focus are
(–17/4, 5/2) [Putting X = 3/4 in (ii)]
Directrix -
3
The equation of the directrix is X = a i.e. X = .
4
So, the equation of the directrix is
11
x=– [Putting X = 3/4 in (ii)]
4
Latusrectum -
The length of the latusrectum of the given parabola is 4a = 3.
Do Yourself
(1) Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is the point (0, 0)and whose directrix is the
straight line 3x – 4y + 2 = 0.
(2) Find the extremities of latus rectum of the parabola y = x2 – 2x + 3.
(3) Find the latus rectum & equation of parabola whose vertex is origin & directrix is x + y = 2.
(4) Find the vertex, axis, focus, directrix, latusrectum of the parabola y2 – 8y – x + 19 = 0. Also
draw their roguht sketches.
(5) Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is (1, – 1) and whose vertex is (2, 1). Also find
its axis and latusrectum.
1 9 3 9
Answers : (1) 16x2 + 9y2 + 24xy – 12x + 16y – 4 = 0 (2)  ,   , 
2 4 2 4
(3) 4 2 , x2 + y2 – 2xy + 8x + 8y = 0
(4)
(5) (2x – y – 3) 2 = – 20 (x + 2y – 4), Axis 2x – y – 3 = 0. LL = 4 5 .
Parametric representation:
The simplest & the best form of representing the coordinates of a point on the parabola is (at², 2at)
i.e. the equations x = at² & y = 2at together represents the parabola y² = 4ax, t being the parameter.
Parametric form for : y2 = – 4ax (–at2, 2at)
x = 4ay
2
(2at , at2)
x = – 4ay
2
(2at , – at2)
Illustration 3 : Find the parametric equation of the parabola (x – 1)2 = –12 (y – 2)

Solution :  4a = – 12  a = – 3, y – 2 = at2
x – 1 = 2 at  x = 1 – 6t, y = 2 – 3t2
Do Yourself
(6) Find the parametric equation of the parabola x2 = 4ay
Answer : x = 2at, y = at2.
Position of a point relative to a parabola:

The point (x 1 , y1) lies outside, on or inside the parabola y² = 4ax according as the expression y1²  4ax 1
is positive, zero or negative.
Outside
Inside
P(x1, y1)
S1 : y12 – 4ax1
S1 < 0  Inside
S1 > 0  Outside
Illustration 4 : Check whether the point (3, 4) lies inside or outside the paabola y2 = 4x.
Solution : y2 – 4x = 0
 S1 y12 – 4x1 = 16 – 12 = 4 > 0
 (3, 4) lies outside the parabola.
Do Yourself
(7) Find the set of value's of for which (, – 2 – ) lies inside the parabola y2 + 4x = 0.
Answer :   (– 4 – 2 3 , – 4 + 2 3 )
Line & a parabola:

The line y = mx + c meets the parabola y² = 4ax in two points real, coincident or imaginary according
as a  cm  condition of tangency is, c = a/m.

Tangent
Length of the chord intercepted by the parabola Secant

A
on the line y = m x + c is :
 4  B
 2 a(1  m 2 )(a  mc ) .
m 
NOTE :
1. The equation of a chord joining t1 & t2 is 2x  (t1 + t2) y + 2 at1 t2 = 0.
2. If t1 & t2 are the ends of a focal chord of the parabola y² = 4ax then t1t2 = 1. Hence the
coordinates at the extremities of a focal chord can be taken as (at², 2at) &  a ,  2 a 
 t2 t 
Focal chord
A
S (focus)
B
3. Length of the focal chord making an angle  with the x axis is 4acosec² 
Illustration 5 : Discuss the position of line y = x + 1 with respect to parabola y2 = 4x.

Solution : Solving we get (x + 1) 2 = 4x  (x – 1)2 = 0
so y = x + 1 is tangent to the parabola.
Illustration 6 : Prove that focal distance of a point P(at2, 2at) on parabola y2 = 4ax (a > 0) is a(1 + t2).
Solution :
 PS = PM = a + at2
PS = a (1 + t2).
Illustration 7 : If t1, t2 are end points of a focal chord then show that t1 t2 = –1.
Solution : Let parabola is y2 = 4ax
2
P (at1 , 2at1)
since P, S & Q are collinear
S(a, 0)
 mPQ = mPS
2
2 2t 1 Q (at2 , 2at2)
 t1  t 2 = 2
t1  1
 t12 – 1 = t12 + t1t2
 t1 t2 = – 1
Illustration 8 : If the endpoint t1, t2 of a chord satisfy the relation t1 t2 = k (const.) then prove that the chord always
passes through a fixed point. Find the point?
Solution : Equation of chord joining (at12, 2at1) and (at22, 2at2) is
2
y – 2at1 = t  t (x – at12)
1 2
(t1 + t2) y – 2at12 – 2at1t2 = 2x – 2at12

2
y = t  t (x + ak) ( t1t2 = k)
1 2
 This line passes through a fixed point (– ak, 0).
Do Yourself
(8) If the line y = 3x + intersect the parabola y2 = 4x at two distinct point's then set of value's of
'' is
(9) Find the midpoint of the chord x + y = 2 of the parabola y2 = 4x.
(10) If one end of focal chord of parabola y2 = 16x is (16, 16) then coordinate of other end is.
(11) If PSQ is focal chord of parabola y2 = 4ax (a > 0), where S is focus then prove that
1 1 1
+ = .
PS SQ a
(12) Find the length of focal chord whose one end point is ‘t’.
Answers : (8) (– , 1/3) (9) (4, – 2) (10) (1, – 4)

2
 1
(12) a t  
 t
Tangents to the parabola y² = 4ax :

Equation of tangent at a point on the parabola can be obtained by replacement method or using derivatives.
In replacement method, following changes are made to the second degree equation to obtain T.
x2  x x1, y2  y y1, 2xy  xy1 + x1y, 2x  x + x1, 2y  y + y1
So, it follows that the targents are :
(i) y y1 = 2 a (x + x 1) at the point (x 1, y1) ;

a  a 2a
(m  0) at  2 ,
(ii) y = mx + 
m m m
(iii) t y = x + a t² at (at², 2at).
(iv) Point of intersection of the tangents at the point t 1 & t2 is { at1 t2 , a(t1 + t2) }.
a
Illustration 9 : Prove that the straight line y = mx + c touches the parabola y2 = 4a (x + a) if c = ma +
m
Solution : Equation of tangent of slope ‘m’ to the parabola y2 = 4a(x + a) is
a  1
y = m(x + a) +  y = mx + a  m  
m  m
but the given tangent is y = mx +c
a
 c = am +
m
Illustration 10 : A tangent to the parabola y2 = 8x makes an angle of 45° with the straight line y = 3x + 5. Find
its equation and its point of contact.
3 1
Solution : Slope of required tangent’s are m =
1 3
1
m 1 = – 2, m2 =
2
a
 Equation of tangent of slope m to the parabola y2 = 4ax is y = mx + .
m
1 
 tangent’s y = – 2x – 1 at  ,  2 
2 
1
y= x + 4 at (8, 8)
2
Illustration 11 : Find the equation to the tangents to the parabola y2 = 9x which goes through the point (4, 10).
9
Solution : Equation of tangent to parabola y2 = 9x is y = mx +
4m
Since it passes through (4, 10)
9
 10 = 4m +  16 m 2 – 40 m + 9 = 0
4m
1 9
m= ,
4 4
x 9
 equation of tangent’s are y= +9 & y= x + 1.
4 4
Illustration 12 : Find the equations to the common tangents of the parabolas y2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4by.
Solution : Equation of tangent to y2 = 4ax is
a
y = mx + ........(i)
m
Equation of tangent to x 2 = 4by is
b 1 b
x = m 1y +  y= x– ........(ii)
m1 m1 (m1 ) 2
for common tangent, (i) & (ii) must represent same line.
1 a b
 m1 = m & = – 2
m m1
1/ 3
a  a
 = – bm 2  m =  
m  b
1/ 3 1/ 3
 a  b
 equation of common tangent is y =    x + a   .
 b  a
Do Yourself
(13) Find equation tangent to parabola y2 = 4x whose intercept on y–axis is 2.
(14) Prove that perpendicular drawn from focus upon any tangent of a parabola lies on the tangent at the
vertex.
(15) Prove that image of focus in any tangent to parabola lies on its directrix.
(16) Prove that the area of triangle formed by three tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax is half the area of
triangle formed by their points of contacts.
x
Answers : (13) y 2
2
Normals to the parabola y² = 4ax :
Normal is obtained using the slope of tangent.
2a P
Slope of tangent at (x1 , y1) = y
1 Normal
y1
 Slope of normal = –
2a
y1
(i) y  y1 = – (x  x 1) at (x 1, y1) ;
2a
(ii) y = mx  2am  am 3 at (am 2,  2am)
(iii) y + tx = 2at + at3 at (at2, 2at).
NOTE :
(i) Point of intersection of normals at t1 & t2 is (a (t 12 + t 22 + t1t2 + 2),  a t1 t2 (t1 + t2)).

(ii) If the normals to the parabola y² = 4ax at the
point t1, meets the parabola again at the point P(t1)
 2
t2, then t2 = –  t1   .
 t1 
Q(t2)
(iii) If the normals to the parabola y² = 4ax at the points t1 & t2 intersect again on the parabola at the
point 't3' then t1 t2 = 2; t3 =  (t1 + t2) and the line joining t1 & t2 passes through a fixed point
(2a, 0).
2
Illustration 13 : If the normal at point ‘t1’ intersects the parabola again at ‘t2’ then show that t2 = –t1 –
t1
2
Solution : Slope of normal at P = – t1 and slope of chord PQ =
t1  t 2
2
 – t1 =
t1  t 2
2 2
t1 + t2 = –  t2 = – t 1 – .
t1 t1
Illustration 14 : If the normals at points t1, t2 meet at the point t3 on the parabola then prove that
(i) t 1 t2 = 2 (ii) t1 + t2 + t3 = 0
Solution : Since normal at t1 & t2 meet the curve at t3
2
 t3 = – t 1 – .....(i)
t1
2
t3 = – t2 – .....(ii)
t2
 (t12 + 2) t2 = t1 (t22 + 2)
t1t2 (t1 – t2) + 2 (t2 – t1) = 0
 t1  t 2 , t 1 t2 = 2 ......(iii)
Hence (i) t1 t2 = 2
from equation (i) & (iii), we get t3 = – t1 – t2
Hence (ii) t1 + t2 + t3 = 0
Illustration 15 : Find the locus of the point N from which 3 normals are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4ax are such that
(i) Two of them are equally inclined to x-axis
(ii) Two of them are perpendicular to each other
Solution : Equation of normal to y2 = 4ax is
y = mx – 2am – am3
Let the normal passes through N(h, k)
 k = mh – 2am – am3  am3 + (2a – h) m + k = 0
For given value’s of (h, k) it is cubic in ‘m’.
Let m1, m2 & m3 are root’s of above equation
 m1 + m2 + m3 = 0 ......(i)
2a  h
m 1m 2 + m 2m 3 + m 3m 1 = ......(ii)
a
k
m 1m 2m 3 = – ......(iii)
a
(i) If two normal are equally inclined to x-axis, then m1 + m2 = 0
 m3 = 0  y=0
(ii) If two normal’s are perpendicular
 m1 m2 = – 1
k
from (3) m3 = .....(iv)
a
k 2a  h
from (2) –1+ (m1 + m2) = .....(v)
a a
k
from (1) m1 + m2 = – .....(vi)
a
from (5) & (6), we get
k2 h
–1– =2–
a a
y = a(x – 3a)
2
Do Yourself
(17) Find the points of the parabola y2 = 4ax at which the normal is inclined at 30° to the axis.
(18) If the normal at point P(1, 2) on the parabola y2 = 4x cuts it again at point Q then Q = ?
(19) Find the length of normal chord at point ‘t’ to the parabola y2 = 4ax.
(20) If normal chord at a point 't' on the parabola y2 = 4ax subtends a right angle at the vertex then
prove that t2 = 2
(21) Prove that the chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax, whose equation is y – x 2 + 4a 2 = 0, is a
normal to the curve and that its length is 6 3a .
(22) If the normals at 3 points P, Q & R are concurrent, then show that
(i) The sum of slopes of normals is zero, (ii) Sum of ordinates of points P, Q, R is zero
(iii) The centroid of PQR lies on the axis of parabola.
3
a 2a   a 2a  4a( t 2
 1) 2
Answers : (17)  , ,  ,  (18) (9, – 6) (19) 
3   
 3  3 3  t2
Pair of tangents:
The equation to the pair of tangents which can be drawn from any point (x1, y1) to the parabola y² = 4ax
is given by: SS1 = T² where :
S  y²  4ax ; S1 = y1²  4ax1 ; T  y y1  2a(x + x 1).
A
(x1, y1 ) P
B
Illustration 16 : Write the equation of pair of tangents to the parabola y2 = 4x drawn from a point P(–1, 2)
Solution : We know the equation of pair of tangents are given by SS1 = T²
 (y2 – 4x) (4 + 4) = (2y – 2 (x – 1))2
 8y2 – 32x = 4y2 + 4x2 + 4 – 8xy + 8y – 8x
 y2 – x2 + 2xy – 6x – 2y = 1
Illustration 17 : Find the focus of the point P from which tangents are drawn to parabola y2 = 4ax having
slopes m 1,
m2 such that
(i) m1 + m2 = m0 (const) (ii) 1 + 2 = 0 (const)
Solution : Equation of tangent to y2 = 4ax, is
a
y = mx +
m
Let it passes through P(h, k)
 m2h – mk + a = 0
k
(i) m1 + m2 = m0 =  y = m 0x
h
m1  m 2 k /h
(ii) tan0 = 1  m m =
1 2 1 a / h
 y = (x – a) tan0
Do Yourself
(23) If two tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax from a point P make angles 1 and 2 with the axis of the
parabola, then find the locus of P in each of the following cases.
(i) tan21 + tan22 =  (a constant) (ii) cos 1 cos 2 =  (a constant)
Answer : (i) y2 – 2ax = x2 , (ii) x2 = 2 {(x – a)2 + y2}
Director circle:
Locus of the point of intersection of the perpendicular tangents to a curve is called the Director Circle.
For parabola y2 = 4ax it’s equation is x + a = 0 which is parabola’s own directrix.
Chord of contact:
Equation to the chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point P(x 1, y1) is yy1 = 2a (x + x 1).
A
P
(x1, y1 ) Chord of contact
NOTE : The area of the triangle formed by the tangents from the point (x1, y1) & the chord of contact is
1
(y ²  4ax 1)3/2
2a 1
Illustration 18 : Find the length of chord of contact of the tangents drawn from point (x1, y1) to the parabola y2 = 4ax.
Solution : Let tangent at P(t1) & Q(t2) meet at (x1, y1)
 at1t2 = x1 & a(t1 + t2) = y1
 PQ = (at 12  at 22 )2  (2a( t1  t 2 ))2
( y12  4ax 1 )( y12  4a 2 )
=a (( t1  t 2 )2  4t 1t 2 )((t1  t 2 )2  4) =
a2
Illustration 19 : If the line x – y – 1 = 0 intersect the parabola y2 = 8x at P & Q, then find the point of intersection of
tangents at P & Q.
Solution : Let (h, k) be point of intersection of tangents then chord of contact is
yk = 4(x + h)
4x – yk + 4h = 0 .....(i)
But given is x – y – 1 = 0
4 k 4h
 = =  h = – 1, k = 4
1 1 1
 point (–1, 4)
Illustration 20 : Find the locus of point whose chord of contact w.r.t to the parabola y2 = 4bx is the tangents of the
parabola y2 = 4ax.
a
Solution : Equation of tangent to y2 = 4ax is y = mx + ......(i)
m
Let it is chord of contact for parabola y2 = 4bx w.r.t. the point P(h, k)
 Equation of chord of contact is yk = 2b(x + h)
2b 2bh
y= x+ .....(ii)
k k
From (i) & (ii)
2b a 2bh 4b 2h
m= , =  a=
k m k k2
4b 2
locus of P is y2 = x.
a
Do Yourself
(24) Prove that locus of a point whose chord of contact w.r.t. parabola passes through focus is directrix
(25) If from a variable point ‘P’ on the line x – 2y + 1 = 0 pair of tangent’s are drawn to the parabola
y2 = 8x then prove that chord of contact passes through a fixed point, also find that point.
Answers : (25) (1, 8)
Chord with a given middle point:
Equation of the chord of the parabola y² = 4ax whose middle point is
2a M(x,y)
(x 1, y1) is y  y1 = (x  x 1)  T = S1
y1
Illustration 21 : Find the locus of middle point of the chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax which pass through a given point
(p, q).
Solution : Let P(h, k) be the mid point of chord of parabola y2 = 4ax,
so equation of chord is yk – 2a(x + h) = k2 – 4ah.
Since it passes through (p, q)
 qk – 2a (p + h) = k2 – 4ah
 Required locus is
y2 – 2ax – qy + 2ap = 0.
Illustration 22 : Find the locus of middle point of the chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax whose slope is ‘m’.
Solution : Let P(h, k) be the mid point of chord of parabola y2 = 4ax,

so equation of chord is yk – 2a(x + h) = k2 – 4ah.
2a
but slope = =m
k
2a
 locus is y =
m
Do Yourself
(26) Find the equation of chord of parabola y2 = 4x whose mid point is (4, 2).
(27) Find the locus of mid - point of chord of parabola y2 = 4ax which touches the parabola x2 = 4by.
Answers : (26) x–y–2=0 (27) y (2ax – y2) = 4a2b
Important Highlights:
(i) If the tangent & normal at any point ‘P’ of the parabola intersect the axis at T & G then
ST = SG = SP where ‘S’ is the focus. In other words the tangent and the normal at a point P on
the parabola are the bisectors of the angle between the focal radius SP & the perpendicular
from P on the directrix. From this we conclude that all rays emanating from S will become
parallel to the axis of theparabola after reflection.
(ii) The portion of a tangent to a parabola cut off between the directrix & the curve subtends a right
angle at the focus.
See figure above.
(iii) The tangents at the extremities of a focal chord

intersect at right angles on the directrix, and hence a
circle on any focal chord as diameter touches the
directrix. Also a circle on any focal radii of a point P
(at2, 2at) as diameter touches the tangent at the vertex
2
and intercepts a chord of length a 1  t on a normal
at the point P.
(iv) Any tangent to a parabola & the perpendicular on it from the focus meet on the tangent at the
vertex.
(v) If the tangents at P and Q meet in T, then:

 TP and TQ subtend equal angles at the focus S.
 ST 2 = SP. SQ &  The triangles SPT and STQ are similar.
T
S TSP = TSQ
(vi) Semi latus rectum of the parabola y² = 4ax, is the harmonic mean between segments of any
focal chord of the parabola.
P
S 2(PS )(SQ )
= 2a
PS  SQ
Q
(vii) The area of the triangle formed by three points on a parabola is twice the area of the triangle
formed by the tangents at these points.
(viii) If normal are drawn from a point P(h, k) to the parabola y2 = 4ax then
k = mh  2am  am 3 i.e. am 3 + m(2a  h) + k = 0.
2a  h k
m1 + m2 + m3 = 0 ; m 1m 2 + m 2m 3 + m 3m 1 = ; m 1 m2 m3 =  .
a a
Where m 1, m 2, & m 3 are the slopes of the three concurrent normals. Note that
A
P(h, k)
A, B, C  Conormal points
B
C
 algebraic sum of the slopes of the three concurrent normals is zero.

 algebraic sum of the ordinates of the three conormal points on the parabola is zero
 Centroid of the  formed by three conormal points lies on the xaxis.
 Condition for three real and distinct normals to be drawn froma point P (h, k) is
4
h > 2a & k 2 <
27a (h – 2a)
3.
(ix) Length of subtangent at any point P(x, y) on the parabola y² = 4ax equals twice the abscissa
of the point P. Note that the subtangent is bisected at the vertex.
y
x
T O D N TD = 2(OD) , DN = 2a
(x) Length of subnormal is constant for all points on the parabola & is equal to the semi latus
rectum.
See figure above.
Note : Students must try to proof all the above properties.
ELLIPSE
In this chapter we are going to discuss in detail the nature of path in which on planets move around the sun.
They follow on elliptical path with the sun at one of its foci. Let us look at the definition of ellipse.
Definitions : -
It is locus of a point which moves in such a way that the ratio of its distance from a fixed point and a
fixed line (not passes through fixed point and all points and line lies in same plane) is constant (e),
which is less than one.
The fixed point is called - focus
The fixed line is called -directrix.
The constant ratio is called - eccentricity, it is denoted by 'e'.
Illustration 1 : Find the equation to the ellipse whose focus is the point (– 1, 1), whose directrix is the straight
1
line x – y + 3 = 0 and eccentricity is .
2
Solution : Let P  (h, k) be moving point,
PS 1
e= =
PM 2
2
1 hk 3
 (h + 1) + (k – 1) =
2 2  
4  2 
 locus of P(h, k) is
8 {x 2 + y2 + 2x – 2y + 2} = (x2 + y2 – 2xy + 6x – 6y + 9)
7x2 + 7y2 + 2xy + 10x – 10 y + 7 = 0.
Note : The general equation of a conic with focus (p, q) & directrix x + my + n = 0 is:
(2 + m 2) [(x  p)2 + (y  q)2] = e2 (x + my + n)2
 ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
represent ellipse if 0 < e < 1;   0, h² < ab
Do Yourself
1
(1) Find the equation to the ellipse whose focus is (0, 0) directrix is x + y – 1 = 0 and e = .
2
Answer : 3x2 + 3y2 – 2xy + 2x + 2y – 1 = 0.
Standard Equation
Standard equation of an ellipse referred
to its principal axes along the coordinate
x2 y2
axes is  = 1,
a2 b 2
where a > b & b² = a² (1  e²).
b2
Eccentricity: e = 1  2 , (0 < e < 1)
a
Focii : S  (a e, 0) & S  ( a e, 0).
a a
Equations of Directrices : x = &x= .
e e
Major Axis : The line segment AA in which the focii S & S lie is of length 2a & is called the major axis
(a > b) of the ellipse. Point of intersection of major axis with directrix is called the foot of the directrix (Z).
Minor Axis : The yaxis intersects the ellipse in the points B  (0,  b) & B  (0, b). The line segment
BB is of length 2b (b < a) is called the minor axis of the ellipse.
Principal Axis : The major & minor axes together are called principal axis of the ellipse.
Vertices : Point of intersection of ellipse with major axis. A ( a, 0) & A  (a, 0) .
Focal Chord : A chord which passes through a focus is called a focal chord.
Double Ordinate : A chord perpendicular to the major axis is called a double ordinate.
Latus Rectum : The focal chord perpendicular to the major axis is called the latus rectum.
2b 2 minor axis
 
2
Length of latus rectum (LL) =   2a 1 e 2
a major axis
= 2 e (distance from focus to the corresponding directrix)
Centre : The point which bisects every chord of the conic drawn through it, is called the centre of the
2 y2
conic. C  (0, 0) the origin is the centre of the ellipse x 2  2 = 1.
a b
2
2 y
Note : (i) If the equation of the ellipse is given as x 2  2 = 1 and nothing is mentioned, then the rule is
a b
to assume that a > b.
(ii) If b > a is given, then the yaxis will become major axis and x-axis will become the minor axis
and all other points and lines will change accordingly.
x2 y2
Equation : 2 + =1
a b2
b
Foci (0, be) Directrices : y = 
e
a2
a2 = b2 (1 – e2), a < b.  e= 1–
b2
Vertices (0, b) ; L.R. y = be
2a 2
 (L·R.) = , centre : (0, 0)
b
Illustration 2 : Find the equation to the ellipse whose centre is origin, axes are the axes of co-ordinate and
passes through the points (2, 2) and (3, 1).
x2 y2
Solution : Let the equation to the ellipse is 2 + =1
a b2
Since it passes through the points (2, 2) and (3, 1)
4 4 9 1
 2 + 2 = 1 ..........(i) and 2 + =1 .........(ii)
a b a b2
from (i) – 4 (ii), we get
4  36 32
= 1– 4  a2 =
a2 3
from (i), we get
1 1 3 83
= – =
b2 4 32 32
32
b2 =
5
 Ellipse is 3x2 + 5y2 = 32
1
Illustration 3 : Find the equation of the ellipse whose focii are (4, 0) and (– 4, 0) and eccentricity is
3
Solution : Since both focus lies on x-axis, therefore x-axis is major axis and mid point of focii is origin
which is centre and a line perpendicular to major axis and passes through centre is minor axis
which is y-axis.
x2 y2
Let equation of ellipse is 2 + =1
a b2
1
 ae = 4 and e= (Given)
3
 a = 12 and b = a (1 – e2)
2 2
 1
 b2 = 144 1  
 9
b2 = 16 × 8
b=8 2
x2 y2
Equation of ellipse is + =1
144 128
Illustration 4 : If minor-axis of ellipse subtend a right angle at its focus then find the eccentricity of ellipse.
x2 y2
Solution : Let the equation of ellipse is + =1 (a > b)
a2 b2

 BSB =
2
and OB = OB

 BSO =
4
 OS = OB  ae = b
b2 1
 e2 = 2 = 1 – e2  e=
a 2
Illustration 5 : From a point Q on the circle x 2 + y2 = a2, perpendicular QM are drawn to x-axis, find the locus
of point 'P' dividing QM in ratio 2 : 1.
Solution : Let Q  (a cos, a sin)
M  (a cos, 0)
Let P  (h, k)
a sin 
 h = a cos, k =
3
2 2
 3k  h
   +   =1
 a  a
x2 y2
 Locus of P is + =1
a2 (a / 3 ) 2
Illustration 6 : Find the equation of axes, directrix, co-ordinate of focii, centre, vertices, length of
( x  3) 2 ( y  2) 2
latus - rectum and eccentricity of an ellipse + = 1.
25 16
X2 Y2
Solution : Let x – 3 = X, y – 2 = Y, so equation of ellipse becomes as + = 1.
52 42
equation of major axis is Y = 0  y = 2.
equation of minor axis is X = 0  x = 3.
centre (X = 0, Y = 0)  x = 3, y = 2
C  (3, 2)
Length of semi-major axis a = 5
Length of major axis 2a = 10
Length of semi-minor axis b = 4
Length of minor axis = 2b = 8.
Let 'e' be eccentricity
 b2 = a2 (1 – e2)
a2  b2 25  16 3
e= 2 = = .
a 25 5
2b 2 2  16 32
Length of latus rectum = LL = = =
a 5 5
Co-ordinates focii are X = ± ae, Y = 0
 S  (X = 3, Y = 0) & S (X = –3, Y = 0)
 S  (6, 2) & S (0, 2)
Co-ordinate of vertices
Extremities of major axis A  (X = a, Y = 0) & A (X = – a, Y = 0)
 A  (x = 8, y = 2) & A = (x = – 2, 2)
A  (8, 2) & A (– 2, 2)
Extremities of minor axis B (X = 0, Y = b) & B  (X = 0, Y = – b)
B (x = 3, y = 6) & B (x = 3, y = – 2)
B  (3, 6) & B (3, – 2)
a
Equation of directrix X = ±
e
25 34 16
x–3=±  x= & x=–
3 3 3
Do Yourself
(2) Find the equation to the ellipse whose axes are of lengths 6 and 2 6 and their equations are
x – 3y + 3 = 0 and 3x + y – 1 = 0 respectively.
(3) Find the eccentricity of ellipse whose minor axis is double the latus rectum.
(4) Find the co-ordinates of the focii of the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 = 1.
x2 y2 1
(5) Find the standard ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 passing through (2, 1) and having eccentricity .
a b 2
(6) A point moves so that the sum of the squares of its distances from two intersecting lines is
constant (given that the lines are neither perpendicular nor they make complimentry angle).
Prove that its locus is an ellipse.
Hint. : Assume the lines to be y = mx and y = – mx.
Answers : (2) 3(x – 3y + 3)2 + 2(3x+ y – 1)2 = 180,
21x2 – 6xy + 29y2 + 6x – 58y – 151 = 0.
 
(3)
3
(4)   5 , 0 (5) 3x2 + 4y2 = 16
2  6 
 
Auxiliary Circle / Eccentric Angle :
A circle described on major axis of ellipse as diameter is called the auxiliary circle.
Let Q be a point on the auxiliary circle x² + y² = a² such that line through Q perpendicular to the x  axis
on the way intersects the ellipse at P, then P & Q are called as the Corresponding Points on the
ellipse & the auxiliary circle respectively. ‘’ is called the Eccentric Angle of the point P on the ellipse
( < ). Q  (a cos , a sin)
P  (a cos , b sin)
Note that :
(PN) b Semi minor axis
 
(QN) a Semi major axis
NOTE : If from each point of a circle perpendiculars
are drawn upon a fixed diameter then the locus of the
points dividing these perpendiculars in a given ratio is
an ellipse of which the given circle is the auxiliary circle.
x2 y2
Illustration 7 : Find the focal distance of a point P() on the ellipse 2 + =1 (a > b)
a b2
Solution : Let 'e' be the eccentricity of ellipse.
 PS = e . PM
a 
= e   a cos  
 e 
PS = (a – a e cos)
and PS = e. PM
 a
= e  a cos   
 e
PS = a + ae cos
 focal distance are (a ± ae cos)
Note : PS + PS = 2a
PS + PS = AA
x2 y2
Illustration 8 : Find the distance from centre of the point P on the ellipse + = 1 whose radius makes
a2 b2
angle  with x-axis.
Solution : Let P  (a cos, b sin)
b a
 m (op) = tan = tan  tan = tan 
a b
a 2  b 2 tan 2 
OP = a 2 cos 2   b 2 sin 2  =
sec 2 
a2
a2  b2  tan2 
a 2  b 2 tan 2  b2 ab
= 2 = a2  OP=
1  tan  1  2 tan 2  a sin   b 2 cos 2 
2 2
b
Do Yourself
x2 y2
(7) Find the distance from centre of the point P on the ellipse + = 1 whose eccentric
a2 b2
angle is 
x2 y2
(8) Find the eccentric angle of a point on the ellipse + = 1 whose distance from the
6 2
centre is 2.
(9) Show that the area of triangle inscribed in an ellipse bears a constant ratio to the area of the
triangle formed by joining points on the auxiliary circle corresponding to the vertices of the first
triangle.
 3
Answers : (7) r  a 2 cos 2   b 2 sin 2  (8) ± ,±
4 4
Parametric Representation :
2 y2
The equations x = a cos  & y = b sin  together represent the ellipse x 2  2 = 1.
a b
Where  is a parameter. Note that if P()  (a cos  b sin ) is on the ellipse then;
Q()  (a cos  a sin ) is on the auxiliary circle.
The equation to the chord of the ellipse joining two points with eccentric angles  &  is given by
x  y   
cos  sin  cos .
a 2 b 2 2
x2 y2   5 
Illustration 9 : Write the equation of chord of an ellipse + =1 joining two points P   and Q  .
25 16 4  4 
  5    5    5 
        
x  4 4  y 4 4  4 4 
Solution : Equation of chord is cos + . sin  = cos 
5 2 4 2 2
x  3  y  3 
. cos   + . sin   =0
5  4  4  4 
x y
– + =0  4x = 5y
5 4
Illustration 10 : If P() and P() are extremities of a focal chord of ellipse then prove that its eccentricity
 
cos  
 2 
e= .

cos 
 2 
x2 y2
Solution : Let the equation of ellipse is + =1
a2 b2
x   y    

 equation of chord is cos   + sin   = cos  
a  2  b  2   2 
Since above chord is focal chord,
 it passes through focus (ae, 0) or (– ae, 0)
   
 ± e cos   = cos  
 2   2 
 
cos  
 2 
 e= Ans.

cos 
 2 
   
cos 1  tan. tan
2 2 2
Note :  ±e=  ±e=
  
cos 1  tan . tan
2 2 2
1 e 2
Applying componendo and dividendo =  
 e 1 2 tan . tan
2 2
  1 e e 1
tan tan = or
2 2 e 1 1 e
x2 y2
Illustration 11 : Find the angle between two diameters of the ellipse + = 1. Whose extremities have
a2 b2

eccentricity angle  and  =  + .
2
x2 y2
Solution : Let ellipse is + =1
a2 b2
b sin  b
Slope of OP = m 1 = = tan
a cos  a
b sin  b 
Slope of OQ = m 2 = =– cot given  =  +
a cos  a 2
b
(tan   cot  )
m1  m 2 a 2ab
 tan = = =
1  m1m 2 b2 (a  b 2 ) sin 2
2
1 2
a
Do Yourself
x2 y2
(10) Find the sum of squares of two diameters of the ellipse + = 1 whose extremities have
a2 b2

eccentric angles differ by and show that it is constant.
2
(11) Show that the sum of squares of reciprocals of two perpendicular diameters of the ellipse
x2 y2
2 + = 1 is constant. Find the constant also.
a b2
x2 y2
(12) Find the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from the centre of the ellipse + = 1 on the
a2 b2

chord joining two points whose eccentric angles differ by .
2
1 1 1 
Answers : (10) 4(a2 + b2) (11)    (12) 2(x 2 + y2)2 = a2 x 2 + b2 y2.
4  a2 b2 
Position of a Point w.r.t. an Ellipse :
x12 y12
The point P(x 1, y1) lies outside, inside or on the ellipse according as ;   1 > < or = 0.
a2 b2
x2 y2
Illustration 12 : Check whether the point P(3, 2) lies inside or outside of the ellipse + = 1.
25 16
9 4 9 1
Solution : S1  + –1= + –1<0
25 16 25 4
 Point P  (3, 2) lies inside the ellipse.
x2 y2
Illustration 13 : Find the set of value(s) of '' for which the point P(, – ) lies inside the ellipse + = 1.
16 9
Solution : If P(, – ) lies inside the ellipse
 S1 < 0
2 2 25 144
 + –1<0  . 2 < 1  2 <
16 9 144 25
 12 12 
    , .
 5 5 
Line and an Ellipse :
x2 y2
The line y = mx + c meets the ellipse 2 + = 1 in two points real, coincident or imaginary
a b2
according as c² is < = or > a²m² + b².
2 y2
Hence y = mx + c is tangent to the ellipse x 2  2 = 1 if c² = a²m² + b².
a b
Illustration 14 : Find the set of value(s) of '' for which the line 3x – 4y +  = 0 intersect the ellipse
x2 y2
+ = 1 at two distinct points.
16 9
( 4 y   )2 y2
Solution : Solving given line with ellipse, we get + =1
9  16 9
2y 2 y 2
– + –1 = 0
9 18 144
Since, line intersect the parabola at two distinct points,

 roots of above equation are real & distinct
 D0
2 8  2 
 –
 
.  144  1 > 0  –12 2 <  < 12 2
(18)2 9  
Do Yourself
x2 y2
(13) Find the value of '' for which 2x – y +  = 0 touches the ellipse + =1
25 9
Answer : =± 109
Tangents :
x2 y2
(a) Slope form: y = mx ± a 2m 2  b 2 is tangent to the ellipse + = 1 for all values of m.
a2 b2
xx1 yy1 x2 y2
(b) Point form :   1 is tangent to the ellipse + = 1 at (x1, y1).
a2 b2 a2 b2
xcos ysin x2 y2
(c) Parametric form:   1 is tangent to the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 at the point
a b a b
(a cos , b sin ).
Note : (i) There are two tangents to the ellipse having the same m, i.e. there are two tangents parallel to
any given direction.These tangents touches the ellipse at extremities of a diameter.
 cos   sin  2  
(ii) 
Point of intersection of the tangents at the point  &  is, a 2
,b
 cos   cos  2  
 2
(iii) The eccentric angles of the points of contact of two parallel tangents differ by .
Illustration 15 : Find the equations of the tangents to the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 12 which are perpendicular to the
line y + 2x = 4.
1
Solution : Slope of tangent = m =
2
x2 y2
Given ellipse is + =1
4 3
Equation of tangent whose slope is 'm' is y = mx ± 4m 2  3
1 1
 m=  y= x± 1 3
2 2
2y = x ± 4
x2 y2
Illustration 16 : A tangent to the ellipse +
= 1 touches at the point P on it in the first quadrant and
a2 b2
meets the co-ordinate axes in A and B respectively. If P divides AB in the ratio 3 : 1, find the
equation of the tangent.
Solution : Let P  ( a cos, b sin)
 equation of tangent is
x y
cos + sin = 1
a b
A  (a sec, 0)
B  (0, b cosec)
 P divide AB internally in the ratio 3 : 1
a sec  1 1
 a cos =  cos2 =  cos =
4 4 2
3b cos ec 3
and b sin  =  sin =
4 2
x 3y
 tangent is + =1  bx + 3 ay = 2ab
2a 2b
Illustration 17 : Prove that the locus of the point of intersection of tangents to an ellipse at two points whose
eccentric angle differ by a constant  is an ellipse.
Solution : Let P (h, k) be the point of intersection of tangents at A() and B() to the ellipse.
 
a cos   b sin  
 2   2 
 h= &k=
 
cos   cos  
 2   2 
2 2
h k  
   +   = sec2  
a b  2 
but given that  –  = 
x2 y2
 locus is + =1
 
a 2 sec 2   b 2 sec 2  
2 2
Illustration 18 : Find the locus of foot of perpendicular drawn from centre to any tangent to the ellipse
x2 y2
+ = 1.
a2 b2
Solution : Let P(h, k) be the foot of perpendicular to a tangent y = mx + a 2m 2  b 2 .......(i)
from centre
k h
 .m=–1  m=– .......(ii)
h k
 P(h, k) lies on tangent
 k = mh + a 2m 2  b 2 .......(iii)
from equation (ii) & (iii), we get
2
 2  2 2
k  h  = a h + b2
 k 
  k2
 locus is (x 2 + y2)2 = a2x 2 + b2y2
Do Yourself
(14) Show that the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents at the extremities of any focal
chord of an ellipse is the directrix corresponding to the focus.
(15) Show that the locus of the foot of the perpendicular on a varying tangent to an ellipse from
either of its foci is a concentric circle.
(16) Prove that the portion of the tangent to an ellipse intercepted between the ellipse and the
directrix subtends a right angle at the corresponding focus.
(17) Find the area of parallelogram formed by tangents at the extremities of latera recta of the
x2 y2
ellipse   1.
a2 b2
(18) If y1 is ordinate of a point P on the ellipse then show that the angle between its focal radius and
 b2 
 
tangent at it, is tan–1  aey  .
 1 
x2 y2
(19) Find the eccentric angle of the point P on the ellipse + = 1 tangent at which, is
a2 b2
equally inclined to the axes.
2a 3 b b b

Answers : (17) (19) = ± tan–1   ,  – tan–1   , –  + tan–1  
a
  a
  a
a2  b2
Normals :
x2 y2 a2 x b2 y
(i) Equation of the normal at (x1, y1) to the ellipse + = 1 is  = a²  b².
a2 b2 x1 y1
x2 y2
(ii) Equation of the normal at the point (acos , bsin ) to the ellipse + = 1 is;
a2 b2
ax. sec   by. cosec  = (a²  b²).
(iii) Equation of a normal in terms of its slope 'm' is y = mx 

a  b m
2 2
.
a 2  b 2m 2
x2 y2
Illustration 19 : P and Q are corresponding points on the ellipse + = 1 and the auxiliary circles
a2 b2
respectively. The normal at P to the ellipse meets CQ in R, where C is the centre of the ellipse.
Prove that CR = a + b
Solution : Let P  (acos , b sin)
 Q  (a cos, a sin)
Equation of normal at P is
(a sec) x – (b cosec ) y = a2 – b2 ..........(i)
equation of CQ is y = tan . x .........(ii)
Solving equation (i) & (ii), we get (a – b) x = (a2 – b2) cos
x = (a + b) cos, & y = (a + b) sin
 R  ((a + b) cos, (a + b) sin)
 CR = a + b
x2 y2
Illustration 20 : Find the shortest distance between the line x + y = 10 and the ellipse  =1
16 9
Solution : Shortest distance occurs between two non-intersecting curve always along common normal.
Let 'P' be a point on ellipse and Q is a point on given line for which PQ is common normal.
 Tangent at 'P' is parallel to given line
 Equation of tangent parallel to given line is (y = mx ± a 2m 2  b 2 )
y=–x±5
 x + y + 5 = 0 or x+y–5=0
 minimum distance = distance between
x + y – 10 = 0 & x + y – 5 = 0
| 10  5 | 5
 shortest distance = =
1 1 2
Illustration 21 :Prove that, in an ellipse, the distance between the centre and any normal does not exceed the
difference between the semi-axes of the ellipse.
x2 y2
Solution : Let the equation of ellipse is 1 2

a b2
Equation of normal at P () is (a sec)x – (bcosec )y – a2 + b2 = 0
distance of normal from centre
| a2  b2 |
= OR =
a 2  b 2  (a tan )2  (b cot )2
| a2  b2 |
=
(a  b)2  (a tan   b cot )2
| a2  b2 |
 (a + b)2 + (a tan – b cot)2  (a + b)2 or 
(a  b ) 2
|OR| (a – b)
Do Yourself
x2 y2
(20) Find the value(s) of 'k' for which the line x + y = k is a normal to the ellipse  1
a2 b2
x2 y2
(21) If the normal at the point P() to the ellipse  = 1 intersects it again at the point Q(2)
14 5
then cos =
2 2 6 6
(A) – (B) (C) – (D)
3 3 7 7
Answers : (20) k= 
a 2
 b2 
2
(21) A
a2  b2
Pair of Tangents :
The equation to the pair of tangents which can be drawn from any point (x 1, y1) to the ellipse
x2 y2
 = 1 is given by: SS1 = T² where :
a2 b2
2 2
x2 y2 x1 y1 xx1 yy1
S  –1 ; S1 = 2
 2 –1; T 2 + – 1.
a2 b2 a b a b2
x2 y2
Illustration 22 : How many real tangents can be drawn from the point (4, 3) to the ellipse + = 1. Find
16 9
the equation of these tangents & angle between them.
Solution : Given point P  (4, 3)
x2 y2
ellipse S  + –1=0
16 9
16 9
 S1  + –1=1>0
16 9
 Point P  (4, 3) lies outside the ellipse.
 Two tangents can be drawn from the point P(4, 3).

Equation of pair of tangents is SS1 = T 2
 x2 y2  2

   1 . 1 =  4 x  3 y  1
 16 9 
   16 9 
x2 y2 x2 y2 xy x 2y
 + –1= + +1+ – –
16 9 16 9 6 2 3
 – xy + 3x + 4y – 12 = 0  (4 – x) (y – 3) = 0
 x=4&y=3

and angle between them =
2
Alternative
By direct observation
x = 4, y = 3 are tangents.
x2 y2
Illustration 23 : Find the locus of point of intersection of perpendicular tangents to the ellipse  =1
a2 b2
Solution : Let P(h, k) be the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents
equation of pair of tangents is SS1 = T 2
 x2 y2   h2 k 2  2

   1    1 =  hx  ky  1
 a2 b2   a2 b 2 
     a2 b2 
x 2  k  1  h2 
2
y2   1 + ........ = 0
  2  +  a2  .........(i)
a2  b  b2  
Since equation (i) represents two perpendicular lines
1  k2  1  h2 

  1 +   1 = 0
a2 b 2  b2 a 2 
   
 k 2 – b2 + h2 – a2 = 0  locus is x2 + y2 = a2 + b2
Do Yourself
(22) Find the locus of point of intersection of the tangents drawn at the extremities of a focal chord
x2 y2
of the ellipse + = 1.
a2 b2
a
Answer : x=±
e
Director Circle :
Locus of the point of intersection of the tangents which meet at right angles is called the Director
Circle. The equation to this locus is x² + y² = a² + b² i.e. a circle whose centre is the centre of the
ellipse & whose radius is the length of the line joining the ends of the major & minor axes.
Illustration 24 : An ellipse slides between two perpendicular lines. Show that the locus of its centre is a circle.
Solution : Let length of semi-major and semi-minor axis are 'a' and 'b' and centre is C  (h, k)
Since ellipse slides between two perpendicular lines, therefore point of intersection of two
perpendicular tangents lies on director circle.
Let us consider two perpendicular lines as x & y axes

 point of intersection is origin O  (0, 0)
 OC = radius of director circle
 2
h2  k 2 = a  b
2
 locus of C  (h, k) is
 x 2 + y2 = a2 + b2 which is a circle
Do Yourself
(23) A tangent to the ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4 meets the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 6 at P and Q. Prove that the
tangents at P and Q of the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 6 are at right angles.
Chord of Contact :
x2 y2
Equation to the chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point P(x1, y1) to the ellipse + = 1 is
a2 b2
xx1 yy1
T = 0, where T= 2 + –1
a b2
x2 y2
Illustration 25 : If tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax intersect the ellipse + = 1 at A and B, then find the
a2 b2
locus of point of intersection of tangents at A and B.
Solution : Let P  (h, k) be the point of intersection of tangents at A & B
xh yk
 equation of chord of contact AB is 2 + 2 = 1 .............(i)
a b
which touches the parabola equation of tangent to parabola y2 = 4ax
a
y = mx +
m
a
 mx – y = – .............(ii)
m
equation (i) & (ii) as must be same
a
1 
m
 = = m
 h   k  1
 2  2
a   b 
2
h b ak
 m=– 2 & m =
k a b2
hb 2 ak b4
 – =  locus of P is y2 = – .x
ka 2 b2 a3
Do Yourself
(24) Find the locus of point of intersection of tangents at the extremities of normal chords of the
x2 y2
ellipse + = 1.
a2 b2
(25) Find the locus of point of intersection of tangents at the extremities of the chords of the
x2 y2
ellipse 2 + = 1 subtending a right angle at its centre.
a b2
a6 b6 x2 y2 1 1
Answers : (24) + 2 = (a2 – b2)2 (25) + = +
x 2 y a 4
b 4
a2 b2
Chord with a given middle point :

2 y2
Equation of the chord of the ellipse x 2  2 = 1 whose middle point is (x 1, y1) is T = S1,
a b
2 2
x1 y1 xx1 yy1
where S1 = 2
 2 –1; T 2 + – 1.
a b a b2
x2 y2
Illustration 26 : Find the locus of the mid - point of focal chords of the ellipse + = 1.
a2 b2
Solution : Let P  (h, k) be the mid-point
xh yk h2 k2
 equation of chord whose mid-point is given + –1= + –1
a2 b2 a2 b2
since it is a focal chord,
 it passes through focus, either (ae, 0) or (–ae, 0)
If it passes through (ae, 0)
ex x2 y2
 locus is = 2 + 2
a a b
If it passes through (–ae, 0)
ex x2 y2
 locus is – = 2 + 2
a a b
x2 y2
Illustration 27 : Find the condition on 'a' and 'b' for which two distinct chords of the ellipse + =1
2a 2 2b 2
passing through (a, – b) are bisected by the line x + y = b.
Solution : Let the line x + y = b bisect the chord at P(, b – )

 equation of chord whose mid-point is P(, b – )
x y(b   ) 2 (b   )2
+ = +
2a 2 2b 2 2a 2 2b 2
Since it passes through (a, –b)
 (b   ) 2 (b   )2
 – = +
2a 2b 2a 2 2b 2
 1 1  1 1  2
     – 1 = 2  2  2  – +1
a b a b  b
 1 1   3 1
 2  2  2  –     + 2 = 0
a b  b a
since line bisect two chord
 above quadratic equation in  must have two distinct real roots
2
3 1  1 1 
    –4  2  2 .2>0
b a a b 
9 1 6 8 8 1 7 6
 2 + 2 + – 2 – 2 >0  2 – 2 + >0
b a ab a b b a ab
 a – 7b + 6ab > 0
2 2
 a2 > 7b2 – 6ab which is the required condition.
Do Yourself
x2 y2
(26) Find the equation of the chord + = 1 which is bisected at (2, 1).
36 9
x2 y2
(27) Find the locus of the mid-points of normal chords of the ellipse + = 1.
a2 b2
x2 y2  1 2
(28) Find the length of the chord of the ellipse + = 1 whose middle point is  , 
25 16 2 5
2
 x2 y2   a6 b 6  7
Answers : (26) x + 2y = 4 (27)      
 x 2 y 2  = (a – b ) (28)
2 2 2
 a2 b2  41
    5
Important Highlights :
x2 y2
Refering to the ellipse  =1
a2 b2
(1) If P be any point on the ellipse with S & S as its foci then  (SP) +  (SP) = 2a.
(2) The tangent & normal at a point P on the ellipse bisect the
external & internal angles between the focal distances of P.
This refers to the well known reflection property of the ellipse
which states that rays from one focus are reflected through
other focus & viceversa. Hence we can deduce that the straight
lines joining each focus to the foot of the perpendicular from
the other focus upon the tangent at any point P meet on the
normal PG and bisects it where G is the point where normal at
P meets the major axis.
(3) The product of the length’s of the perpendicular segments from the foci
on any tangent to the ellipse is b² and the feet of these perpendiculars
lie on its auxiliary circle and the tangents at these feet to the auxiliary
circle meet on the ordinate of P and that the locus of their point of
intersection is a similiar ellipse as that of the original one.
(4) The portion of the tangent to an ellipse between the point of contact
& the directrix subtends a right angle at the corresponding focus.
(5) If the normal at any point P on the ellipse with centre C meet
the major & minor axes in G & g respectively, & if CF be
perpendicular upon this normal, then
(i) PF. PG = b² (ii) PF. Pg = a²
(iii) PG. Pg = SP. S P (iv) CG. CT = CS2
(v) locus of the mid point of Gg is another ellipse having
the same eccentricity as that of the original ellipse.
[where S and S are the focii of the ellipse and T is the point where tangent at P meet the major axis]
(6) The circle on any focal distance as diameter touches the auxiliary circle. Perpendiculars from the
centre upon all chords which join the ends of any perpendicular diameters of the ellipse are of constant
length.
(7) If the tangent at the point P of a standard ellipse meets the axis in
T and t and CY is the perpendicular on it from the centre then,
(i) T t. PY = a2  b2
and
(ii) least value of T t is a + b.
HYPERBOLA
Hyperbolic curves are of special importance in the field of science
and technology especially astronomy and space studies. In this
chapter we are going to study the characteristics of such curves.
Definition : A hyperbola is defined as the locus of a point moving

in a plane in such a way that the ratio of its distance from a fixed
point to that from a fixed line (the point does not lie on the line) is
a fixed constant greater than 1.
PS
=e>1, e – eccentricity
PM
Standard equation & definition(s)
x2 y2
Standard equation of hyperbola is   1,
a2 b2
where b2 = a2 (e2  1).
• Eccentricity (e) :
b2
e2 = 1 +
a2
• Foci :
S  (ae, 0) & S  ( ae, 0).
• Equations of directrices :
a a
x= & x= .
e e
• Transverse axis :
The line segment AA of length 2a in which the foci S & S both lie is called the trans verse
axis of the hyperbola.
• Conjugate axis :
The line segment BB of length 2b between the two points B (0,  b) & B (0, b) is called as
the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.
• Principal axes :
The transverse & conjugate axis together are called principal axes of the hyperbola.
• Vertices :
A (a, 0) & A ( a, 0)
• Focal chord :
A chord which passes through a focus is called a focal chord.
• Double ordinate :
A chord perpendicular to the transverse axis is called a double ordinate.
• Latus rectum :
Focal chord perpendicular to the transverse axis is called latus rectum. Its length () is given by
2 b2 C . A . 2
=  = 2a (e2  1).

a T . A.
Note : (i) Length of latus rectum = 2 e × (distance of focus from corresponding directrix)
 b2   2   2   2 
(ii) End points of latus rectum are L   ae,  , L   ae,  b  , M    ae, b  , M    ae,  b 
a   a   a   a 
    
• Centre :
The point which bisects every chord of the conic, drawn through it, is called the centre of the
x2 y2
conic. C  (0,0) the origin is the centre of the hyperbola   1.
a2 b2
General note :
Since the fundam ental equation to hyperbola only differs from that to ellipse in having
b2 instead of b2 it will be found that many propositions for hyperbola are derived from those for ellipse
by simply changing the sign of b2.
Illustration 1 : Find the equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is 2x + y = 1, focus (1, 2) and
eccentricity 3 .
Solution : Let P(x,y) be any point on the hyperbola.
Draw PM perpendicular from P on the directrix.
Then by definition SP = e PM
 (SP) 2 = e2 (PM)2
2
 2 x  y  1
 (x – 1) + (y – 2) = 3 
2 2

 4 1 
 5 (x 2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 5}
= 3 (4x 2 + y2 + 1 + 4xy – 2y – 4x)
 7x2 – 2y2 + 12xy – 2x + 14y – 22 = 0
which is the required hyperbola.
Illustration 2 : Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola whose latus rectum is half of its transverse axis.
x2 y2
Solution : Let the equation of hyperbola be – = 1.
a2 b2
2b 2 2b 2 1
Then transverse axis = 2a and latus–rectum = . According to question = (2a)
a a 2
 2b2 = a2 ( b2 = a2 (e2 – 1))

3
 2a2 (e2 – 1) = a2  2e2 – 2 = 1  e2 =
2
3 3
 e= Hence the required eccentricity is .
2 2
Conjugate hyperbola :
Two hyperbolas such that transverse & conjugate axes of one hyperbola are respectively the conjugate
& the transverse axes of the other are called conjugate hyperbolas of each other.
x2 y2 x2 y2
eg.   1 &    1 are conjugate hyperbolas of each other..
a2 b2 a2 b2
y2 x2
Equation : – =1
b2 a2
a2
a2 = b2 (e2 – 1)  e= 1
b2
2a 2
Vertices(0,  b) ;  (L.R.) =
b
Note : (a) If e1 & e2 are the eccentrcities of the hyperbola & its conjugate then e12 + e22 = 1.
(b) The foci of a hyperbola and its conjugate are concyclic and form the vertices of a
square.
(c) Two hyperbolas are said to be similar if they have the same eccentricity.
(d) Two similar hyperbolas are said to be equal if they have same latus rectum.
(e) If a hyperbola is equilateral then the conjugate hyperbola is also equilateral.
Illustration 3 : Find the lengths of transverse axis and conjugate axis, eccentricity, the co-ordinates of foci,
vertices, length of the latus-rectum and equations of the directrices of the following hyperbola
16x2 – 9y2 = – 144.
x2 y2
Solution : The equation 16x2 – 9y2 = –144 can be written as – =–1
9 16
x2 y2
This is of the form – =–1
a2 b2
 a2 = 9, b2 = 16  a = 3, b = 4
Length of transverse axis : The length of transverse axis = 2b = 8

Length of conjugate axis : The length of conjugate axis = 2a = 6
 a2   9  5
1   1
Eccentricity : e =  b 2  =  16  = 4
 
Foci : The co-ordinates of the foci are (0, + be) i.e., (0, + 5)
Vertices : The co–ordinates of the vertices are (0, + b) i.e., (0, + 4)
2a 2 2(3)2 9
Length of latus–rectum : The length of latus–rectum = = =
b 4 2
Equation of directrices : The equation of directrices are
b 4 16
y=+  y=+  y=+
e (5 / 4 ) 5
Do Yourself :
(1) Find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (6, 4) and (– 4, 4) and eccentricity is 2.
(2) Obtain the equation of a hyperbola with coordinates axes as principal axes given that the
distances of one of its vertices from the foci are 9 and 1 units.
x2 y2
(3) The foci of a hyperbola coincide with the foci of the ellipse + = 1. Find the equation of
25 9
the hyperbola if its eccentricity is 2.
x2 y2 y2 x2
Answers : (1) 12x 2 – 4y2 – 24x + 32y – 127 = 0 (2) – = 1, – =1
16 9 16 9
(3) 3x 2 – y2 – 12 = 0.
Auxiliary Circle :
A circle drawn with centre C and transverse axis as a diameter is called the auxiliary circle of the
hyperbola. Equation of the auxiliary circle is x 2 + y2 = a2.
Note from the following figure that P & Q are called the "corresponding points" of the hyperbola & the
auxiliary circle.
Parametric representation :
x2 y2
The equations x = a sec & y = b tan  together represent the hyperbola   1 where is a
a2 b2
parameter.
Note that if P()  (a sec  b tan ) is on the hyperbola then,
Q()  (a cos  a sin ) is on the auxiliary circle.
The equation to the chord of the hyperbola joining the two points P( & Q( is given by
x αβ y α β αβ
cos  sin  cos .
a 2 b 2 2
Position of a point 'P' w.r.t. a hyperbola :

2 2
x y
The quantity S1  1  1  1 is positive, zero or negative according as the point (x 1, y1) lies inside,
a2 b2
on or outside the curve.
Illustration 4 : Find the position of the point (5, – 4) relative to the hyperbola 9x 2 – y2 = 1.
Solution : Since 9 (5)2 – (–4)2 – 1 = 225 – 16 – 1 = 208 > 0,

So the point (5,–4) lies inside the hyperbola 9x2 – y2 = 1.
Line and a hyperbola :

x2 y2
The straight line y = mx + c is a secant, a tangent or passes outside the hyperbola  1
a2 b2
according as : c 2 > or = or < a2 m 2  b2, respectively.
Tangents :
x2 y2
(i) Slope form : y = m x ± a 2 m 2 b 2 can be taken as the tangent to the hyperbola   1,
a2 b2
having slope 'm'.
x2 y2
(ii) Point form : Equation of tangent to the hyperbola   1 at the point (x 1, y1) is
a2 b2
xx1 yy 1
2
  1.
a b2
x2 y2
(iii) Parametric form : Equation of the tangent to the hyperbola   1 at the point.
a2 b2
x sec θ y tan θ
(a sec , b tan ) is   1.
a b
 θ  θ2 
 cos 1 
Note : (i) Point of intersection of the tangents at P(1) & Q(2) is  a 2 , btan θ1  θ 2 

 θ 1 θ2
  2 
 cos 
 2 
(ii) If |1 + 2| = , then tangents at these points (1 & 2) are parallel.
(iii) There are two parallel tangents having the same slope m. These tangents touches the hyperbola
at the extremities of a diameter.
x2 y2
Illustration 5 : Prove that the straight line x + my + n = 0 touches the hyperbola – =1
a2 b2
if a22 – b2 m 2 = n2.
 n
Solution : The given line is x + my + n = 0 or y=– x–
m m
Comparing this line with y = Mx + c
 n
 M=– and c = – ..........(1)
m m
x2 y2
This line (1) will touch the hyperbola 2 – =1 if c2 = a2M2 – b2
a b2
n2 a22
 = – b2 or a 2 2 – b2m 2 = n 2
m2 m2
Illustration 6 : Find the equation of the tangent to the hyperbola x2 – 4y2 = 36 which is perpendicular to the
line x – y + 4 = 0.
Solution : Let m be the slope of the tangent. Since the tangent is perpendicular to the line x – y = 0
 m × 1 = –1  m=–1
x2 y2
Since x 2 – 4y2 = 36 or – =1
36 9
x2 y2
Comparing this with – =1
a2 b2
 a2 = 36 and b2 = 9
So the equation of tangents are y = (–1) x + 36  ( 1)2  9
y = –x + 27  x+y+3 3 =0
x2 y2
Illustration 7 : Find the equation and the length of the common tangents to hyperbola – = 1 and
a2 b2
y2 x2
– = 1.
a2 b2
Solution : Tangent at (a sec , b tan ) on the 1st hyperbola is
x y
sec  – tan  = 1 .....(1)
a b
Similarly tangent at any point (b tan , a sec ) on 2nd hyperbola is
y x
sec  – tan  = 1 .....(2)
a b
If (1) and (2) are common tangents then they should be identical. Comparing the co–effecients of x
and y
sec  tan 
 = – .....(3)
a b
tan  sec 
and – =
b a
a
or sec  = – tan ......(4)
b
 sec2 – tan2 = 1
a2 b2
 tan2 – sec2= 1 {from (3) and (4)}
b2 a2
a2 b2  a2 b2  b2
tan  – (1+ tan ) = 1
  
or or  b 2 a 2  tan  = 1 + 2
2 2 2
b2 a2   a
b2
tan2 =
a2  b2
a2
and sec2 = 1 + tan2  =
a  b2
2
Hence the point of contact are

   
 a2 b2   b2 a2 
 ,  and  ,  {from (3) and (4)}
 (a 2  b 2 ) (a 2  b 2 )   (a 2  b 2 ) (a 2  b 2 ) 
(a 2  b 2 )
Length of common tangent i.e., the distance between the above points is 2 and
(a 2  b 2 )
equation of common tangent on putting the values of sec and tan in (1) is
x y
+  =1 or x  y=+ (a 2  b 2 )
(a 2  b 2 ) (a 2  b 2 )
Do Yourself :
x2 y2
(4) Show that the line x cos  + y sin  = p touches the hyperbola 2 – =1
a b2
if a cos  – b sin  = p .
2 2 2 2 2
(5) For what value of  does the line y = 2x + touches the hyperbola 16x2 – 9y2 = 144 ?
(6) Find the equation of the tangent to the hyperbola x 2 – y2 = 1 which is parallel to the line
4y = 5x + 7.
Answers : (5) =±2 5 (6) 4y = 5x ± 3
Normals :
x2 y2
(a) The equation of the normal to the hyperbola 2
 2  1 at the point P (x1, y1) on it is
a b
a2 x b2 y
 = a 2 + b 2 = a 2 e 2.
x1 y1
x2 y2
(b) The equation of the normal at the point P (a sec , b tan ) on the hyperbola 2
  1 is
a b2
ax by
 = a 2 + b 2 = a 2 e 2.
sec θ tan θ
(a 2  b 2 ) m
(c) Equation of normals in terms of its slope 'm' are y = mx  .
a 2  b 2m2
x2 y2
Illustration 8 : A normal to the hyperbola – = 1 meets the axes in M and N and lines MP and NP are
a2 b2
drawn perpendicular to the axes meeting at P. Prove that the locus of P is the hyperbola
a2x 2 – b2y2 = (a2 + b2)2.
x2 y2
Solution : The equation of normal at the point Q (a sec , b tan ) to the hyperbola – = 1 is
a2 b2
ax cos  + by cot  = a2 + b2 ........(1)
The normal (1) meets the x–axis in
 a 2  b2   a2  b2 
M  sec  , 0  and y–axis in N  0, tan  

 b
 a   
 Equation of MP, the line through M and

perpendicular to x–axis, is
 a2  b 2
 ax

x= 
 sec  or sec  = ........(2)
 (a  b 2 )
2
 a 
and the equation of NP, the line through N and perpendicular to the y–axis is
 a2  b 2
 by

y=  b
 tan  or tan  = .........(3)
 (a  b 2 )
2
 
The locus of the point of intersection of MP and NP will be obtained by eliminating  from (2)
and (3), we have sec2 – tan2 = 1
a2 x 2 b2 y 2
 – =1 or a2x 2 – b2y2 = (a2 + b2)2
(a 2  b 2 ) 2 (a 2  b 2 ) 2
is the required locus of P.
Do Yourself :
x2 y2
(7) Prove that the line lx + my – n = 0 will be a normal to the hyperbola 2 – =1
a b2
a2 b2 (a 2  b 2 ) 2
if – = .
2 m2 n2
(8) Find the locus of the foot of perpendicular from the centre upon any normal to the hyperbola
x2 y2
– = 1.
a2 b2
Answer : (8) (x 2 + y2)2 (a2y2 – b2x 2) = x 2y2 (a2 + b2)2
Pair of tangents:
The equation to the pair of tangents which can be drawn from any point (x 1, y1) to the hyperbola
x 2  y 2 = 1 is given by: SS = T² where :
a2 b2 1
2 2
x2  y2 – 1 ; x1 y1 xx1 yy1
S a S1 =  –1; T 2 – – 1.
2
b2 a 2
b 2
a b2
x2 y2
Illustration 9 : How many real tangents can be drawn from the point (4, 3) to the hyperbola – =1. Find
16 9
the equation of these tangents & angle between them.
x2 y2
Solution : Given point P  (4, 3) Hyperbola S – –1=0
16 9
16 9
 S1 
– –1=–1<0  Point P  (4, 3) lies outside the hyperbola.
16 9
 Two tangents can be drawn from the point P(4, 3).
Equation of pair of tangents is SS1 = T 2
 x2 y2  2

   1 . (– 1) =  4 x  3 y  1
 16 9 
   16 9 
x2 y2 x2 y2 xy x 2y
 – + +1= + +1– – +
16 9 16 9 6 2 3
4
 3x2 – 4xy – 12x + 16y = 0   = tan–1  
3
x2 y2
Illustration 10 : Find the locus of point of intersection of perpendicular tangents to the hyperbola =1 
a2 b2
Solution : Let P(h, k) be the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents. Equation of pair of tangents
is SS1 = T 2
 x2 y2   h2 k 2  2

   1    1 =  hx  ky  1
 a2 b2   a2 b2 
     a2 b2 
x2  k2  2  h2 

  1 – y   1 + ........ = 0 .........(i)
 b2   a2 
a2   b2  
Since equation (i) represents two perpendicular lines
1  k2  1  h2 

  1 –   1 = 0
a2  b2  b2  a2 
   
 – k 2 – b2 – h2 + a2 = 0  locus is x2 + y2 = a2 – b2
Director circle :
The locus of the point of intersection of the tangents which are at right angle is known as the director
circle of the hyperbola. The equation to the director circle is : x 2 + y2 = a2  b2.
If b2 < a2 , then the director circle is real.
If b2 = a2 (i.e. rectangular hyperbola), then the radius of the director circle is zero and it reduces to a
point circle at the origin. In this case centre is the only point from which two perpendicular tangents
can be drawn on the curve.
If b2 > a2, then the radius of the director circle is imaginary, so that there is no such circle and so no pair
of tangents at right angle can be drawn to the curve.
Chord of contact :
Equation to the chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point P(x 1, y1 ) to the hyperbola
x2 y2 xx1 yy1
– = 1 is , T = 0, where T = 2 – –1
a 2
b 2
a b2
x2 y2
Illustration 11 : If tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax intersect the hyperbola – = 1 at A and B, then find
a2 b2
the locus of point of intersection of tangents at A and B.
Solution : Let P  (h, k) be the point of intersection of tangents at A & B
xh yk
 equation of chord of contact AB is – =1 .............(i)
a 2 b2
which touches the parabola
equation of tangent to parabola y2 = 4ax
a a
y = mx +  mx – y = – .............(ii)
m m
equation (i) & (ii) as must be same
a
  2
ak
m 1 h b
 = = m  m= 2 & m = –
 h   k 1 k a b2
 2  2 
a   b 
hb 2 ak b4
 =–  locus of P is y2 = – .x
ka 2 b2 a3
Chord with a given middle point :
x 2  y 2 = 1 whose middle point is (x , y ) is T = S ,
Equation of the chord of the hyperbola a 2 2
b 1 1 1
2 2
x1 y1 xx1 yy1
where S1 = 2
 2 –1; T – – 1.
a b a 2
b2
x2 y2
Illustration 12 : Find the locus of the mid - point of focal chords of the hyperbola – = 1.
a2 b2
Solution : Let P  (h, k) be the mid-point
xh yk h2 k2
 equation of chord whose mid-point is given is – –1= – –1
a2 b2 a2 b2
since it is a focal chord,
 it passes through focus, either (ae, 0) or (–ae, 0)
If it passes through (ae, 0)
ex x2 y2
 locus is = 2 – 2
a a b
If it passes through (–ae, 0)
ex x2 y2
 locus is – = 2 – 2
a a b
x2 y2
Illustration 13 : Find the condition on 'a' and 'b' for which two distinct chords of the hyperbola – =1
2a 2 2b 2
passing through (a, b) are bisected by the line x + y = b.
Solution : Let the line x + y = b bisect the chord at P(, b – )
 equation of chord whose mid-point is P(, b – )
x y(b   ) 2 (b   ) 2
– = –
2a 2 2b 2 2a 2 2b 2
Since it passes through (a, b)
 (b   ) 2 (b   )2
 – = –
2a 2b 2a 2 2b 2
 1 1   1 1
2  2  2  +     = 0
a b  b a
1
 = 0,  =  a±b
1 1

a b
x2 y2
Illustration 14 : Find the locus of the mid point of the chords of the hyperbola – = 1 which subtend a
a2 b2
right angle at the origin.
Solution : let (h,k) be the mid–point of the chord of the hyperbola. Then its equation is
hx ky h2 k2 hx ky h2 k2
– –1= 2 – 2 –1 or – =
........(1)
2 –
a2 b2 b b a2 b2 a b2
The equation of the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the hyperbola and the
chord (1) is obtained by making homogeneous hyperbola with the help of (1)
2
 hx ky 
 2  2
x2 y2 a b 
 – = 2
a2 b2  h2 k 2 
  
 a2 b2 
 
2
1  h2 k 2 
2
1 h2 k 2  2 h2 2 k2 2 2hk
  x2 – 2   y = x + y – 2 2 xy .......(2)
a 2  a 2 b 2  b  a2 b 2  a 4
b 4
a b
 
The lines represented by (2) will be at right angle if coefficient of x + coefficient of y2 = 0
2
2 2
1  h2 k 2  2  h2 k 2  2
    – h – 1    – k =0
a2  a2 b2  a4 b2  a2 b2  b4
   
2
 h2 k 2   1 1  h2 k2
     2  2 = +
 a2 b2  a b  a4 b4
 
2
 x2 y2   1 1  x2 y2
hence, the locus of (h,k) is  2  2   2  2 = +
a b  a b  a4 b4
Do Yourself
x2 y2
(10) Find the equation of the chord – = 1 which is bisected at (2, 1).
36 9
(11) Find the point 'P' from which pair of tangents PA & PB are drawn to the hyperbola
x2 y2
– = 1 in such a way that (5, 2) bisect AB
25 16
(12) From the points on the circle x2 + y2 = a2, tangent are drawn to the hyperbola x 2 – y2 = a2, prove
that the locus of the middle points of the chords of contact is the curve (x 2 – y2)2 = a2 (x2 + y2).
 20 8 
Answers : (10) x = 2y (11)  , 
 3 3
Diameter :
The locus of the middle points of a system of parallel chords with slope 'm' of hyperbola is called its
diameter. It is a straight line passing through the centre of the hyperbola and has the equation
y =
b 2 x.
a 2m
NOTE : All diameters of the hyperbola pass through its centre.
Asymptotes :
Definition : If the length of the perpendicular let fall from a point on a hyperbola to a straight line tends
to zero as the point on the hyperbola moves to infinity along the hyperbola, then the straight line is
called asymptote of the hyperbola.
• Equations of asymptote :
x y x y
 0 and   0.
a b a b
x2 y2
• Pair of asymptotes :  2  0.
a2 b
Note : (i) A hyperbola and its conjugate have the same asymptote.
(ii) The equation of the pair of asymptotes differs from the equation of hyperbola
(or conjugate hyperbola) by the constant term only.
(iii) The asymptotes pass through the centre of the hyperbola & are equally inclined
to the transverse axis of the hyperbola. Hence the bisectors of the angles between the
asymptotes are the principle axes of the hyperbola.
(iv) The asymptotes of a hyperbola are the diagonals of the rectangle formed by the lines drawn
through the extremities of each axis parallel to the other axis.
(v) A simple method to find the co-ordinates of the centre of the hyperbola expressed as a general
equation of degree 2 should be remembered as:
Let f (x, y) = 0 represents a hyperbola.
f f f f
Find & .Then the point of intersection of =0& = 0 gives the centre of the hyperbola.
x y x y
Remarks : (i) No tangent to the hyperbola can be drawn from its centre.
(ii) Only one tangent to the hyperbola can be drawn from a point lying on its asymptotes
other than centre
(iii) Two tangents can be drawn to the hyperbola from any of its external points which does
not lie at its asymptotes
Illustration 15 : Find the asymptotes of xy – 3y – 2x = 0.

Solution : Since equation of a hyperbola and its asymptotes differ in constant terms only,
 Pair of asymptotes is given by xy – 3y – 2x +  = 0
where  is any constant such that it represents two straight lines.
 abc + 2fgh – af 2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0
2
3 1  1
 0+2×– ×–1× –0–0–   =0
2 2 2
 =6
From (1), the asymptotes of given hyperbola are given by
xy – 3y – 2x + 6 = 0 or (y – 2) (x – 3) = 0
 Asymptotes are x – 3 = 0 and y – 2 = 0
Illustration 16 : The asymptotes of a hyperbola having centre at the point (1, 2) are parallel to the lines
2x + 3y = 0 and 3x + 2y = 0. If the hyperbola passes through the point (5, 3), show that its
equation is (2x + 3y – 8) (3x + 2y + 7) = 154
Solution : Let the asymptotes be 2x + 3y +  = 0 and 3x + 2y + µ = 0. Since asymptotes passes through
(1, 2), then  = – 8 and  = – 7
Thus the equation of asymptotes are 2x + 3y – 8 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 7 = 0
Let the equation of hyperbola be
(2x + 3y – 8) (3x + 2y – 7) + v = 0 ......(1)
It passes through (5,3), then
(10 + 9 – 8) (15 + 6 – 7) + v = 0
 11 × 14 + v = 0
 v = – 154
putting the value of v in (1) we obtain
(2x + 3y – 8) (3x + 2y – 7) – 154 = 0
which is the equation of required hyperbola.
Do Yourself :
(13) Show that the tangent at any point of a hyperbola cuts off a triangle of constant area from the
asymptotes and that the portion of it intercepted between the asymptotes is bisected at the
point of contact.
Rectangular hyperbola (equilateral hyperbola) :

The particular kind of hyperbola in which the lengths of the transverse & conjugate axis are equal is
called an Equilateral Hyperbola. Note that the eccentricity of the rectangular hyperbola is 2 .
Since a = b
equation becomes x2 – y2 = a2
whose asymptotes are y =  x.
b2
e= 1 = 1 1 = 2
a2
Rotation of this system through an angle of 45° in clockwise direction gives another form to the equation of
rectangular hyperbola.
a2
which is xy = c2 where c2 = .
2
Rectangular hyperbola (xy = c2) :
It is referred to its asymptotes as axes of coordinates.
Vertices : (c, c) & ( c,  c);
Foci :   
2 c, 2 c &  2 c, 2 c , 
Directrices : x + y =  2 c
Latus Rectum (l ) :  = 2 2 c = T.A. = C.A.

Parametric equation x = ct, y = c/t, t  R – {0}
Equation of a chord joining the points P (t1) & Q(t2) is x + t1 t2 y = c (t1 + t2).
x y x
Equation of the tangent at P (x 1, y1) is  = 2 & at P (t) is + t y = 2 c.
x1 y 1 t
Equation of the normal at P (t) is x t  y t = c (t  1).
3 4
Chord with a given middle point as (h, k) is kx + hy = 2hk.

Illustration 17 : A triangle has its vertices on a rectangular hyperbola. Prove that the orthocentre of the triangle
also lies on the same hyperbola.
Solution : Let "t1", "t2" and "t3" are the vertices of the triangle ABC, described on the rectangular hyperbola
xy = c2.
 c  c  
 Co–ordinates of A,B and C are  ct1,  ,  ct 2 ,  and  ct 3 , c  respectively
t1  t  t3 
  2   
c( t 3  t 2 ) 1
Now slope of BC is c ( t  t ) t t = – t t
2 3 2 3 2 3
 Slope of AD is t2t3
c
Equation of Altitude AD is y – t = t2t3(x – ct1)
1
or t1y – c = x t1t2t3 – ct12t2t3 .....(1)

Similarly equation of altitude BE is
t2y – c = x t1t2t3 – ct1t22t3 ......(2)
Solving (1) and (2),
 c 
we get the orthocentre   t t t ,ct1t 2 t 3 
 12 3 
Which lies on xy = c 2.
Illustration 18 : A, B, C are three points on the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2, find

(i) The area of the triangle ABC
(ii) The area of the triangle formed by the tangents at A, B and C.
 c  c  c 
Solution : Let co–ordinates of A,B and C on the hyperbola xy = c 2 are  ct1,  ,  ct 2 ,  and  ct 3 , 

 t1   t2   t3 
respectively.
c c c
ct1 ct 2 ct 3
1 t1 t2 t3
(i)  Area of triangle ABC = [ c + c + c ]
2 ct ct 3 ct1
2
t2 t3 t1
c 2 t1 t 2 t2 t3 t 3 t1
=     
2 t 2 t1 t3 t2 t1 t 3
c2
= t 2t  t 2t  t t 2  t2t  t t 2  t2t
2t1t 2 t 3 1 3 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2
c2
= | (t1 – t2) (t2 – t3) (t3 – t1) |
2t1t 2 t 3
(ii) Equations of tangents at A,B,C are
x + yt12 – 2ct1 = 0
x + yt22 – 2ct2 = 0
and x + yt32 – 2ct3 = 0
2
1 t 12  2ct1
1 2
 Required Area = 2 | C C C | 1 t 2  2ct 2 .........(1)
1 2 3
1 t 32  2ct 3
1 t 22 1 t12 1 t12
where C1 = 2 , C2 = – and C =
1 t3 1 t 32 3
1 t 22
 C1 = t32 – t22, C2 = t12 – t32 and C3 = t22 – t12
1
From (1) = 4c 2.(t1 – t2)2 (t2 – t3)2 (t3 – t1)2
2 ( t 23  t 22 ) ( t12  t 32 ) ( t 22  t12 )
( t1  t 2 ) ( t 2  t 3 ) ( t 3  t 1 )
= 2c 2 ( t1  t 2 ) ( t 2  t 3 ) ( t 3  t1)
 t1  t 2 ) ( t 2  t 3 ) ( t 3  t 1 )
 Required area is, 2c2 ( t  t ) ( t  t ) ( t  t )
1 2 2 3 3 1
Illustration 19 : Prove that the perpendicular focal chords of a rectangular hyperbola are equal.
Solution : Let rectangular hyperbola is x2 – y2 = a2
Let equations of PQ and DE are
y = mx + c ......(1)
and y = m 1x + c 1 .......(2)
respectively.
Be any two focal chords of any rectangular hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2 through its focus. We have to
prove PQ = DE. Since PQ  DE.
 mm 1 = –1 ......(3)
Also PQ passes through S (a 2 ,0) then from (1),
0 = ma 2 +c
or c 2 = 2a2m 2 ......(4)
Let (x1,y1) and (x 2,y2) be the co–ordinates of P and Q then
(PQ)2 = (x 1 – x 2)2 + (y1 – y2)2 ......(5)
Since (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) lie on (1)
 y1 = mx 1 + c and y2 = mx 2 + c
 (y1 – y2) = m (x 1 – x2) .......(6)
From (5) and (6)
(PQ)2 = (x 1 – x2)2 (1 + m 2) .......(7)
Now solving y = mx + c and x 2 – y2 = a2 then x 2 – (mx + c)2 = a2
or (m 2 – 1) x 2 + 2mcx + (a2 + c 2) = 0
2mc
 x1 + x2 = –
m2  1
a2  c 2
and x 1x 2 =
m2  1
 (x 1 – x2)2 = (x 1 + x 2)2 – 4x 1x 2
4m 2c 2 4(a 2  c 2 )
= –
(m 2  1)2 (m 2  1)
4 {a 2  c 2  a 2 m 2 }
=
(m 2  1)2
4a 2 (m 2  1)
= { c 2 = 2a2m 2}
(m 2  1)2
2
 m2  1 
From (7), (PQ) = 4a  2
2 2 

 m  1
2
 m12  1 
2  
Similarly, (DE) = 4a  2
2

m
 1  1 
2
  1 2 
     1
 m   m2  1 
2
2  2  2  
= 4a   1   = 4a  m2  1  = (PQ)
2
( mm 1 = – 1)
     1   
 m 
Thus (PQ) 2 = (DE)2  PQ = DE.
Hence perpendicular focal chords of a rectangular hyperbola are equal.
Important results :
 Difference of focal distances is a constant, i.e. |PS – PS| = 2a
x2 y2
 Locus of the feet of the perpendicular drawn from focus of the hyperbola 2
 2  1 upon any tangent
a b
is its auxiliary circle i.e. x + y = a & the product of these perpendiculars is b2.
2 2 2
P
T
S S
T
 The portion of the tangent between the point of contact & the directrix subtends a right angle at the
corresponding focus.
S
T
 The tangent & normal at any point of a hyperbola bisect the angle between the focal radii. This explains
the reflection property of the hyperbola as "An incoming light ray " aimed towards one focus is
reflected from the outer surface of the hyperbola towards the other focus. It follows that if an ellipse and
a hyperbola have the same foci, they cut at right angles at any of their common point.
2 2
x2 y2 x y
Note that the ellipse 2  2  1 & the hyperbola 2 2
 2 = 1 (a > k > b > 0) are confocal
a b a k k  b2
and therefore orthogonal.
 The foci of the hyperbola and the points P and Q in which any tangent meets the tangents at the
vertices are concyclic with PQ as diameter of the circle.
P A
S S
 If from any point on the asymptote a straight line be drawn

perpendicular to the transverse axis, the product of the
segments of this line, intercepted between the point & the curve
is always equal to the square of the semi conjugate axis.
 Perpendicular from the foci on either asymptote meet it in the same points as the corresponding
directrix & the common points of intersection lie on the auxiliary circle.
x2 y2
 The tangent at any point P on a hyperbola 2  2  1 with centre C, meets the asymptotes in Q and
a b
R and cuts off a  CQR of constant area equal to ab from the asymptotes & the portion of the tangent
intercepted between the asymptote is bisected at the point of contact. This implies that locus of the
centre of the circle circumscribing the  CQR in case of a rectangular hyperbola is the hyperbola itself
& for a standard hyperbola the locus would be the curve, 4 (a2x 2  b2y2) = (a2 + b2)2.
x2 y2
 If the angle between the asymptote of a hyperbola 2  2  1 is 2  then the eccentricity of the
a b
hyperbola is sec .
 A rectangular hyperbola circumscribing a triangle also passes through the orthocentre of this triangle.
   c 
If  c t i , c  i = 1, 2, 3 be the angular points P, Q, R then orthocentre is  t t t , ct1 t 2 t 3  .
 t i  1 2 3 
 If a circle and the rectangular hyperbola xy = c 2 meet in the four points t1, t2, t3 & t4, then
(a) t1 t2 t3 t4 = 1
(b) the centre of the mean position of the four points bisects the distance between the
centres of the two curves.
(c) the centre of the circle through the points t1, t2 & t3 is :
c  1 c1 1 1 
 2  t 1  t 2  t 3  t t t , 2  t  t  t  t1 t 2 t 3 
  1 2 3  1 2 3 
Illustration 20 : A ray originating from the point (5, 0) is incident on the hyperbola 9x 2 – 16y2 = 144 at the point
P with abscissa 8. Find the equation of the reflected ray after first reflection and point P lying
in first quadrant.
x2 y2
Solution : Given hyperbola is 9x2 – 16y2 = 144. This equation can be rewritten as – = 1 ....(1)
16 9
Since x co–ordinate of P is 8. Let y
co–ordinate of P is .
 (8,) lies on (1)
64 2
 – =1
16 9
 2 = 27
 =3 3 ( P lies in first quadrant)
Hence co-ordinate of point P is (8,3 3 ).
 Equation of reflected ray passes through P (8,3 3 ) and S(–5,0)

03 3
 Its equation is y – 3 3 = (x – 8) or 13y – 39 3 = 3 3 x – 24 3
58
or 3 3 x – 13y + 15 3 = 0.
Type (I) : Very Short Answer Type Questions : [01 Mark Each]
1. The equation 15[(x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2] = (2x + y – 4)2 represent :
2. Find the position of the point (2, 3) w.r.t. to the conic 2x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 3 = 0.
3. Find the position of the point (1, 2) w.r.t. the conic x2 + 4xy + 3y2 – 3x + 6y – 13 = 0.
y2
4. The eccenticity of the ellipse (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = is
9
x2 y2
5. Eccentricity of the hyperbola, conjugate to the hyperbola  = 1 is
4 12
x2 y2
6. If – = 1 represents family of hyperbola, then distance between the foci is
cos 2  sin 2 
7. Equation of directrix of the parabola where focus is (0, 0) and the tangent at vertex is x – y + 1 = 0 is
8. PQ is a double ordinate of a parabola y2 = 48x, then prove that locus of its points of trisection is another
parabola.
9. M is the foot of the perpendicular from a point P on the parabola y2 = 8(x – 3) to its directrix and S is the focus
of the parabola, if SPM is an equilateral triangle, the length of each side of the triangle is
10. The equation ( x  2) 2  y 2 + ( x  2)2  y 2 = 4 represents
11. The equation x2y2 – 2xy2 – 3y2 – 4x2y + 8xy + 12y = 0 represent
12. If F1 = (3, 0) and F2 = (–3, 0) and P is any point on the curve 16x2 + 25y2 = 400 then PF1 + PF2 = ?
13. An ellipse has OB as a semi minor axis. F, F are its foci and the angle FBF is a right angle; then the
eccentricity of the ellipse is
14. The number of real tangents through (3, 5) that can be drawn to the ellipse 3x2 + 5y2 = 32 and
25x2 + 9y2 = 450 is
15. P is a point on the rectangular hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2, C is its centre and S, S are the two foci, then find value
of SP.SP.
16. Foci of the rectangular hyperbola are (±7, 0). the equation of the hyperbola is :
17. x2 + 4y2 + 2x + 16y + k = 0 represents ellipse then find its eccenticity
18. An ellipse through (2, 1) having eccentricity is 1/2.
19. In an ellipse if the lines joining a focus to extremities of the minor axis make an equilatral triangle with the
minor axis, the eccentricity of the ellipse is
x2 y2
20. The circle x2 + y2 = c2 contains the ellipse + = 1 where (a > b), then find relation in c and b
a2 b2
21. The distance of the point ( 6 cos , 2 sin ) on the ellipse from the centre of the ellipse is 2 if  is (where
  (0, /2)).
x2 y2
22. If the distance between the foci and the distance between the directrices of the hyperbola – = 1 are
a2 b2
in the ratio 3 : 2 then a : b is
23. If the eccentricity of the hyperbola x2 – y2 sec2  = 5 is 3 times the eccentricity of the ellipse
x sec  + y = 25, then  is
2 2 2
x2 y2
24. The equation – = 1, |r| < 1 represent
1 r 1 r
Type (II) : Long Answer Type Questions: [04 Mark Each]
25. The axis of a parabola is parallel to line x – 2y + 1 = 0. The vertex (2, 1) and the foot of the perpendicular from
focus on the line is at unit distance. Then find the equation of the parabola.
x2 y2
26. Let P be a variable point on the ellipse + = 1 with focii S and S. If A be the Area of triangle PSS,
25 16
then maximum value of A is
27. The parametric representation of a point on the ellipse where foci (2, 0) and (–4, 0) and eccentricity 1/2 is
28. Find the equation of ellipse where one of the vertices is (0, 7) and the coresponding directrix is y = 12 is
29. An equilateral triangle is inscribed in the parabola y2 = 4x one of whose vertex is at the vertex of the parabola,
the length of each side of the triangle is
30. Find the vertex, focus, equation of directrix, axis, length of L.R., equation of L.R. of the parabola
y2 + 4y + 4x + 2 = 0
31. A line bisecting the ordinate PN of a point P(at2, 2at), t > 0, on the parabola y2 = 4ax is drawn parallel to the
axis to meet the curve at Q. If NQ meets the tangent at the vertex at the point T., then find the co-ordinates
of T.
x2 y2
32. If the distance of a point P on the ellipse + = 1 from its centre is equal to the mean of the lengths
16 9
of the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis of the ellipse, then find the co-ordinates of point.
1 1 
33. An ellipse has eccentricity and a focus at point P  , 1 . One of its directrix is the common tangent near
2 2 
to the point P to the circle x + y = 1 and the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 1. Find the equation of the ellipse
2 2
1 1
34. If e and e1 are eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola , then + is equal to
e 2 e12
x2 y2
35. The point (at , 2bt) lies on the hyperbola
2
– = 1, then value of t
a2 b2
36. The curve x = t2 + t + 1 , y = t2 – t + 1 represents
37. Find the centre, the foci, the directrices, the length of the latus rectum, the length and equation of the axes
of the hyperbola 16x2 – 9y2 + 32x + 36y – 164 = 0
x2 y2
38. For hyperbola 2 – =1
a b2
S and S are foci and P is a point on the hyperbola
If C is the centre then prove that
(SP).(SP) = (CQ)2 – a2 + b2
Type (III) : Very Long Answer Type Questions: [06 Mark Each]
[(Q.39-40) (3-3 marks each)]
e t  et e t  et
If parametric equation of hyperbola is x = and y = then
2 2
39. Eccentricity of the hyperbola is
 2 
40. Eccentric angle of point  2,  on hyperbola :

 3
41. Find out the equation of parabola which is symmetric to y-axis, vertex is (0, 0) and passing through the point
(1, –2).
42. A man running on a path notes that the sum of the distances from the two flag parts from him is always 24
cm and the distance between the flag parts is 12 cm, then find the equation of the path
Comprehension
(Q.43-45) (3-3 marks each)
( 2x  y  3) 2 ( x  2y  14)2
– =1
4 2
43. Find the length of Transverse axis and Conjugate axis
44. Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola.
45. Centre of the hyperbola.
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Parabola
A-1. Find the value of  for which the equation x 2 + 4xy + y2 + x + 3y + 2 = 0 represents a parabola
A-2. Find the vertex, axis, focus, directrix, latusrectum of the parabola x2 + 2y – 3x + 5 = 0.
A-3. Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is (1, 1) and the directrix is x + y + 1 = 0.
A-4. Find the equation to the parabola whose focus is (1, –1) and vertex is (2, 1).
A-5. Find the equation of the parabola the extremities of whose latus rectum are (1, 2) and (1, –4).
A-6. Find the axis, focus, directrix and latus rectum of the parabola 9y2 – 16x – 12y – 57 = 0
A-7. Find the locus of a point whose sum of the distances from the origin and the line x = 2 is 4 units. Sketch the
path.
A-8. Find the value of  for which point (, 2 + 1) doesn't lie outside the parabola y = x2 + x + 1.
A-9. Find the set of values of  in the interval [/2, 3/2], for which the point (sin, cos) does not lie outside the
parabola 2y2 + x – 2 = 0.
A-10. A line y = x + 5 intersect the parabola (y – 3)2 = 8(x + 2) at A & B. Find the length of chord AB.
 16 
A-11. Chord joining two distinct points P(2, k1) and Q  k 2 ,  on the parabola y2 = 16x always passes through
 
a fixed point. Find the co-ordinate of fixed point.
A-12. If a circle be drawn so as always to touch a given straight line and also a given circle externally then
prove that the locus of its centre is a parabola.(given line and given circle are non intersecting)
A-13. Find the locus of the mid-points of the chords of the parabola y2 = 4ax which subtend a right angle at the
vertex of the parabola.
A-14. Two perpendicular chords are drawn from the origin ‘O’ to the parabola y = x2, which meet the parabola at P
and Q Rectangle POQR is completed. Find the locus of vertex R.
A-15. Find equation of all possible normals to the parabola x 2 = 4y drawn from point (1, 2).
A-16. Find the equation of tangents to the parabola y2 = 9x, which pass through the point (4, 10).
A-17. If ax + by = 1 is a normal to the parabola y2 = 4Px, then prove that Pa3 + 2aPb2 = b2.
A-18. Prove that the straight line x + my + n = 0 touches the parabola y2 = 4ax if n = am 2.
A-19. Find the range of c for which the line y = mx + c touches the parabola y2 = 8 (x + 2).
A-20. Find the equation of that tangent to the parabola y2 = 7x which is parallel to the straight line
4y – x + 3 = 0. Find also its point of contact.
A-21. If two tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax from a point P make angles 1 and 2 with the axis of the parabola,
then find the locus of P in each of the following cases.

(i) 1 + 2 =  (a constant) (ii) 1 + 2 =
2
(iii) tan 1 + tan2 =  (is constant)
A-22. The equation of a tangent to the parabola y2 = 8x is y = x + 2. Find the point on this line from which the other
tangents to the parabola is perpendicular to the given tangent.
A-23. If tangent at P and Q to the parabola y2 = 4ax intersect at R then prove that mid point of R and M lies
on the parabola, where M is the mid point of P and Q.
A-24. Find the equation of normal to the parabola x2 = 4y at (6, 9).
A-25. The normal at the point P(ap2, 2ap) meets the parabola y2 = 4ax again at Q(aq2 , 2aq) such that the lines
joining the origin to P and Q are at right angle. Then prove that p2 = 2.
A-26. If a line x + y = 1 cut the parabola y2 = 4ax in points A and B and normals drawn at A and B meet at C (C does
not lies on parabola). The normal to the parabola from C other, than above two meet the parabola in D, then
find D
A-27. If normal of circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y + 9 = 0 intersect the parabola y2 = 4x at P and Q then find the locus of
point of intersection of tangent’s at P and Q.
Section (B) : Ellipse

x2 y2
B-1. Find the co-ordinate of focii of ellipse + = 1.
25 16
B-2. Find the eccentricity of an ellipse of which distance between the focii is 10 and that of focus and
corresponding directrix is 15.
B-3 If focus and corresponding directrix of an ellipse are (3, 4) and x + y – 1 = 0 respectively and eccentricity
1
is then find the co-ordinates of extremities of major axis.
2
 5  x2 y2
B-4 Find the set of those value(s) of '' for which the point  7  ,   lies inside the ellipse + =1.
 4  25 16
( x  3) 2 ( y  2) 2
B-5. Write the parametric equation of ellipse + = 1.
25 16
B-6. Find the set of possible value of  for which point P(, 3) lies on the smaller region of the ellipse
9x2 + 16y2 = 144 divided by the line 3x + 4y = 12.
B-7. Find the length of chord x – 2y – 2 = 0 of the ellipse 4x2 + 16y2 = 64.
B-8. Find the equation of the ellipse having its centre at the point (2, –3), one focus at (3, –3) and one vertex at
(4, –3).
B-9. Find the equation of the ellipse whose foci are (2, 3), (–2, 3) and whose semi-minor axis is 5.
x2 y2
B-10. Find the locus of the middle points of chords of an ellipse + = 1 which are drawn through the
a2 b2
positive end of the minor axis.

B-11. Find length of subnormal to x = 2 cos t, y = – 3sin t at t = 4 .
x2 y2
B-12. Check whether the line 4x + 5y = 40 touches the ellipse + = 1 or not. If yes, then also find its
50 32
point of contact.
x2 y2
B-13. Find the equation of tangents to the ellipse + = 1 which passes through a point (15, – 4).
50 32
B-14. An ellipse passes through the point (4,  1) and touches the line x + 4 y  10 = 0. Find its equation if
its axes coincide with coordinate axes.
x2 y2
B-15. Find the equation of the tangents at the ends of the latus rectum of the ellipse + = 1 and also
a2 b2
show that they pass through the points of intersection of the major axis and directrices.
B-16. Any tangent to an ellipse is cut by the tangents at the ends of major axis in the points T and T . Prove
that the circle, whose diameter is T T  will pass through the focii of the ellipse.
x2 y2
B-17. If the normal at an end of a latus-rectum of an ellipse +
= 1 passes through one extremity of
a2 b2
the minor axis, show that the eccentricity of the ellipse is given by e4 + e2 – 1 = 0
x2 y2 25
B-18. If 'P' be a moving point on the ellipse + = 1 in such a way that tangent at 'P' intersect x =
25 16 3
at Q then circle on PQ as diameter passes through a fixed point. Find that fixed point.
B-19. A ray emanating from the point ( 4, 0) is incident on the ellipse 9x² + 25y² = 225 at the point P with
abscissa 3. Find the equation of the reflected ray after first reflection.
x2 y2
B-20. If 3x + 4y = 12 intersect the ellipse + = 1 at P and Q, then find the point of intersection of
25 16
tangents at P and Q.
x2 y2
B-21. Find the equation of chord of ellipse + = 1 whose mid point is (3, 1).
25 16
Section (C) : Hyperbola
C-1. Find the centre, eccentricity, foci and directrices of the hyperbola 16x2 – 9y2 + 32x + 36y – 164 = 0.
C-2. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is 2x + y = 1, focus (1, 2) and eccentricity 3.
C-3. For the hyperbola x2/100  y2/25 = 1, prove that

(i) eccentricity = 5 / 2
(ii) SA . SA = 25, where S & S are the foci & A is the vertex .
x2 y2
C-4. The foci of a hyperbola coincide with the foci of the ellipse + = 1. Find the equation of the
25 9
hyperbola if its eccentricity is 2.
C-5. Find the position of the point (2, 5) relative to the hyperbola 9x 2 – y2 = 1.
x2 y2
C-6. Find the length of chord x – 3y – 3 = 0 of hyperbola  = 1.
9 4
C-7. Find the equation of auxiliary circle of conic which passes through (1, 1) & is having foci (4, 5) & (2, 3).
C-8. Given the base of a triangle and the ratio of the tangent of half the base angles. Show that the vertex
moves on a hyperbola whose foci are the extremities of the base.
C-9. Show that for rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 , length of transverse axis, length of conjugate axis and length of
latus rectum are equal to 2 2 c
C-10. Find the equation of a hyperbola which passes through the points of intersection of the line x+ y – 5 = 0 &
hyperbola 2x2 – 3y2 – 6 = 0 and is also passes through (3, 4).
C-11. For what value of , does the line y = 3x +  touch the hyperbola 9x2 – 5y2 = 45 ?
x2 y2
C-12. If the straight line 2x + 2 y + n = 0 touches the hyperbola – = 1, then find the value of n.
9 16
C-13. Find the equation of the tangent to the hyperbola x²  4y² = 36 which is perpendicular to the line
xy+4=0.
C-14. The tangent & normal at a point on x2/a2  y2/b2 = 1 cut the y  axis respectively at A & B. Prove that the
circle on AB as diameter passes through the focii of the hyperbola .
C-15. If m 1 & m 2 are the slopes of the tangents to the hyperbola x2/25 – y2/16 = 1 which passes through the
point (4, 2), find the value of (i) m 1 + m 2 & (ii) m 1 m 2 .
C-16. The normal at P to a hyperbola of eccentricity e, intersects its transverse and conjugate axes at L and
e
M respectively. Show that the locus of the middle point of LM is a hyperbola of eccentricity .
2
(e  1)
C-17. Find the equations of the tangents to the hyperbola x2  9 y2 = 9 that are drawn from (3, 2) . Find the
area of the triangle that these tangents form with their chord of contact.
C-18. Find the locus of the mid points of the chords of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16, which are tangent to the
hyperbola 9 x 2  16 y2 = 144.
C-19. Chords of the hyperbola, x2  y2 = a2 touch the parabola, y2 = 4 a x. Prove that the locus of their middle
points is the curve, y2 (x  a) = x3.
x2 y2
C-20. Prove that the locus of the middle points of the chords of the hyperbola  = 1 which pass through a
a2 b2
 
fixed point (, ) is a hyperbola whose centre is  ,  .
 2 2
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Section (A) : Parabola
A-1. The equation of the parabola whose focus is ( 3, 0) and the directrix is x + 5 = 0 is:
(A) y2 = 4 (x  4) (B) y2 = 2 (x + 4) (C) y2 = 4 (x  3) (D) y2 = 4 (x + 4)
A-2. If (2, 0) is the vertex & y  axis is the directrix of a parabola, then its focus is:
(A) (2, 0) (B) ( 2, 0) (C) (4, 0) (D) ( 4, 0)
A-3. Length of the latus rectum of the parabola 25 [(x  2)2 + (y  3)2] = (3x  4y + 7)2 is:
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1/5 (D) 2/5
A-4. A parabola is drawn with its focus at (3, 4) and vertex at the focus of the parabola y2  12 x  4 y + 4 =0.
The equation of the parabola is:
(A) x 2  6 x  8 y + 25 = 0 (B) y2  8 x  6 y + 25 = 0
(C) x  6 x + 8 y  25 = 0
2
(D) x 2 + 6 x  8 y  25 = 0
A-5. Which one of the following equations parametrically represents equation to a parabolic profile?
t
(A) x = 3 cos t; y = 4 sin t (B) x 2  2 =  2 cos t; y = 4 cos 2
2
t t
(C) x = tan t; y = sec t (D) x = 1  sin t ; y = sin + cos
2 2
A-6. The points on the parabola y2 = 12x whose focal distance is 4, are
  
(A) 2, 3 , 2,  3    
(B) 1, 2 3 , 1,  2 3 
(C) (1, 2), (2, 1) (D)  2, 2 3  ,  3, 2 3 
A-7. Find the all possible values of  such that point P(, ) is outside the parabola y = x 2 + x + 1
(A) (–1, ) (B) (–, –1) (C) (–1, 1) (D) (–, )
A-8. If on a given base, a triangle be described such that the sum of the tangents of the base angles is a
constant, then the locus of the vertex is:
(A) a circle (B) a parabola (C) an ellipse (D) a hyperbola
A-9. Statement-1 : For triangle whose two vertices are ends of a double ordinate for a parabola and third
vertex lies on axis of same parabola incentre, circumcentre, centroid are collinear.
Statement-2 : In isosceles triangle incentre, circumcentre; orthocentre, centroid all lie on same line.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false
A-10. The locus of point of trisections of the focal chords of the parabola, y2 = 4x is:
(A) y2 = x  1 (B) 9y2 = 4.(3x – 4) (C) y2 = 2 (1  x) (D) None of these
A-11. The latus rectum of a parabola whose focal chord is PSQ such that SP = 3 and SQ = 2 is given by:
(A) 24/5 (B)) 12/5 (C) 6/5 (D) 23/5
A-12. The circles on focal radii of a parabola as diameter touch:

(A) the tangent at the vertex (B) the axis
(C) the directrix (D) latus rectum
A-13. A circle described on any focal chord of the parabola, y2 = 4ax as its diameter will touch
(A) the axis of the parabola (B) the directrix of the parabola
(C) the tangent drawn at the vertex of the parabola (D) latus rectum
A-14. The length of the chord y = 3 x – 2 3 intercepted by the parabola y2 = 4(x – 1) is
16 8 4
(A) 4 3 (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3
A-15. The subtangent, ordinate and subnormal to the parabola y2 = 4ax at a point (different from the origin)
are in
(A) AP (B) GP (C) HP (D) none of these
 1
A-16. If y = 2 x  3 is a tangent to the parabola y2 = 4a  x   , then ' a ' is equal to, where a  0 :
 3
14  14
(A) 1 (B)  1 (C) (D)
3 3
A-17. An equation of a tangent common to the parabolas y2 = 4x and x 2 = 4y is

(A) x – y + 1 = 0 (B) x + y – 1 = 0 (C) x + y + 1 = 0 (D) y = 0
A-18. The angle between the tangents drawn from a point ( – a, 2a) to y2 = 4 ax is
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 3 6
A-19. Equation of the normal to the parabola, y2 = 4ax at its point (am 2, 2 am) is:
(A) y =  mx + 2am + am 3 (B) y = mx  2am  am 3
(C) y = mx + 2am + am 3
(D) none
A-20. At what point on the parabola y2 = 4x the normal makes equal angles with the axes?
(A) (4, 4) (B) (9, 6) (C) (4, – 1) (D) (1, 2)
A-21. The line 2x + y +  = 0 is a normal to the parabola y2 = – 8x, then  is

(A) 12 (B) – 12 (C) 24 (D) – 24
A-22. The normal chord of a parabola y2 = 4ax at the point P(x 1, x1) subtends a right angle at the
(A) focus (B) vertex
(C) end of the latus rectum (D) none of these
A-23. The equation of the other normal to the parabola y2 = 4ax which passes through the intersection of
those at (4a,  4a) & (9a,  6a) is:
(A) 5x  y + 115 a = 0 (B) 5x + y  135 a = 0
(C) 5x  y  115 a = 0 (D) 5x + y + 115 = 0
A-24. The feet of the perpendicular drawn from focus upon any tangent to the parabola,
y = x 2  2x  3 lies on
(A) y + 4 = 0 (B) y = 0 (C) y = – 2 (D) y + 1 = 0
A-25. T is a point on the tangent to a parabola y2 = 4ax at its point P. TL and TN are the perpendiculars on the
focal radius SP and the directrix of the parabola respectively. Then:
(A) SL = 2 (TN) (B) 3 (SL) = 2 (TN) (C) SL = TN (D) 2 (SL) = 3 (TN)
A-26. The line 4x  7y + 10 = 0 intersects the parabola, y2 = 4x at the points A & B. The co-ordinates of the
point of intersection of the tangents drawn at the points A & B are:
 7 5  5 7  5 7  7 5
(A)  ,  (B)   ,  (C)  ,  (D)   , 
 2 2  2 2  2 2  2 2
A-27. The locus of the middle points of the focal chords of the parabola, y2 = 4x is:
(A) y2 = x  1 (B) y2 = 2 (x  1) (C) y2 = 2 (1  x) (D) none
A-28. The locus of the middle points of normal chords of the parabola y2 = 4a x is
(A) y4  2 a (x  2 a). y2 + 8 a4 = 0 (B) y4  2 a (x  2 a). y2 + 8 a4 = 0
(C) y  2 a (x  2 a). y + 8 a = 0
4 2 4
(D) y4  2 a (x  2 a). y2 – 8 a4 = 0
Section (B) : Ellipse
B-1. The equation of the ellipse whose focus is (1, –1), directrix is the line x – y – 3 = 0 and the eccentricity
1
is , is
2
(A) 7x 2 + 2xy + 7y2 – 10x + 10y + 7 = 0 (B) 7x 2 + 2xy + 7y2 + 7 = 0
(C) 7x 2 + 2xy + 7y2 + 10x – 10y – 7 = 0 (D) 7x2 + 4xy + 7y2 – 10x + 10y + 7 = 0
B-2. The eccentricity of the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 + 8x + 36y + 4 = 0 is

5 3 2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 5 3 3
B-3. If distance between the directrices be thrice the distance between the focii, then eccentricity of ellipse is
1 2 1 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 3 5
2
x2 y
B-4. The equation + + 1 = 0 represents an ellipse, if
2r r 5
(A) r > 2 (B) 2< r < 5 (C) r > 5 (D) r  {2, 5}
B-5. The length of the latus rectum of the ellipse 9x2 + 4y2 = 1, is
3 8 4 8
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 9 9
B-6. The equation of the ellipse with its centre at (1, 2), focus at (6, 2) and passing through the point (4, 6) is
( x  1)2 ( y  2)2 ( x  1)2 ( y  2) 2
(A)  1 (B) + =1
45 20 20 45
( x  1)2 ( y  2)2 ( x  1)2 ( y  2)2

(C)  1 (D)  1
25 16 16 25
B-7. The position of the point (1, 3) with respect to the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 – 16x – 54y + 61 = 0
(A) outside the ellispe (B) on the ellipse
(C) on the major axis (D) on the minor axis
B-8. Equation of auxilliary circle of the ellipse 2x2 + 6xy + 5y2 = 1 is

73 5
(A) (x – 1)2 + y2 = 7–3 5 (B) x2 + y2 =
2
2 4
(C) x2 + y2 = (D) (x – 1)2 + y2 =
73 5 73 5
B-9. Statement-1 : Eccentricity of ellipse whose length of latus rectum is same as distance between foci is
2sin18°.
x2 y2 b2
Statement-2 : For  = 1, eccentricity e = 1 `
a2 b2 a2
STATEMENT-1
STATEMENT-1
B-10. The curve represented by x = 3 (cos t + sin t), y = 4 (cos t – sin t), is
(A) ellipse (B) parabola (C) hyperbola (D) circle
x2 y2
B-11. If the line y = 2x + c be a tangent to the ellipse + = 1, then c is equal to
8 4
(A) ± 4 (B) ± 6 (C) ± 1 (D) ± 8
B-12. The distance of the point of contact from the origin of the line y = x – 7 with the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 12, is
5
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) (D) none of these
7
x y x2 y2
B-13. If + = 2 touches the ellipse
se + = 1 at a point P, then eccentric angle of P is
a b a2 b2
(A) 0 (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 90°
x2 y2
B-14. The point of intersection of the tangents at the point P on the ellipse  = 1 and its corresponding
a2 b2
point Q on the auxiliary circle, lies on the line :
(A) x = a/e (B) x = 0 (C) y = 0 (D) none of these
x2 y2
B-15. The equation of the locus of the middle point of the portion of the tangent to the ellipse + =1
16 9
included between the co-ordinate axes is the curve:
(A) 9x2 + 16y2 = 4 x2y2 (B) 16x2 + 9y2 = 4 x2y2
(C) 3x + 4y = 4 x y
2 2 2 2
(D) 9x2 + 16y2 = x 2y2
x2 y2
B-16. If the line x cos + y sin = p be normal to the ellipse + 2 = 1, then
a2 b
(A) p2 (a2 cos2  + b2 sin2 ) = a2 – b2 (B) p (a cos  + b2 sin2 ) = (a2 – b2)2
2 2 2
(C) p2 (a2 sec 2  + b2 cosec2 ) = a2 – b2 (D) p2 (a2 sec 2  + b2 cosec 2 ) = (a2 – b2)2
x2 y2
B-17. If F 1 & F2 are the feet of the perpendiculars from the focii S1 & S2 of an ellipse  = 1 on the
5 3
tangent at any point P on the ellipse, then (S1F1). (S2F2) is equal to :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
x2 y2
B-18. P & Q are corresponding points on the ellipse + = 1, and the auxiliary circle respectively. The
16 9
normal at P to the ellipse meets CQ in R where C is centre of the ellipse. Then (CR) is
(A) 5 units (B) 6 units (C) 7 units (D) 8 units
B-19. The equation of the chord of the ellipse 2x2 + 5y2 = 20 which is bisected at the point (2, 1) is
(A) 4x + 5y + 13 = 0 (B) 4x + 5y = 13 (C) 5x + 4y + 13 = 0 (D) 5x + 4y = 13
Section (C) : Hyperbola
C-1. The eccentricity of the conic represented by x2 – y2 – 4x + 4y + 16 = 0 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 1/2
C-2. An ellipse and a hyperbola have the same centre origin, the same foci and the minor-axis of the one is
1 1
the same as the conjugate axis of the other. If e1, e2 be their eccentricities respectively, then 2
 2=
e1 e 2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 10
C-3. Which of the following pair, may represent the eccentricities of two conjugate hyperbolas, for all
 (0, /2) ?
(A) sin , cos  (B) tan , cot  (C) sec , cosec  (D) 1 + sin , 1 + cos 
 
C-4. Statement-1 : If sec    ,  represent eccentricity of a hyperbola then eccentricity of its
 2 2
conjugate hyperbola is given by cosec.
Statement-2 : If e1, e2 are eccentricities of two hyperbolas which are conjugate to each other then
e1–2 + e2–2 = 1
STATEMENT-1
STATEMENT-1
C-5. The eccentricity of the hyperbola whose latus rectum is 8 and conjugate axis is equal to half the
distance between the foci, is :
4 4 2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
C-6. If P ( 2 sec , 2 tan ) is a point on the hyperbola whose distance from the origin is 6 where P
is in the first quadrant then  =
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 3 6 15
C-7. A rectangular hyperbola circumscribe a triangle ABC, then it will always pass through its
(A) orthocenter (B) circum centre (C) centroid (D) incentre
C-8. If P(x1, y1), Q(x 2, y2), R(x 3, y3) and S(x 4, y4) are four concyclic points on the rectangular hyperbola
xy = c2, the coordinates of orthocentre of the PQR are
(A) (x 4, y4) (B) (x4, – y4) (C) (–x 4, – x 4) (D) (– x 4, – y4)
C-9. A chord is drawn to the hyperbola xy = 4 from a point A(2, 2) which cuts it again at point B. The locus of
point P such that AP : PB = 2 :1
(A) (3x – 2) (3y – 2) = 16 (B) (2x – 3)(2y – 3) = 16
(C) xy = 2 (D) (3x – 2)(2y – 3) = 16
C-10. The number of possible tangents which can be drawn to the curve 4x2  9y2 = 36, which are perpendicular
to the straight line 5x + 2y 10 = 0 is :
(A) zero (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
 c
C-11. If the normal at  ct,  on the curve xy = c 2 meets the curve again at t, then
 t
1 1 1 1
(A) t = – (B) t = (C) t = 2 (D) t 2 = –
t3 t t t2
C-12. The equation to the chord of the hyperbola x 2 – y2 = 9 which is bisected at (5, – 3) is
(A) 5x + 3y = 9 (B) 5x – 3y = 16 (C) 5x + 3y = 16 (D) 5x – 3y = 9
C-13. The locus of the middle points of chords of hyperbola 3x 2 – 2y2 + 4x – 6y = 0 parallel to y = 2x is
(A) 3x – 4y = 4 (B) 3y – 4x + 4 = 0
(C) 4x – 4y = 3 (D) 3x – 4y = 2
x2 y2
C-14. The chords passing through L(2, 1) intersects the hyperbola – = 1 at P and Q. If the tangents
16 9
at P and Q intersects at R then Locus of R is
(A) x – y = 1 (B) 9x – 8y = 72
(C) x + y = 3 (D) None of these
C-15. Locus of the middle points of the parallel chords with gradient m of the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 is:
(A) y + mx = 0 (B) y  mx = 0 (C) my  x = 0 (D) my + x = 0
C-16. The tangents from (1, 2 2 ) to the hyperbola 16x 2 – 25y2 = 400 include between them an angle equal
to:
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3 2
C-17. The locus of the mid points of the chords passing through a fixed point (, ) of the hyperbola
x2 y 2
 = 1 is :
a 2 b2
     
(A) a circle with centre  ,  (B) an ellipse with centre  , 
 2 2  2 2
     
(C) a hyperbola with centre  ,  (D) straight line passing through  , 
 2 2  2 2
C-18. The tangent at any point P(x1, y1) on the hyperbola xy = c2 meets the co-ordinate axes at points Q & R. The
circumcentre of OQR has co-ordinates.
 x1 y1   2x1 2y1 
(A) (0, 0) (B) (x1, y1) (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 2 2  3 3 
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. Match the column
Column – I Column – II
x2 y2
(A) If the mid point of a chord of the ellipse + = 1 is (0, 3), (p) 6
16 25
4k
then length of the chord is , then k is
5
(B) Eccentric angle of one of the points on the ellipse x2 + 3y2 = 6 at (q) 8
k
a distance 2 units from the centre of the ellipse is , then k is
4
(C) If the distance between a focus and corresponding directix of an (r) 3

1
ellipse be 8 and the eccentricity be , then length of the minor
2
k
axis is , then k is
3
x2 y2
(D) Sum of distances of a point on the ellipse + = 1 from (s) 16
9 16
the focii
2. AB is a chord to the curve S and C is a point on line AB.

x2 y2
(A) If S  + – 1 = 0, A(0, 3) & (p) x 2 + y2 + 12x + 16y – 125 = 0
9 16
AC : AB = 2 : 1 then locus of C is
(B) If S  y2 – 12x = 0, A(0, 0) & (q) x 2 – y2 – 4x = 0

(C) If S  x 2 – y2 – 16 = 0, A(4, 0) & (r) 4x – y2 = 0

(D) If S  x 2 + y2 – 25 = 0, A(3, 4) & (s) 16x 2 + 9y2 + 54y – 495 = 0

3. AB is a chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax joining A(at12, 2at1) and B (at22, 2at2). Match the following
(A) AB is a normal chord (p) t2 = – t1 + 2

4
(B) AB is a focal chord (q) t2 = – t
1
1
(C) AB subtends 90º at (0, 0) (r) t2 = – t
1
2
(D) AB is inclined at 45º to the axis of parabola (s) t 2 = – t1 – t
1
4 x2 y2
4. A tangent having slope – touches the ellipse + = 1 at point P and intersects the major and
3 18 32
minor axes at A & B respectively, O is the centre of the ellipse
Column - I Column - II
4
(A) Distance between the parallel tangents having slopes – , is (p) 24
3
(B) Area of AOB is (q) 7/24
(C) If the tangent in first quadrant touches (r) 48/5

the ellipse at (h, k) then value of hk is
(D) If equation of the tangent intersecting positive axes (s) 12

is x + my = 1, then  + m is equal to
5. Column - I Column - II
(A) Number of positive integral values of b for which tangent (p) 16

parallel to line y = x + 1 can be drawn to hyperbola
x2 y2
 = 1 is
5 b2
(B) The equation of the hyperbola with vertices (3, 0) and (q) 2
(–3, 0) and semi-latusrectum 4, is given by is
4x2 – 3y2 = 4k, then k =
(C) The product of the lengths of the perpendiculars (r) 4

from the two focii on any tangent to the hyperbola
x2 y2
– = 1 is k , then k is
25 3
(D) An equation of a tangent to the hyperbola, (s) 9

16x2 – 25y2 – 96x + 100y – 356 = 0 which makes an

angle with the transverse axis is y = x +  ,  then 2 is
4
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
 u2 u2 
1.

The length of the latus rectum of the parabola whose focus is  2g sin 2,  cos 2  and directrix is
2g 
 
u2
y= , is
2g
u2 u2 2u2 2u2
(A) cos2 (B) cos2 (C) cos2 (D) cos2
g g g g
2. The vertex of a parabola is the point (a, b) and latus rectum is of length 1. If the axis of the parabola is along
the positive direction of y-axis, then its equation is :
1 1
(A) (x + a)2 = (2y – 2b) (B) (x – a)2 = (2y – 2b)
2 2
1 1
(C) (x + a)2 = (2y – 2b) (D) (x – a)2 = (2y – 2b)
4 8
3. The angle made by a double ordinate of length 8a at the vertex of the parabola y2 = 4ax is :
(A) /3 (B) /2 (C) /4 (D) /6
4. The equation of the directrix of the parabola x2 – 4x – 3y + 10 = 0 is :

(A) y = –5/4 (B) y = 5/4 (C) y = –3/4 (D) y = 4/5
5. Length of the focal chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax at a distance p from the vertex is:
2a2 a3 4a3 p2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
p p2 p2 a
6. The triangle PQR of area 'A' is inscribed in the parabola y2 = 4ax such that the vertex P lies at the
vertex of the parabola and the base QR is a focal chord. The modulus of the difference of the ordinates
of the points Q and R is:
A A 2A 4A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2a a a a
7. AB is a chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax with vertex at A. BC is drawn perpendicular to AB meeting the
axis at C. The projection of BC on the axis of the parabola is
(A) a (B) 2a (C) 4a (D) 8a
8. If P1Q1 and P2Q2 are two focal chords of the parabola y2 = 4ax. then the chords P1P2 and Q1Q2
intersect on
(A) tangent at the vertex of the parabola (B) the directrix of the parabola
(C) at x = –2a (D) y = 2a and x = –2a
9. The vertex of the locus of a point that divides a chord of slope 2 of the parabola y2 = 4x. internally in the ratio
1 : 2 is
1 2 8 1 8 2  1 1
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
10. AB, AC are tangents to a parabola y2 = 4ax. p1, p2 & p3 are the lengths of the perpendiculars from A, B
& C respectively on any tangent to the curve, then p2, p1, p3 are in:
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) none of these
11. The mirror image of the parabola y2 = 4x in the tangent to the parabola at the point (1, 2) is
(A) (x – 1)2 = 4(y – 2) (B) (x + 3)2 = 4(y + 2)
(C) (x + 1) = 4(y – 1)
2
(D) (x – 1)2 = 4 (y – 1)
12. A normal chord of the parabola subtending a right angle at the vertex makes an acute angle  with the
x  axis, then  =
(A) arc tan 2 (B) arc tan 2 (C) arc cot 2 (D) arc cot2
13. If two normals to a parabola y2 = 4ax intersect at right angles then the chord joining their feet passes
through a fixed point whose co-ordinates are:
(A) ( 2a, 0) (B) (a, 0) (C) (2a, 0) (D) (–a, 0)
14. If the normals from any point are drawn the parabola x 2 = 4y cuts the line y = 2 in points whose
abscissa are in A.P., then the slopes of the tangents at the 3 conormal points are in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these
15. If a parabola whose length of latus rectum is 4a touches both the coordinate axes then the locus of its
focus is
(A) xy = a2 (x 2 + y2) (B) x2y2 = a2 (x 2 + y2)
(C) x 2 – y2 = a2 (x 2 + y2) (D) x2y2 = a2 (x 2 – y2)
16. In the parabola y2 = 4ax, the locus of middle points of all chords of constant length c is
(A) (4ax – y2)(y2 – 4a2) = a2c2 (B) (4ax + y2)(y2 + 4a2) = a2c2
(C) (4ax + y2)(y2 – 4a2) = a2c2 (D) (4ax – y2)(y2 + 4a2) = a2c2
17. A set of points is such that each point is three times as far away from the y-axis as it is from the point (4, 0).
Then the locus of the points is :
(A) hyperbola (B) parabola (C) ellipse (D) circle
18. An arc of a bridge is semi-elliptical with major axis horizontal. The length of the base is 9 meter and the
highest part of the bridge is 3 meter from the horizontal. The best approximation of the Pillar 2 meter
from the centre of the base is :
(A) 11/4 m (B) 8/3 m (C) 7/2 m (D) 2 m
19. A line of fixed length (a + b) moves so that its ends are always on two fixed perpendicular straight lines.
The locus of the point which divided this line into portions of lengths a & b, is:
(A) an ellipse (B) an hyperbola (C) a circle (D) a straight line
20. Coordinates of the vertices B and C of a triangle ABC are (2, 0) and (8, 0) respectively. The vertex A is
B C
varying in such a way that 4 tan . tan = 1. Then locus of A is
2 2
( x  5) 2 y2 ( x  5) 2 y2
(A) + =1 (B) + =1
25 16 16 25
( x  5) 2 y2 ( x  5) 2 y2
(C) + =1 (D) + =1
25 9 9 25
x2 y2
21. The locus of point of intersection of tangents to an ellipse + = 1 at the points, the sum of
a2 b2
whose eccentric angles is constant, is :
(A) a hyperbola (B) an ellipse (C) a circle (D) a straight line
x2 y2
22. x  2y + 4 = 0 is a common tangent to y2 = 4x &  = 1. Then the value of ‘b’ and the other
4 b2
common tangent are given by :
(A) b = 3 ; x + 2y + 4 = 0 (B) b = 3; x + 2y + 4 = 0
(C) b = 3 ; x + 2y  4 = 0 (D) b = 3 ; x  2y  4 = 0
23. An ellipse with major axis 4 and minor axis 2 touches both the coordinate axis, then Locus of its
centre is
x2
(A) x2 – y2 = 5 (B) x2.y2 = 5 (C) + y2 = 5 (D) x2 + y2 = 5
4
24. An ellipse with major axis 4 and minor axis 2 touches both the coordinate axes, then locus of its focus is
(A) (x2 – y2) (1 + x2y2) = 16 x2 y2 (B) (x2 – y2) (1 – x2y2) = 16 x2 y2.
(C) (x2 + y2) (1 + x2y2) = 16 x2 y2 (D) (x2 + y2) (1 – x2y2) = 16 x2 y2.
x2 y2 y2 x2 1 1 
25. If e and e are the eccentricities of the hyperbola – = 1 and – = 1, then the point  , 
a 2
b 2
b 2
a 2
 e e 
lies on the circle :
(A) x 2 + y2 = 1 (B) x 2 + y2 = 2 (C) x2 + y2 = 3 (D) x2 + y2 = 4
26. The foci of the hyperbola 9x2 – 16y2 + 18x + 32y – 151 = 0 are
(A) (2, 3), (5, 7) (B) (4, 1), (–6, 1) (C) (0, 0), (5, 3) (D) (–4, 1), (6, 1)
27. If vertex and focus of hyperbola are (2, 3) and (6, 3) respectively and eccentricity e of the hyperbola is 2, then
equation of the hyperbola is :
( x  1)2 ( y  3)2 ( x  2) 2 ( y  3 ) 2
(A)  1 (B)  1
16 48 9 27
( x  2) 2 ( y  3 ) 2 (x  2)2 (y  3)2
(C)  1 (D)  1
16 48 6 27
x2 y2
28. P is a point on the hyperbola  = 1, N is the foot of the perpendicular from P on the transverse
a 2 b2
axis. The tangent to the hyperbola at P meets the transverse axis at T. If O is the centre of the
hyperbola, then OT. ON is equal to :
(A) e2 (B) a2 (C) b2 (D)b2/a2
x2 y2
29. Tangent at any point on the hyperbola –
= 1 cut the axes at A and B respectively. If the rectangle
a2 b2
OAPB (where O is origin) is completed then locus of point P is given by
a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2
(A) – 2 =1 (B) + 2 =1 (C) 2 – =1 (D) none of these
x 2 y x 2 y y x2
30. The number of points from where a pair of perpendicular tangents can be drawn to the hyperbola,
x 2 sec2   y2 cosec2  = 1,  (0, /4), is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
x2 y2
31. If the chord of contact of tangents from two points (x 1, y1) and (x2, y2) to the hyperbola – = 1 are
a2 b2
x1 x 2
at right angles, then is equal to
y1 y 2
a2 b2 b4 a4
(A) – (B) – (C) – (D) –
b2 a2 a4 b4
x2 y2
32. Tangents are drawn from any point on the hyperbola – = 1 to the circle x2 + y2 = 9, then the locus of
9 4
mid-point of the chord of contact is
2 2
x2 y2  x2  y2  x2 y2  x2  y2 
(A)  =  
 (B)  =  

9 4  9  9 4  9 
2 2
x2 y2  x2  y2  x2 y2  x2  y2 
(C)  =   (D)  =  
9 4  9  9 4  9 
PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

1. If (a2, a – 2) be a point interior to the region of the parabola y2 = 2x bounded by the chord joining the points
(2, 2) and (8, – 4), then the number of all possible integral values of a is :
2. If  is the distance between focus and directrix of the parabola 9x2 – 24xy + 16y2 – 20x – 15y – 60 = 0 then
6 is :
3. The number of integral values of a for which the point (–2a, a + 1) will be an interior point of the smaller region
bounded by the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and the parabola y2 = 4x, is :
4. A variable chord PQ of the parabola, y2 = 4x is drawn parallel to the line y = x. If the parameters of the
points P & Q on the parabola be p & q respectively, then (p + q) equal to.
5. The parabola whose axis is parallel to the y-axis and which passes through the points (0, 4), (1, 9) and
(–2,6), also passes through (2, ) then the value of  is :
6. A variable chord of the parabola y2 = 8x which subtend 90° angle at its vertex always passes through a fixed
point whose distance from the origin is :
   
2
7. The distance between the focus and directrix of the conic 3x  y  48 x  3y is :
8. Through the vertex O of the parabola y² = 8x, a perpendicular is drawn to any tangent meeting it at
P & the parabola at Q, then the value of OP. OQ is
9. The centre of the circle which passes through the focus of the parabola x2 = 4 y & touches it at the point
(6, 9) is (, ) then | – | is
10. Points A, B & C lie on the parabola y² = 4ax. The tangents to the parabola at A, B & C, taken in pairs,

intersect at points P, Q & R. the ratio of the areas of the triangles ABC & PQR is where  and  are

co-prime number then  +  is
11. A normal is drawn to a parabola y2 = 4ax at any point other than the vertex and it cuts the parabola again at
a point whose distance from the vertex is not less than  6 a , then the value of  is
12. If three normal are drawn through (c, 0) to y2 = 4x and two of which of perpendicular then the value of c is
x2 y2
13. P & Q are the points with eccentric angles  &  + /6 on the ellipse   1 , then the area of the
16 4
triangle OPQ is :
x2 y2
14. If P is a variable point on the ellipse + = 1 whose focii are S and S and e1 is the eccentricity
a2 b2
 1 2
and the locus of the incentre of PSS is an ellipse whose eccentricity is e2 , then the value of  1  e  e2
 1
is :
15. If ‘e’ is eccentricity and  is the length of latus rectum of the ellipse 9x2 + 5y2 – 30y = 0, then e +  is
16.  
If 0 , 3  5 is a point on the ellipse whose foci are (2, 3), (–2, 3) then the length of semimajor axis is :
17. A circle has the same centre as an ellipse & passes through the focii F1 & F2 of the ellipse, such that
the two curves intersect at 4 points. Let 'P' be any one of their points of intersection. If the major axis
of the ellipse is 17 & the area of the triangle PF1F2 is 30, then the distance between the focii is :
18. Point 'O' is the centre of the ellipse with major axis AB & minor axis CD. Point F is one focus of the
ellipse. If OF = 6 & the diameter of the inscribed circle of triangle OCF is 2, then the product (AB) (CD)
is
x2 y2
19. If 2
  1 is the equation of the ellipse whose foci are (4, 0) and (–4, 0) and whose eccentricity is 1/3,
a b2
2
then value of | a |  b  16 is :
20. If the distance of the centre of the ellipse 4(x – 2y + 1)2 + 9(2x + y + 2)2 = 25 from the origin is  times its
eccentricity, then 52 is :

21. The radius of the largest circle with centre (1, 0) that can be inscribed in the ellipse x2 + 4y2 =16 is where

 and  are prime number, then  +  is
22. Common tangents are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4x & the ellipse 3x 2 + 8y2 = 48 touching the parabola
at A & B and the ellipse at C & D, then the area of the quadrilateral ABCD is  2 the  is equal to
x2 y2
23. A circle of radius r is concentric with the ellipse + = 1 and the common tangent is inclined to
42 32
 r 2  2 
the major axis at an angle of tan–1  2 2  ; r  (b, a) then the value of  +  is
  r 
x2 y2
24. If CF is perpendicular from the centre of the ellipse 
= 1 to the tangent at P, and G is the
42 32
point where the normal at P meets the major axis, then the product CF  PG is

25. The eccentricity of an ellipse whose focii are (2, 4) & (14, 9) and touches x-axis is then the
313
value of  is
26. If e and e are the eccentricities of the ellipse 5x 2 + 9y2 = 45 and the hyperbola 5x2 – 4y2 = 45
respectively then ee =
27. If two points P & Q on the hyperbola x2/a2  y2/b2 = 1 whose centre is C be such that CP is perpendicular
1 1  1 1 
to CQ & a < b, then 2
    2  2  where  is :
2
CP CQ a b 
28. If 7x2 + pxy + qy2 + rx – sy + t = 0 is the eqaution of the hyperbola whose one focus is (–1, 1),
eccentricity = 3 and the equation of the corresponding directrix is x – y + 3 = 0, then the value of 't' is :
x2 y2
29. The hyperbola   1 passes through the point of intersection of the lines, 7x + 13y  87 = 0 &
a2 b2
5x  8y + 7 = 0 & the latus rectum is 32 2 /5. The value of 2(a2 + b2) is :
30. The curve xy = c(c > 0) and the circle x2 + y2 = 25 touch at two points, then distance between the points of
contacts is
x2 y2
31. If m1 and m2 are slopes of the tangents to the hyperbola – = 1 which passes through the point of
25 16
contact of 3x – 4y = 5 and x2 – 4y2 = 5 then 32(m1 + m2 – m1m2) = ................... .
32. Tangents are drawn from the point (, 2) to the hyperbola 3x2  2y2 = 6 and are inclined at angles  & 
to the x axis . If tan  . tan  = 2, then the value of 22  7 is
x2 y2
33. If the tangent on the point (3 sec , 4 tan ) (which is in first quadrant) of the hyperbola – = 1 is
9 16
perpendicular to 3x + 8y – 12 = 0, then the value of  is (in degree)
x2 y2
34. C the centre of the hyperbola – = 1. The tangents at any point P on this hyperbola meets the
9 16
striaght lines 4x – 3y = 0 and 4x + 3y = 0 in the points Q and R respectively. Then CQ . CR =
x2 y2 y2 x2
35. If radii of director circles of + = 1 and –
= 1 are 2r and r respectively and ee and eh be
a2 b2 a2 b2
the eccentricities of the ellipse and the hyperbola respectively then 4eh2 – ee2 is equal to
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

1. Let A be the vertex and L the length of the latus rectum of the parabola, y2  2 y  4 x  7 = 0. The
equation of the parabola with A as vertex , 2 L the length of the latus rectum and the axis at right angles
to that of the given curve is:
(A) x 2 + 4 x + 8 y  4 = 0 (B) x 2 + 4 x  8 y + 12 = 0
(C) x 2 + 4 x + 8 y + 12 = 0 (D) x 2 + 8 x  4 y + 8 = 0
2. The locus of the mid point of the focal radii of a variable point moving on the parabola, y2 = 4ax is a
parabola whose
(A) Latus rectum is half the latus rectum of the original parabola
(B) Vertex is (a/2, 0)
(C) Directrix is y-axis
(D) Focus has the co-ordinates (a,0)
3. P is a point on the parabola y2 = 4ax (a > 0) whose vertex is A. PA is produced to meet the directrix in
D and M is the foot of the perpendicular from P on the directrix. If a circle is described on MD as a
diameter then it intersects the xaxis at a point whose coordinates are:
(A) ( 3a, 0) (B) ( a, 0) (C) ( 2a, 0) (D) (a, 0)
4. Let y2 = 4ax be a parabola and x2 + y2 + 2 bx = 0 be a circle. If parabola and circle touch each other
externally then:
(A) a > 0, b > 0 (B) a > 0, b < 0 (C) a < 0, b > 0 (D) a < 0, b < 0
5. If one end of a focal chord of the parabola y2 = 4x is (1, 2), the other end lies on
(A) x 2 y + 2 = 0 (B) xy + 2 = 0
(C) xy – 2 = 0 (D) x2 + xy – y – 1 = 0
6. P is a point on the parabola y2 = 4x where abscissa and ordinate are equal. Equation of a circle passing
through the focus and touching the parabola at P is:
(A) x 2 + y2  13x + 2y + 12 = 0 (B) x 2 + y2  3x  18y + 2 = 0
(C) x + y + 13x  2y  14 = 0
2 2
(D) x2 + y2 – x = 0
7. Equation of a tangent to the parabola y2 = 12x which make an angle of 45° with line y = 3x + 77 is
(A) 2x – 4y + 3 = 0 (B) x – 2y + 12 = 0 (C) 4x + 2y + 3 = 0 (D) 2x + y – 12 = 0
8. Set of values of m for which a chord of slope m of the circle x 2 + y2 = 4 touches parabola y2 = 4x, may
lie in intervel
  2  1 
2  1  
(A)   , (B) (0 , 1/2) (C)  ,  (D) (–1/2, 0)
2  2
   
9. The tangents at the extremities of a focal chord of a parabola

(A) are perpendicular (B) are parallel
(C) intersect on the directrix (D) intersect at the vertex
10. If three normals can be drawn to the curve y2 = x from point (c, 0) then 'c' can be equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 2
11. A latus rectum of an ellipse is a line
(A) passing through a focus (B) through the centre
(C) perpendicular to the major axis (D) parallel to the minor axis
12. The equation, 3x 2 + 4y2  18x + 16y + 43 = C.
(A) cannot represent a real pair of straight lines for any value of C
(B) represents an ellipse, if C > 0
(C) no locus, if C < 0
(D) a point, if C = 0
x2 y2
13. If P is a point of the ellipse 2 + = 1, whose focii are S and S. Let PSS =  and PSS = ,
a b2
then
(A) PS + PS = 2a, if a > b (B) PS + PS = 2b, if a < b
  1 e   a2  b2
(C) tan tan = (D) tan tan = [a – a 2  b 2 ] when a > b
2 2 1 e 2 2 b2
14. If the distance between the focii of an ellipse is equal to the length of its latus rectum, then eccentricity
of the ellipse is :
5 1 5 1 5 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 5 1
15. The set of values of ‘a’ for which (13x – 1)2 + (13y – 2) 2 = a(5x + 12y – 1)2 represents an ellipse is
(A) 1 < a < 2 (B) 0 < a < 1 (C) 2 < a < 3 (D) 3 < a < 4
16. Let A() and B() be the extremeties of a chord of an ellipse . If the slope of AB is equal to the slope of
the tangent at a point C() on the ellipse, then the value of , is
     
(A) (B) (C) + (D) –
2 2 2 2
17. The tangent at any point ‘P’ on the standard ellipse with focii as S & S meets the tangents at the
vertices A & A in the points V & V, then :
(A) (AV) (A V) = b2 (B) (AV) (A V) = a2
(C) V SV = 90º (D) V S SV is a cyclic quadrilateral
18. Let F 1, F2 be two focii of the ellipse and PT and PN be the tangent and the normal respectively to the
ellipse at point P then
(A) PN bisects  F1 PF2 (B) PT bisects F1PF2
(C) PT bisects angle (180° –  F1PF2) (D) None of these
19. If 1 be the equation of the common tangent in 1st quadrant to the circle x 2 + y2 = 16 and ellipse
x2 y2
 = 1 and 1 be the length of the intercept of the common tangent between the coordinate axes
25 4
then
14
(A)  1 = (B) Equation of 1 is 2x  3 y  4 7
3
4
(C)  1 = (D) Equation of 1 is x  3y  4 7
3
20. Point/points, from which tangents to the ellipse 5x 2 + 4y2 = 20 are perpendicular, is/are :
(A) (1, 2 2 ) (B) (2 2 , 1) (C) (2, 5) (D) ( 5 , 2)
8 y2
21. The value of '', for which the line 2x – y = – 3 is a normal to the conic x2 + = 1 is
3 4
3 1 3 3
(A) (B) (C) – (D)
2 2 2 8
22. The co-ordinates of a focus of the hyperbola 9x2 – 16y2 + 18 x + 32y – 151 = 0 are
(A) (–1, 1) (B) (6, 1) (C) (4, 1) (D) (– 6, 1)
23. If (5, 12) and (24, 7) are the foci of a conic, passing through the origin then the eccentricity of conic is
(A) 386 /12 (B) 386 /13 (C) 386 /25 (D) 386 /38
24. Find the equation of latus rectum of rectangular hyperbola xy = c2

(A) x + y + 2 2 c = 0 (B) x – y + 2 2 c = 0 (C) x + y – 2 2 c = 0 (D) x – y – 2 2 c = 0
25. The equation of a hyperbola with co-ordinate axes as principal axes, if the distances of one of its
vertices from the foci are 3 & 1 can be :
(A) 3x2  y2 = 3 (B) x2  3y2 + 3 = 0 (C) x 2  3y2  3 = 0 (D) x 2  3y2  6 = 0
26. The equation 16x 2 – 3y2 – 32x + 12y – 44 = 0 represents a hyperbola

(A) the length of whose transverse axis is 4 3 (B) the length of whose conjugate axis is 8
19
(C) whose centre is (1, 2) (D) whose eccentricity is
3
27. A point moves such that the sum of the squares of its distances from the two sides of length 'a' of a
rectangle is twice the sum of the squares of its distances from the other two sides of length 'b'. The
locus of the point can be :
(A) a circle (B) an ellipse (C) a hyperbola (D) a pair of lines
28. If (3sin, 2cos) lies on the same side as that of origin w.r.t conic 2x2 – 3y2 = 6, then sin may be
4 2 1 2
(A) – (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 15
29. Which of the following equations in parametric form can represent a hyperbolic profile, where 't' is a
parameter.
a  1 b  1 tx y x ty
(A) x = t   & y = t   (B)  +t=0& + 1=0
2  t  2  t a b a b
t
(C) x = et + et & y = et  et (D) x 2  6 = 2 cos t & y2 + 2 = 4 cos2
2
30. The vertex of the hyperbola 9x2 – 16y2 – 36x + 96y – 252 = 0 is
(A) (6, 3) (B) (–2, 3) (C) (–6, 3) (D) (–6, –3)
31. A rectangular hyperbola whose centre is C is cut by any circle of radius r in four points P, Q, R and S.
Then CP2 + CQ 2 + CR2 + CS2 =
(A) 16 if r = 2 (B) 16 if r = 2 (C) 2 if r = 1 (D) 4 if r = 1
32. x2 + y2 = 16 is the auxilliary circle of

(A) 9x2 – 16y2 – 144 = 0 (B) 16x2 – 9y2 + 144 = 0
(C) 9(x – y)2 – 16 (x + y)2 – 288 = 0 (D) 16(x – y)2 – 9(x + y)2 + 288 = 0
x2 y2
33. If the chord joining the points whose eccentric angles are ‘’ and ‘’ on the hyperbola  = 1 is a focal
a2 b2
chord then
      
(A) ± ecos   = cos   (B) ± ecos   = cos  
 2   2   2   2 
 ke  1   ke  1 
(C) tan(/2) tan(/2) +   = 0 where k = ± 1 (D) tan(/2) tan(/2) +   = 0 where k = ± 1
 ke  1   ke  1 
x2 y2
34. The value of m for which y = mx + 6 is a tangent to the hyperbola – = 1 is
100 49
 17   17   20   20 
(A)   (B) –   (C)   (D) –  
 20   20   17   17 
35. Equation of a tangent passing through (2, 8) to the hyperbola 5 x 2  y2 = 5 is :

(A) 3 x  y + 2 = 0 (B) 3 x + y – 14 = 0
(C) 23 x  3 y  22 = 0 (D) 3 x  23 y + 178 = 0
36. The equation of the tangent lines to the hyperbola x 2  2y2 = 18 which are perpendicular to the line
y = x are :
(A) y = – x + 7 (B) y =  x + 3 (C) y = – x – 4 (D) y = – x – 3
37. If the normal at P to the rectangular hyperbola x2  y2 = 4 meets the axes in G and g and C is the centre
of the hyperbola, then
(A) PG = PC (B) Pg = PC (C) PG = Pg (D) Gg = PC
38. Circles are drawn on chords of rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 parallel to the line y = x as diameters. All
such circles pass through two fixed points whose co-ordinates are :
(A) (c, c) (B) (c,  c) (C) ( c, c) (D) ( c,  c)
2 y2
39. If  ,  ,  &  be the eccentric angles of feet of four conormal points of a hyperbola x2  2 = 1 from
a b
any point in its plane then  +  +  +  can be
(A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 11 (D) 12
40. If a circle and the rectangular hyperbola xy = c 2 meet in the four points t1, t2, t3 & t4, then
(A) t1 t2 t3 t4 = 1
(B) The arthmetic mean of the four points bisects the distance between the centres of the two curves.
(C) The geometrical mean of the four points bisects the distance between the centres of the two
curves.
c  1 c1 1 1 
(D) the centre of the circle through the points t1, t2 & t3 is :  2  t 1  t 2  t 3  t t t , 2  t  t  t  t1 t 2 t 3 
  1 2 3  1 2 3 
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Comprehension # 1 (Q.1 to Q.3)
Consider three lines y axis, y = 2 and x + my = 1 where (, m) lies on y2 = 4x. answer the following :
1. Locus of circum centre of triangle formed by given three lines is a parabola whose vertex is
(A) (–2, 3/2) (B) (2, –3/2) (C) (–2, –3/2) (D) (2, –5/2)
2. Area of triangle formed by vertex and end points of latus rectum of parabola obtained in questions (1) is
1 1 1 1
(A) (unit)2 (B) (unit)2 (C) (unit)2 (D) (unit)2
28 29 210 27
3. Any point on the parabola obtained in question (1) can be represented as
 1 2 3 t   t2 – 3 1 2 
(A)  2  t ,   (B)  2  32 , 2  16 t 
 32 2 16   
 1 2 3 t   1 3 t
(C)  – 2  t ,   (D)  –2  t2 , 
 32 2 16   16 2 5 
Comprehension # 2 (Q.4 to Q.6 )
Let PQ be a variable focal chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax where vertex is A. Locus of, centroid of
triangle APQ is a parabola ‘P1’
4. Latus rectum of parabola P1 is

2a 4a 8a 16a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
5. Vertex of parabola P1 is
 2a   4a   8a  a 
(A)  , 0  (B)  , 0  (C)  , 0  (D)  , 0 
 3   3   3  3 
6. Let 1 is the area of triangle formed by joining points T 1, T 2 and T 3 on parabola P1 and 2 be the area of
triangle T formed by tangents at T 1, T 2 and T 3, then
(A) 2 = 21 (B) 1 = 42
(C) orthocentre of triangle T lies on x = a/3. (D) Both (A) and (C) are correct.
x2 y2
Two tangents PA and PB are drawn from a point P(h, k) to the ellipse E : 2

 1 (a > b). Angle of the
a b2
tangents with the positive x - axis are 1 and 2. Normals at A and B are intersecting at Q point.
On the basis of above information answer the following questions.
7. Locus of P, if tan 1 . tan 2 = 4, is

y–b y b 4( x – a) y b x a
(A) = 2(x + a) (B) y2 – b2 = 2(x2 + a2) (C) = y–b (D) 
x–a xa x–b y–b
8. Circumcentre of QAB is
(A) mid point of AB (B) mid point of PQ (C) orthocentre of PAB (D) can't say
9. Locus of P, if cot 1 + cot2 = , is

(A) 2xy = (y2 – b2) (B) 2xy – (b2 – y2) = 0 (C) xy =  (D) x2 + xy = 
Comprehension # 4^ (Q.10 to Q.13)

y
Asymptotes are lines whose distance from the curve at infinity y=
– b b x
a
x 2
y 2 a x y=
tends to zero Let y = mx + c is asymptote of H = 2–1 
a b2 x
= 0. Solving the two equations, we have (b2 – a2m2) x2 – 2a2mcx – a2 O
(b2 + c2) = 0. Both roots of this equation must be infinite so
b b
m=± and c = 0 which implies that y = ± x are asymptotes
a a (b2 + c2)
x2 y2
of  = 1. Note that no real tangent can be drawn to the hyperbola from its centre and only one real
a2 b2
tangent can be drawn from a point lying on its asymptote other than centre. Further combined equation of
x2 y2 x2 y2
asymptotes is A =  = 0 and conjugate hyperbola C = +1=0. 
a2 b2 a2 b2
Hence 2A = H + C, as we can see, equation of A, H and C vary only by a constant, for asymptotes which can
be evaluated by applying condition of pair of lines.
x2 y2
10. The points of contact of tangents drawn to the hyperbola  = 1 from point (2, 1) are
3 2
9 2
(A) (3, 2), (1, 5) (B) (3, 2),  ,  (C) (1, 2), (3, 4) (D) (3, 2), (3, 4)
5 5
11. The number of real distinct tangents drawn to hyperbola 4x2 – y2 = 4 from point (1, 2) is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
12. The number of real distinct tangents drawn from point (1, 2) to hyperbola x2 – y2 – 2x + 4y – 4 = 0 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) None of these
13.. The asymptotes of xy – 3y – 2x = 0 is

(A) x + 2 = 0 and y + 3 = 0 (B) x – 2 = 0 and y – 3 = 0
(C) x – 3 = 0 and y – 2 = 0 (D) x + 3 = 0 and y + 2 = 0
Equation of the transverse and conjugate axis of a hyperbola are respectively x + 2y – 3 = 0,

2
2x – y + 4 = 0 and their respectively lengths are 2 and then answer following :
3
14. If x2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is equation of given hyperbola where h, b, g, f, c all are integers
then the sum h + b + g + f + c =
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
15. Equation of one of the directrix is

3 2
(A) 2x – y + 4 + =0 (B) x + 2y + 4 – =0
2 3
3 3
(C) 2x – y = (D) 2x – y + 4 + = 3
2 2
16. Coordinates of one of possible focus of hyperbola is
 2 1   2   1  
(A)  – 1  ,2–  (B)   – 1   ,  2 – 
 6 6

 5  5  
 2   1    2   1 
(C)   – 1 –  ,  2   (D)   –1   , 2 – 
 5  5    5  5  
PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
1. Tangent to the curve y = x2 + 6 at a point P(1, 7) touches the circle x2 + y2 + 16x + 12y + c =0 at a point
Q. Then, the coordinates of Q are [IIT-JEE 2005, Scr. (3, –1), 84]
(A) (– 6, –11) (B) (– 9, – 13) (C) (– 10, – 15) (D) (– 6, – 7)
x2 y2
2. The minimum area of triangle formed by the tangent to the ellipse + = 1 and coordinate axes is
a2 b2
[IIT-JEE-2005, Scr.(3, –1) /84]
2 2
a b
(A) ab sq. units (B) sq. unit
2
(a  b ) 2 a 2  ab  b 2
(C) sq. units (D) sq. units
2 3
3. Find the equation of the common tangent in 1 st quadrant to the circle x 2 + y2 = 16 and ellipse
x2 y2
 = 1. Also find the length of the intercept AB of the tangent between the coordinate axes.
25 4
[IIT-JEE-2005, Main.(4, 0) /60]
x2 y2
4. Tangents are drawn from any point on the hyperbola – = 1 to the circle x2 + y2 = 9. Find the locus of
9 4
mid-point of the chord of contact. [IIT-JEE-2005, Main (4, 0)/60]
5. A parabola has its vertex and focus in the first quadrant and axis along the line y = x. If the distances
of the vertex and focus from the origin are respectively 2 and 2 2 , then an equation of the parabola
is [IIT-JEE 2006, (3, –1), 184]
(A) (x + y)2 = x – y + 2 (B) (x – y)2
=x+y–2
(C) (x – y) 2 = 8(x + y – 2) (D) (x + y) 2 = 8(x – y + 2)
6. The equation of common tangent(s) to the parabola y = x2 and y = – x2 + 4x – 4 is /are

[IIT-JEE 2006, (5, –1), 184]
(A) y = 4(x – 1) (B) y = 0 (C) y = – 4(x – 1) (D) y = – 30 x – 50
Match the following [IIT-JEE 2006, (6, 0), 184]
7. Match the following. Normals are drawn at point P, Q and R lying on the parabola y2 = 4x which intersect at
(3, 0). Then
Column -  Column - 
(A) Area of PQR (p) 2
(B) Radius of circumcircle of PQR (q) 5/2
(C) Centroid of PQR (r) (5/2, 0)
(D) Circumcentre of PQR (s) (2/3, 0)
x2 y2
8*. If a hyperbola passes through the focii of the ellipse + = 1. Its transverse and conjugate axes
25 16
coincide respectively with the major and minor axes of the ellipse and if the product of eccentricities of
hyperbola and ellipse is 1, then [IIT-JEE-2006, Sec.-2 (5, –1)/184]
x2 y2 x2 y2
(A) the equation of hyperbola is – =1 (B) the equation of hyperbola is – =1
9 16 9 25
(C) focus of hyperbola is (5, 0) (D) focus of hyperbola is (5 3 , 0)
Comprehension
Let ABCD be a square of side length 2 units. C2 is the circle through vertices A, B, C, D and C1 is the circle
touching all the sides of the square ABCD. L is a line through A.
PA 2  PB 2  PC 2  PD 2
9. If P is a point on C1 and Q in another point on C2, is equal to
QA 2  QB 2  QC 2  QD 2
[IIT-JEE-2006, Sec.-3 (5, –2)/184]
(A) 0.75 (B) 1.25 (C) 1 (D) 0.5
10. A circle touch the line L and the circle C1 externally such that both the circles are on the same side of the
line, then the locus of centre of the circle is [IIT-JEE-2006, Sec.-3 (5, –2)/184]
(A) ellipse (B) hyperbola
(C) parabola (D) parts of straight line
11. A line M through A is drawn parallel to BD. Point S moves such that its distances from the line BD and the
vertex A are equal. If locus of S cuts M at T2 and T3 and AC at T1, then area of T1T2T3 is
[IIT-JEE-2006, Sec.-3 (5, –2)/184]
1 2
(A) sq. units (B) sq. units (C) 1 sq. units (D) 2 sq. units
2 3
 x2
12. STATEMENT - 1 : The curve y = + x + 1 is symmetric with respect to the line x = 1.
2
because
STATEMENT - 2 : A parabola is symmetric about its axis. [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (3, –1), 81]
(A) Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is True; Statement - 2 is a correct explanation for
Statement - 1
(B) Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is True; Statement - 2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement - 1
(C) Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is False
(D) Statement - 1 is False, Statement - 2 is True
Comprehension [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-1, (4, –1), 81]

Consider the circle x2 + y2 = 9 and the parabola y2 = 8x. They intersect at P and Q in the first and the
fourth quadrants, respectively. Tangents to the circle at P and Q intersect the x-axis at R and tangents to
the parabola at P and Q intersect the x-axis at S.
13. The ratio of the areas of the triangles PQS and PQR is
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 1 : 4 (D) 1 : 8
14. The radius of the circumcircle of the triangle PRS is
(A) 5 (B) 3 3 (C) 3 2 (D) 2 3
15. The radius of the incircle of the triangle PQR is

8
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) (D) 2
3
16. A hyperbola, having the transverse axis of length 2 sin , is confocal with the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 12. Then its
equation is [IIT-JEE-2007, Paper-1(3, –1)/81]
(A) x cosec  – y sec  = 1
2 2 2 2
(B) x sec  – y cosec2 = 1
2 2 2
(C) x sin  – y cos  = 1

2 2 2 2
(D) x2 cos2  – y2 sin2 = 1
17. Match the column [IIT-JEE-2007, Paper-2(6, 0)/81]
Column –  Column – 
(A) Two intersecting circles (p) have a common tangent
(B) Two mutually external circles (q) have a common normal
(C) Two circles, one strictly inside the other (r) do not have a common tangent
(D) Two branches of a hyperbola (s) do not have a common normal
18. Consider the two curves C1 : y2 = 4x, C2 : x2 + y2 – 6x + 1 = 0. Then, [IIT-JEE 2008, Paper-1, (3, –1), 82]
(A) C1 and C2 touch each other only at one point
(B) C1 and C2 touch each other exactly at two points
(C) C1 and C2 intersect (but do not touch) at exactly two points
(D) C1 and C2 neither intersect nor touch each other
19. Let P(x1, y1) and Q(x2 , y2), y1 < 0, y2 < 0, be the end points of the latus rectum of the ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4. The
equations of parabolas with latus rectum PQ are [IIT-JEE-2008, Main (4, 0)/82]
(A) x2 + 2 3 y = 3 + 3 (B) x2 – 2 3 y = 3 + 3
(C) x2 + 2 3 y = 3 – 3 (D) x2 – 2 3 y = 3 – 3
20. Consider a branch of the hyperbola x2 – 2y2 – 2 2 x – 4 2 y – 6 = 0 with vertex at the point A. Let B be one
of the end points of its latus rectum. If C is the focus of the hyperbola nearest to the point A, then the area of
the triangle ABC is [IIT-JEE-2008, Paper-2(3, –1)/81]
2 3 2 3
(A) 1 – (B) –1 (C) 1 + (D) +1
3 2 3 2
21. The tangent PT and the normal PN to the parabola y2 = 4ax at a point P on it meet its axis at points T and N,
respectively. The locus of the centroid of the triangle PTN is a parabola whose
[IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-2, (4, –1), 80]
 2a  2a
(A) vertex is  , 0  (B) directrix is x = 0 (C) latus rectum is (D) focus is (a, 0)
 3  3
22. The line passing through the extremity A of the major axis and extremity B of the minor axis of the ellipse
x2 + 9y2 = 9 meets its auxiliary circle at the point M. Then the area of the triangle with vertices at A, M and
the origin O is [IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-1, (3, –1)/ 80]
31 29 21 27
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 10 10 10
A
23. In a triangle ABC with fixed base BC, the vertex A moves such that cos B + cos C = 4 sin2 . If a, b and c
2
denote the lengths of the sides of the triangle opposite to the angles A, B and C respectively, then
[IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-1, (4, –1)/ 80]
(A) b + c = 4a (B) b + c = 2a
(C) locus of points A is an ellipse (D) locus of point A is a pair of straight lines
24. The normal at a point P on the ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 16 meets the x-axis at Q. If M is the mid point of the line
segment PQ, then the locus of M intersects the latus rectum of the given ellipse at the points
[IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-2, (3, –1)/ 80]
 3 5 2  3 5 19   1  4 3 
(A)   ,  (B)   , (C)   2 3 ,   (D)   2 3 , 

 2 7   2 4   7   7 
25. Match the conics in Column - I with the statements/expressions in Column - II.
[IIT-JEE-2009, Paper-1, (8, 0), 80]
Column - I Column - II
(A) Circle (p) The locus of the point (h, k) for which the
line hx + ky = 1 touches the
circle x2 + y2 = 4
(B) Parabola (q) Points z in the complex plane satisfying
|z + 2| – |z – 2| =  3
(C) Ellipse (r) Points of the conic have parametric
 1– t2  2t
representation x = 3  
2 , y =
 1  t  1 t 2
(D) Hyperbola (s) The eccentricity of the conic lies in the
interval 1  x < 
(t) Points z in the complex plane satisfying

Re(z + 1)2 = |z|2 + 1
26. An ellipse intersects the hyperbola 2x2 – 2y2 = 1 orthogonally. The eccentricity of the ellipse is reciprocal of
that of the hyperbola. If the axes of the ellipse are along the coordinate axes, then
[IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-2, (4, –1), 80]
(A) Equation of ellipse is x2 + 2y2 = 2 (B) The foci of ellipse are (±1, 0)
(C) Equation of ellipse is x2 + 2y2 = 4 (D) The foci of ellipse are (± 2 , 0)
27. Let A and B be two distinct points on the parabola y2 = 4x. If the axis of the parabola touches a circle of radius
r having AB as its diameter, then the slope of the line joining A and B can be
[IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1(3, 0)/84]
1 1 2 2
(A) – (B) (C) (D) –
r r r r
Comprehension #1
x2 y2
Tangents are drawn from the point P(3, 4) to the ellipse  = 1 touching the ellipse at point A and B.
9 4
28. The coordinates of A and B are [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-2, (3, –1), 79]
 8 2 161   9 8
 
(A) (3, 0) and (0, 2) (B)  – 5 , 15  and  – , 
   5 5
 8 2 161   9 8
 
(C)  – 5 , 15  and (0, 2) (D) (3, 0) and  – , 
   5 5
29. The orthocentre of the triangle PAB is [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-2, (3, –1), 79]
 8  7 25   11 8   8 7
(A)  5 ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 7 5 8   5 5  25 5 
30. The equation of the locus of the point whose distances from the point P and the line AB are equal, is
[IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-2, (3, –1), 79]
(A) 9x2 + y2 – 6xy – 54x – 62y + 241 = 0 (B) x2 + 9y2 + 6xy – 54x + 62y – 241 = 0
(C) 9x2 + 9y2 – 6xy – 54x – 62y – 241 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 2xy + 27x + 31y – 120 = 0
Comprehension
x2 y2
The circle x2 + y2 – 8x = 0 and hyperbola – = 1 intersect at the points A and B.
9 4
31. Equation of a common tangent with positive slope to the circle as well as to the hyperbola is
[IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1(3, –1)/84]
(A) 2x – 5 y – 20 = 0 (B) 2x – 5y+4=0
(C) 3x – 4y + 8 = 0 (D) 4x – 3y + 4 = 0
32. Equation of the circle with AB as its diameter is [IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1(3, –1)/84]
(A) x2 + y2 – 12x + 24 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 + 12x + 24 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 + 24x – 12 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 24x – 12 = 0
x2 y2
33. The line 2x + y = 1 is tangent to the hyperbola – = 1 . If this line passes through the point of
a2 b2
intersection of the nearest directrix and the x-axis, then find the eccentricity of the hyperbola.
[IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1(3, 0)/84]
34. Consider the parabola y2 = 8x. Let 1 be the area of the triangle formed by the end points of its latus rectum
1 
and the point P  , 2  on the parabola, and 2 be the area of the triangle formed by drawing tangents at P
2 
1
and at the end points of the latus rectum. Then  is [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
2
35. Let (x, y) be any point on the parabola y2 = 4x. Let P be the point that divides the line segment from (0, 0) to
(x, y) in the ratio 1 : 3. Then the locus of P is [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
(A) x2 = y (B) y2 = 2x (C) y2 = x (D) x2 = 2y
36. Let L be a normal to the parabola y2 = 4x. If L passes through the point (9, 6), then L is given by
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (4, 0), 80]
(A) y – x + 3 = 0 (B) y + 3x – 33 = 0 (C) y + x – 15 = 0 (D) y – 2x + 12 = 0
x2 y2
37. Let the eccentricity of the hyperbola 2 – = 1 be reciprocal to that of the ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4. If the
a b2
hyperbola passes through a focus of the ellipse, then
x2 y2
(A) the equation of the hyperbola is – = 1 (B) a focus of the hyperbola is (2, 0)
3 2
5
(C) the eccentricity of the hyperbola is (D) the equation of the hyperbola is x2 – 3y2 = 3
3
x2 y2
38. Let P(6, 3) be a point on the hyperbola 2
  1 . If the normal at the point P intersects the x-axis at
a b2
(9, 0), then the eccentricity of the hyperbola is [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
5 3
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 3
2 2
x2 y2
39. The ellipse E1 :   1 is inscribed in a rectangle R whose sides are parallel to the coordinate axes.
9 4
Another ellipse E2 passing through the point (0, 4) circumscribes the rectangle R. The eccentricity of the
ellipse E2 is [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (3, –1), 70]
2 3 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 4
x2 y2
40. Tangents are drawn to the hyperbola –  1 , parallel to the straight line 2x – y = 1. The points of
9 4
contacts of the tangents on the hyperbola are [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]
 9 1   1 
   
9
(A)  ,  (B)  – ,–  (C) 3 3 , – 2 2 (D) – 3 3 , 2 2
2 2 2   2 2 2
41. Let S be the focus of the parabola y2 = 8x and let PQ be the common chord of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y = 0
and the given parabola. The area of the triangle PQS is. [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]
Paragraph for Question Nos. 42 to 43
Let PQ be a focal chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax. The tangents to the parabola at P and Q meet at a
point lying on the line y = 2x + a, a > 0. [IIT-JEE - 2013, Paper-2, (3,–1), 60]
42. Length of chord PQ is

(A) 7a (B) 5a (C) 2a (D) 3a
43. If chord PQ subtends an angle  at the vertex of y2 = 4ax, then tan =
2 –2 2 –2
(A) 7 (B) 7 (C) 5 (D) 5
3 3 3 3
44. The common tangents to the circle x 2 + y2 = 2 and the parabola y2 = 8x touch the circle at the points P,
Q and the parabola at the points R, S. Then the area of the quadrilateral PQRS is
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 15
Paragraph For Questions 45 and 46

Let a, r, s, t be nonzero real numbers. Let P(at2, 2at), Q, R (ar2, 2ar) and (as2, 2as) be distinct points on
the parabola y2 = 4ax. Suppose that PQ is the focal chord and lines QR and PK are parallel, where K is
the point (2a, 0) [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
45. The value of r is
1 t2  1 1 t2 – 1
(A) – (B) (C) (D)
t t t t
46. If st = 1, then the tangent at P and the normal at S to the parabola meet at a point whose ordinate is
(t 2  1)2 a(t 2  1)2 a( t 2  1)2 a( t 2  2)2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2t 3 2t 3 t3 t3
PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. Let P be the point (1, 0) and Q a point on the locus y2 = 8x. The locus of midpoint of PQ is
[AIEEE-2005 (1½, 0), 225]
(1) x2 – 4y + 2 = 0 (2) x2 + 4y + 2 = 0 (3) y2 + 2x + 2 = 0 (4) y2 – 4x + 2 = 0
2. An ellipse has OB as semi minor axis, F and F´ as foci and the angle FBF´ is a right angle. Then the
eccentricity of the ellipse is : [AIEEE 2005 (3, 0), 225]
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 4 2 2
1
3. A focus of an ellipse at the origin. The directrix is the line x = 4 and accentric is , then the length at
2
the semi major axis is [AIEEE 2005 (3, 0), 225]
8 2 4 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 3
4. The locus of a point P(,) moving under the condition that the line y = x +  is a tangent to the hyperbola
x2 y2
2
  1 is : [AIEEE - 2005 (3, 0), 225]
a b2
(1) a hyperbola (2) a parabola (3) a circle (4) an ellipse
a3 x 2 a2 x
5. The locus of the vertices of the family of parabolas y = + – 2a is :[AIEEE-2006 (3, –1), 120]
3 2
3 35 64 105
(1) xy = (2) xy = (3) xy = (4) xy =
4 16 105 64
6. In an ellipse, the distances between its foci is 6 and minor axis is 8. Then its eccentricity is :
[AIEEE 2006 (3, –1), 120]
1 4 1 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 5 5 5
7. The equation of a tangent to the parabola y2 = 8x is y = x + 2. The point on this line from which the other
tangent to the parabola is perpendicular to the given tangent is [AIEEE 2007 (3, –1), 120]
(1) (–1, 1) (2) (0, 2) (3) (2, 4) (4) (–2, 0)
x2 y2
8. For the hyperbola 2
– = 1, which of the following remains constant when  varies ?
cos  sin 2 
[AIEEE 2007 (3, –1), 120]
(1) Eccentricity (2) Directrix
(3) Abscissae of vertices (4) Abscissae of foci
9. The ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4 is inscribed in a rectangle alingent with the coordinate axes, which in turn is inscribed
in another ellipse that passes through the point (4, 0). Then the equation of the ellipse is :
[AIEEE 2009 (4, –1), 144]
(1) x2 + 12y2 = 16 (2) 4x2 + 48y2 = 48 (3) 4x2 + 64y2 = 48 (4) x2 + 16y2 = 16
10*. Equation of the ellipse whose axes are the axes of coordinates and which passes through the point
2
(–3, 1) and has eccentricity is : [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
5
(1) 3x 2 + 5y2 – 32 = 0 (2) 5x 2 + 3y2 – 48 = 0
(3) 3x 2 + 5y2 – 15 = 0 (4) 5x 2 + 3y2 – 32 = 0
11. The equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (–2, 0) and (2, 0) and eccentricity is 2 is given by :
[AIEEE 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
(1) x2 – 3y2 = 3 (2) 3x2 – y2 = 3 (3) – x2 + 3y2 = 3 (4) – 3x2 + y2 = 3
12. Statement-1 : An equation of a common tangent to the parabola y2 = 16 3 x and the ellipse 2x2 + y2 = 4
is y = 2x + 2 3 . [AIEEE - 2013, (4, – ¼) 120 ]
4 3
Statement-2 : If the line y = mx + , (m  0) is a common tangent to the parabola y2 = 16 3 x and the
m
ellipse 2x2 + y2 = 4, then m satisfies m4 + 2m2 = 24.
(1) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(3) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(4) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
13. An ellipse is drawn by taking a diameter of the circle (x – 1)2 + y2 = 1 as its semi-minor axis and a diameter
of the circle x2 + (y – 2)2 = 4 is semi-major axis. If the centre of the ellipse is at the origin and its axes are the
coordinate axes, then the equation of the ellipse is : [AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
(1) 4x2 + y2 = 4 (2) x2 + 4y2 = 8 (3) 4x2 + y2 = 8 (4) x2 + 4y2 = 16
x2 y2
14. The equation of the circle passing through the foci of the ellipse  = 1, and having centre at (0, 3) is
16 9
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, – ¼) ]
(1) x2 + y2 – 6y – 7 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 6y + 7 = 0
(3) x2 + y2 – 6y – 5 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 6y + 5 = 0
15. The locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the centre of the ellipse x2 + 3y2 = 6 on any tangent to it is:
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – ¼), 120]
(1) (x2 + y2)2 = 6x2 + 2y2 (2) (x2 + y2)2 = 6x2 – 2y2
(3) (x2 – y2)2 = 6x2 + 2y2 (4) (x2 – y2)2 = 6x2 – 2y2
16. The slope of the line touching both the parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = – 32y is :
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – ¼), 120]
1 2 1 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
8 3 2 2
17. The area (in sq.units) of the quadrilateral formed by the tangents at the end points of the latera recta to the
x2 y2
ellipse   1 , is [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – ¼), 120]
9 5
27 27
(1) (2) 18 (3) (4) 27
4 2
18. Let O be the vertex and Q be any point on the parabola, x2 = 8y. If the point P divides the line segment OQ
internally in the ratio 1 : 3, then the locus of P is [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – ¼), 120]
(1) x2 = y (2) y2 = x (3) y2 = 2x (4) x2 = 2y
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Through the vertex 'O' of the parabola y2 = 4ax, variable chords OP and OQ are drawn at right angles.
If the variable chord PQ intersects the axis of x at R, then prove that distance OR is equal to latus
rectum of the parabola.
2. From the focus of the parabola, y2 = 8x as centre, a circle is described so that a common chord of the
curves is equidistant from the vertex & focus of the parabola. Find the equation of the circle.
3. Prove that in a parabola the angle  that the latus rectum subtends at the vertex of the parabola
2 3
isindependent of the latus rectum and lies between & .
3 4
4. A parabola y = ax 2 + bx + c crosses the x  axis at (, 0) (, 0) both to the right of the origin. A circle also
passes through these two points. Find the length of a tangent from the origin to the circle.
5. If from the vertex of a parabola a pair of chords be drawn at right angles to one another and with these
chords as adjacent sides a rectangle be made, prove that the locus of the further angle of the rectangle
is the parabola y2 = 4a (x – 8a).
6. A parabola is drawn to pass through A and B, the ends of a diameter of a given circle of radius a, and
to have as directrix a tangent to a concentric circle of radius b; then axes being AB and a perpendicular
x2 y2
diameter, prove that the locus of the focus of the parabola is 2 +=1
b b  a2 2
7. If ,  are eccentric angles of the extremities of a focal chord of an ellipse, then eccentricity of the
ellipse is
x2 y2
8. If circumcentre of an equilateral triangle inscribed in 2 + = 1, with vertices having eccentric
a b2
angles , ,  respectively is (x 1, y1), then find  cos cos +  sin  sin .
9. Prove that the distance of the point ( 6 cos  , 2 sin ) on the ellipse x2/6 + y2/2 = 1 from the centre of
the ellipse is 2, if = 5/4
10. Find the eccentricity of the ellipse which meets the straight line 2x – 3y = 6 on the x-axis and the
straight line 4x + 5y = 20 on the y-axis and whose axes lie along the coordinates axes.
11. Find the locus of extremities of latus rectum of the family of ellipse b2x 2 + y2 = a2b2 where b is a
parameter (b2 < 1).
12. A series of concentric ellipses E1, E2, ......, En are drawn such that En touches the extremities of the
major axis of En –1 and the foci of En coincide with the extremities of minor axis of En – 1. If the eccentricity
of the ellipses is independent of n, then find the value of the eccentricity.
13. A point moves such that the sum of the square of the distances from two fixed straight lines intersecting
at angle 2 is a constant. Prove that the locus is an ellipse of eccentricity
cos 2   cos 2 
if  < and if  >
cos  4 sin  4
x y
14. If m is a variable, then prove that the locus of the point of intersection of the lines – = m and
3 2
x y 1
+ = is a hyperbola.
3 2 m
15. Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola with its principal axes along the co-ordinate axes and which

passes through (3, 0) & 3 2 , 2 . 
2 2
x y x 2 y2 1
16. If the foci of the ellipse  2 = 1 & the hyperbola  = coincide then find the value of b2.
25 b 144 81 25
17. Find the points of intersection of the curves whose parametric equations are x = t2 + 1, y = 2t and
x = 2s, y = 2/s.
18. The equations of the transverse and conjugate axes of a hyperbola are respectively x + 2y – 3 = 0,
2x – y + 4 = 0, and their respective lengths are 2 and 2/ 3 . Then find the equation of the hyperbola .
x2 y2
19. If P is any point common to the hyperbola   1 and the circle having line segment joining its
16 25
focii as diameter then find the sum of focal distances of point P.
20. The transverse axis of a hyperbola is of length 2a and a vertex divides the segment of the axis between
the centre and the corresponding focus in the ratio 2 : 1. Find the equation of the hyperbola.
x2 y2
21. If AB is a double ordinate of the hyperbola 2 – = 1 such that OAB (O is the origin) is an
a b2
2
equilateral triangle, then prove that the eccentricity ‘e’ of the hyperbola satisfies e > .
3
x2 y2
22. If x cos  + y sin  = p, a variable chord of the hyperbola –
= 1 subtends a right angle at the
a2 2a 2
centre of the hyperbola, then the chords touch a fixed circle, find the radius of the circle.
23. If the distance between the centres of the hyperbolas :
x2 – 16xy – 11y2 – 12x + 6y + 21 = 0 ..... (i)
9x2 – 16y2 – 18x – 32y – 151 = 0 ..... (ii) is d then 125 d2 = .................
24. Find an equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is the normal to circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 9 = 0 having slope
is 2 and eccentricity is equal to radius of given circle when focus of hyperbola is centre of the given circle.
25. If r1, r2 be the length of the perpendicular chords of the parabola y2 = 4ax drawn through the vertex, then
show that (r1r2)4/3 = 16a2(r12/3 + r22/3).
26. Prove that the circle circumscribing the triangle formed by any three tangents to a parabola passes
through the focus.
27. A chord is a normal to a parabola and is inclined at an angle  to the axis; prove that the area of the
triangle formed by it and the tangents at its extremities is 4a2 sec3  cosec3 
28. From an external point P, pair of tangent lines are drawn to the parabola, y2 = 4x. If 1 & 2 are the

inclinations of these tangents with the axis of x such that, 1 + 2 = , then find the locus of P .
4
29. TP and TQ are tangents to the parabola and the normals at P and Q meet at a point R on the curve ;
prove that the centre of the circle circumscribing the triangle TPQ lies on the parabola 2y2 = a(x – a).
30. From an external point P, tangents are drawn to the parabola; find the equation of the locus of P when
these tangents make angles 1 and 2 with the axis, such that cos 1 cos 2 = , which is constant.
x2 y2
31. A straight line PQ touches the ellipse = 1 and the circle x2 + y2 = r2(b < r < a). RS is a focal chord
a2 b2
of the ellipse. If RS is parallel to PQ and meets the circle at points R and S. Find the length of RS.
32. A pair of tangents are drawn to the parabola which are equally inclined to a straight line whose inclination
to the axis is  ; prove that the locus of their point of intersection is the straight line y = (x – a) tan 2.
x2 y2
33. PQ is the chord joining the points whose eccentric angles are 1 and 2on the hyperbola  = 1,
a2 b2
x2 y2
If 1 – 2 = 2, where  is constant, prove that PQ touches the hyperbola cos2 – = 1.
a2 b2
34. Prove that the normals at the points, where the straight line x + my = 1 meets the parabola y2 = 4ax,

4am 4am  2 
meet on the normal at the point  2 , 
on the parabola.

  
35. Prove that the equation to the circle, which passes through the focus and touches the parabola y2 =4ax
at the point (at2, 2at), is x2 + y2 – ax(3t2 + 1) – ay (3t – t3) + 3a2t2 = 0.
Prove also that the locus of its centre is the curve 27ay2 = (2x – a) (x – 5a)2.
36. Two tangents to the parabola y² = 8x meet the tangent at its vertex in the points P & Q. If PQ = 4 units,
prove that the locus of the point of the intersection of the two tangents is y² = 8 (x + 2).
37. Find locus of a point P if the three normals drawn from it to the parabola y2 = 4ax are such that two of
them make complementry angles with the axis of the parabola
x2 y2
38. Find the locus of the mid-points of the chord of the hyperbola  = 1 which subtend a right angle at the
a2 b2
origin is
39. Prove that the orthocentre of any triangle formed by three tangents to a parabola lies on the directrix.
40. If tangent drawn at a point (t², 2t) on the parabola y² = 4x is same as the normal drawn at a point
( 5 cos  2 sin ) on the ellipse 4x² + 5y² = 20. Find the values of t & 
x2 y2
41. Find the condition so that the line px + qy = r intersects the ellipse 2
 = 1 in points whose
a b2

eccentric angles differ by
.
4
42. Prove that the minimum length of the intercept made by the axes on the tangent to the ellipse
x2 y2
+ 2 = 1 is equal to a + b.
a2 b
43. Prove that the sum of the eccentric angles of the extremities of a chord of an ellipse, which is drawn in
a given direction is constant and is equal to twice the eccentric angle of the point at which the tangent
is parallel to the given direction.
44. If the normals at , ,  , on an ellipse are concurrent, prove that (cos)(sec ) = 4
45. If a chord joining the points P (a sec , a tan ) & Q (a sec , a tan ) on the hyperbola x 2  y2 = a2 is
a normal to it at P, then show that tan  = tan  (4 sec2   1) .
x2 y2
46. Find the condition so that the line px + qy = r intersects the ellipse 2
 = 1 in points whose
a b2

eccentric angles differ by .
4
x2 y2
47. Show that the equation of the pair of tangents to the ellipse 2  2 = 1 at the points of intersection
a b
 x2 y2 
 
with the line, p x + q y + 1 = 0 is ,  2  2  1 (p2 a2 + q2 b2  1) = (p x + q y + 1) 2.
a b 
x2 y2 x2 y2
48. A tangent to the ellipse   1 meets the ellipse   a  b at the points P and Q; prove
a2 b2 a b
that the tangents at P and Q are at right angles.
49. Chords of the hyperbola x2/a2  y2/b2 = 1 are tangents to the circle drawn on the line joining the foci as
diameter . Find the locus of the point of intersection of tangents at the extremities of the chords .
50. Find the locus of the point, the chord of contact of the tangents drawn from which to the ellipse
x2 y2
  1 touches the circle x 2 + y2 = c 2, where c < b < a.
a2 b 2
51. Find the locus of centre of a family of circles passing through the vertex of the parabola y2 = 4ax, and cutting
the parabola orthogonally at the other point of intersection.
x2 y2 x2 y2
52. From any point on the hyperbola H1 :  = 1 tangents are drawn to the hyperbola H :  = 2.
a 2 b2 2
a 2 b2
Then find the area cut-off by the chord of contact on the asymptotes of H2 .
53. The chord PQ of the rectangular hyperbola xy = a2 meets the x-axis at A; C is the mid point of PQ & 'O'
is the origin. Then prove that the  ACO is isosceles.
54. If the normals at (xi, yi), i = 1, 2, 3, 4 on the rectangular hyperbola, xy = c2, meet at the point (, ) show that
(i) xi =  (i) yi =  (iii) xi = yi = –c2,
(iv) xi = 
2 2
(v) yi = 
2 2
7. Let the equation of directrix be x – y +  = 0

BOARD LEVEL : HINT & SOLUTIONS Distance between the focus and directrix is twice the
distance between the focus and the tagent at vertex.
Type (I)
 1
 =2× {focus lies on the same side of
1. The given equation can be written as 2 2
2 2 the directrix and tangent at vertex}
 1   2x  y  4  x–y+2=0
(x – 1) + (y – 2) = 
2  
 
2

 3  5 
8. RS = 2k, 8R = 2k, PL = 8k
here (1, 2) lies on 2x + y – 4 = 0, to the equation
P(h, 3k)
represents pair of straight lines but eccentricity is
B lies on y2 = 4ax
less than 1. so imaginary pair of straight lines.
9k2 = 4ah  9y2 = 4ax.
2. 2(x2 – 3x) + y2 + 4y – 3 = 0
2
 3 23
 2  x   + (y + 2)2 = this is an ellipse
 2 2
9. SMP = 60º
S1 : 2(2)2 + (3)2 – 6(2) + 4(3) – 3 > 0 point lies outside SMZ = 30º
the conic.
SZ
= sin 30º
3. x2 + 4xy + 3y2 – 3x + 6y – 13 = 0 SM
 a = 1, h = 2, b = 3, g = –3/2, f = 3, c = –13
D0  h2 > ab SM = 2(SZ) = 8
so the equation represent hyperbola
S1 : 1 + 8 + 12 – 3 + 12 – 13 > 0 point lies inside 10. The given equation represents the line joining the points
the conic. (–2, 0) and (2, 0).
4. 9(x – 3)2 + 9(y2 – 8y + 16) – y2 = 0 11. y2(x2 – 2x – 3) – 4y(x2 – 2x – 3) = 0

 9(x – 3)2 + 8(y2 – 9y) + 144 = 0  y(y – 4) (x – 3) (x + 1) = 0
which given four straight lines
2
 9 y = 0, y = 4, x = 3, x = –1
9(x – 3) + 8  y   = 18
2
which form a square.
 2
x2 y2 16 3
 9
2
12. + =1  e= 1 =
y   25 16 25 5
( x  3) 2  2 2 1
 + = 1 e = 1 4 = focii are (± 3, 0) which one F1 and F2
2 9 9 3
so sum of focal radii is length of major axis = 10
4
5. Equation of the conjugate hyperbola x2 y2
13. 2 +=1
a b2
x 2
y 2
4 2
– = –1 eccentricity = 1 =  F(ae, e), F (–ae, 0), B(0, b)
4 12 12 3
b
2 2 MBF = , MBF = b/ae
x y ae
6. 2 – =1
cos  sin 2 
b  b 
    = –1  b2 = a2 e2
2
sin   ae   ae 
a2 = cos2 e= 1
cos 2  1
 a2 – a2 e2 = a2 e2  e = .
2
b = sin 
2 2
1  tan 2  = sec 
e=
distance between two focii = 2ae 14. Since 3(3)2 + 5(5)2 – 32 > 0
= 2 cos  · sec  = 2 (constant ) lies outside 3x2 + 5y2 = 32
25(3)2 + 3(5)2 – 450 < 0 lies inside
Thus the required number of tangent is 2.
15. P(x, y) , C(0, 0) , S(a 2 , 0), S(–a, 0) 23. 1  cos 2  = 3 1  cos 2 

a a 1 
 SP = x , SP = 2 x  cos2  =   =
2 2 2 2 4
2 a2 24. 1 – r is positive and 1 + r is also positive

(SP) (SP) = 2 x  = 2x2 – a2 = x2 + y2 = (CP)2
2 x2 y2
 given equation is of the form – =1
7 a2 b2
49
16. ae = 7  a =  x2 – y2 =
2 2
Type (II)
17. (x2 + 2x + 1) + 4(y2 + 4y + 4) – 17 + k = 0 25. Let the equation of axis is x – 2y +  = 0. It pases

( x  1)2 4( y  2)2 through vertex (2, 1) so  = 0 equation of axis
 + =1 x – 2y = 0 equation of tangent at vertex
17  k 17  k 2x + y – 5 = 0 distance between the line
1 3 1
e= 1 = x – 2y + 1 = 0 and x – 2y = 0 is =
4 2 5
2 2
x y 1
18. Let equation be 2 + = 1 given e =
a b2 2
1 b2 4 1
=1– 2 ...(1) and 2 + =1 ...(2)
4 a a b2
solving (1) and (2)
16 2
a2 = ,b =4
3
1 2
19. SBB is equilateral in BB = SB a= 1 = equation of parabola
5 5
 2b = a2e2  b2
2
 4b2 = a2e2 + b2  x  2y   2   2x  y  5 
  = ±4   
 


3b2 = a2 e2  
 5   5  5 
 3.[1 – e2] = e2
 (x – 2y) = ±8(2x + y – 5)
2
3
 4e2 = 3  e = .
2
x2 y2
26. + =1
25 16
P(5 cos , 4 sin )
20. S  (3, 0) , S (–3, 0)
1
PSS = × 6 × 4 sin 
2
PSS = 12 sin 
Max. Area = 12 sq. unit.
21. 6 cos2  + 2 sin2  = 4
1  27. 2ae = 6 centre (–1, 0)
 4 cos2  = 2  cos2  =   = 2a = 12 parametric co-ordinates on ellipse
2 4
2a = 12
2ae 3 3 a=6 (–1 + 6 cos , 3 3 sin )
22. =  e2 =
2a / e 2 2
3
b=6× =3 3
b2 3 2
 1 + = a:b= 2 :1
a2 2
32. Mean of semi minor and semi major axes are

x2 y2
28. Let the equation of ellipse be  =1 43 7
b2 a2 =
2 2
vertex (0, 7) = (0, a)  a=7
Given equation of directrix y = 12 ; y = a/e 49
P(4 cos , 3 sin ) given 16 cos2  + 9 sin2  =
7 4
 a/e = 12  e=
12 91 105
28 cos2  = 13  cos  = ± , sin  = ±
b 2
49 b 2 14 14
Now e = 1– 2  =1– 2
a 144 a  2 91 3 105 
 
 P    7 ,  14 
b2 95 95.49  
 2 =  b2 =
a 144 144 1 
Now equation of ellipse can be written as 33. e = 1/2 ; Focus (P) =  , 1
2 
x 2 ·144 y2
+ =1 144x2 + 95y2 = 4655 P1 P
95 ·49 49 using P M = e = 1/2
1
where P1 is moving point
29. AB = , AM =  cos 30º ,
BM =  sin 30º 2
 1
 x –   y – 1
2
 3   2 1
 
B   2 , 2  1– x

2
 
B lies on y = 4x
2
1 1 2
 x2 + – x + y2 + 1 – 2y = (x + 1 – 2x)
4 4
2  3 3x2 + 4y2 – 2x – 8y + 4 = 0

  = 4  
  =8 3
2  2  34. Let equation of hyperbola be
30. (y + 2)2 – 4 + 4x + 2 = 0 x2 y2 b2
– =1  e= 1
 1 a2 b2 a2
(y + 2) = – 4  x – 
2
 2 equation of its conjugate will be
where y = y + 2 ; a = 1 ; x = x – 1/2
x2 y2 y2 x2 a2
(x, y) (x, y) – = –1  – = 1 e1 = 1
Vertex (0, 0) (1/2, –2) a2 b2 b2 a2 b2
Focus (–1, 0) (–1/2, –2)
Equation of x=1 x = 3/2 1 a2 1 b2 1 1
 and   2
 =1
directrix (x = a) e 2 2
a b 2 e12 a b2 2
e e12
axis y=0 y = –2
Length of L.R. 4 4 4  20
35. t4 – 4t2 = 1  t2 =  t2 = 2 ± 5
x = –1 x = –1/2 2
1 2  t2 = 2 + 5, t2  2 – 5  t2 > 0
31. Q   at , at  ; N  (at2, 0)
4 
36. x = t2 + t + 1  y = t2 – t + 1
equation of NQ,
x–y
0  at  x – y = 2t  t=
y= 2
1 2 (x – at )
2
2
at  at 2
4 x–y x– y
x=   +   +1
4  2   2 
 y = (x – at2)  x2 + y2 – 2xy – 2x – 2y + 4 = 0
3t
a = 1, b = 1, c = +4, t = –1, g = –1, h = – 1
 4  D0  h2 = ab
T  0, at 
 3   Parabola
37. Centre  (1, 2) foci  (4, 2) & (–6, 2) 41. Since the parabola is symmetric to y-axis its equa-
the directrix  5x – 4 = 0 and 5x + 14 = 0 tion can be x2 = 4ay or x2 = –4ay
but parabola passing through (1, –2) which is in fourth
32 quadrant.
length of L.R. =  6, 8, y – 2 = 0 , x + 1 = 0
3
x2 = –4ay  (1)2 = – 4(a) (–2)
 1 = +8a  a = +1/8
x2 y2
38. – =1 ...(1) 1
a2 b2
x2 = –4 × ×y  2x2 = –y
8
SP = ex – a ;SP = ex + a
42. 2a = 24 cm  2ae = 12 cm
 b  2
 
(SP).(SP) = e2 x2 – a2 = 1  2  x2 – a2 1
a  e=  b2 = a2(1 – e2)
  2
 1 3
b2 = 144 1   = 144 × = 36 × 3 = 108
 4 4
x2 y2
 + =1
144 108
2 2
 2x  y  3   x  2y  14 
43.   × 5 –   × 5 =1
 4   2
 5   5 
b2 x 2
= x2 + – a2 + b2 – b2 = x2 – a2 + y2 + b2
a2
2 2
2x  y  3  x  2y  14 
(SP) (SP) = (CP) – a + b 2 2 2
 
5  5 
Hence Prove [x2 + y2 = (CP)2]  – =1
4 2
5 5
Type (III)
39. 2x = et + e–t  4x2 = e2t + e–2t + 2 3y = et – e–t 4 2 2 2

a2 = a= , b2 = b=
9y = e + e
2 2t –2t
–2  4x – 9y = 42 2 5 5 5 5
x2 y2 4 2 4
 – =1
1 4/9 2a = , 2b = 2 ; Length of T.A. =
5 5 5
b2 4 13 4 2 2
e= 1 2 = 1 = 2a = , 2b = 2 ; C.A. = 2
a 9 3 5 5 5
40. Let 2 = a sec  2 = 1 sec ...(i) (CA )2 1 3

44. eccentricity = 1 = 1 =
(TA )2 2 2
2 2 2
= b tan  = tan  ...(ii)
3 3 3 45. Solving 2x + y = 3 and x – 2y = –14
 8 31 
3 3 centre is  – , 
 3 = sin   sin  =   = /3  5 5 
2 2
EXERCISE - 1  25 16 
B-20.  ,  B-21. 48x + 25y – 169 = 0
 4 3 
PART - I
Section (A) Section (C)
A-1. 4 5
C-1. Centre (–1, 2), e = ,
3
 3 11   3 15 
A-2. vertex   ,   , focus  ,  
 2 8  2 8  14 4
foci = (4, 2), (–6, 2), x = –and x =
5 5
3 7
axis x = , directrix y = – . Latus rectum = 2. C-2. 7x – 2y + 12xy – 2x + 14y – 22 = 0
2 2
2 8 C-4. 3x2 – y2 – 12 = 0 C-5. Inside

A-3. x2 – 2xy + y2 – 6x – 6y + 3 = 0
8
A-4. 4x2 – 4xy + y2 + 8x + 46y – 71 =0 C-6. 10 C-7. (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 25
A-5. (y + 1)2 = 3(2x + 1) & (y + 1)2 = –3(2x – 5) 3
C-10. 2x2 – 3y2 + 18x + 18y – 96 = 0
 61 2   485 2 
,  ,x = 613 ,
2 16 C-11. =±6 C-12. n = ± 2
A-6. y= ,  ,  , 
3  16 3   144 3  144 9
C-13. x+y±3 3 =0
A-7. 2
x y 2 + |x – 2| = 4 A-8_.  [0, 1] C-15. (i) –16/9 (ii) –20/9
A-9.   [/2, 5/6]  [, 3/2] 5 3

C-17. y x  ; x – 3 = 0 ; 8 sq. unit
12 4
A-10_. 8 2 A-11_. (4, 0)
2 2 C-18. (x2 + y2)2 = 16 x2 - 9 y2
A-12. x = (a – b) + 2y (a – b)
A-13. y2 – 2ax + 8a2 = 0 A-14. y = x2 + 2
A-15_. x+y=3 PART - II
A-16. 4y = 9x + 4, 4y = x + 36
A-19. (– , – 4]  [4, ) Section (A)
A-20. x – 4y + 28 = 0 at (28, 14) A-1. (D) A-2. (C) A-3. (D)
A-21. (i) y = (x – a) tan , (ii) x = a, (iii) y = x A-4. (A) A-5. (B) A-6. (B)
A-22. (–2, 0) A-24. x + 3y = 33 A-7. (D) A-8. (B) A-9. (A)
A-26. (4a, 4a) A-27. x + 2y – 3 = 0 A-10_. (D) A-11. (A) A-12. (A)
Section (B) A-13. (B) A-14_. (B) A-15. (B)
A-16. (D) A-17. (C) A-18. (B)
 1 A-19. (A) A-20. (D) A-21. (C)
B-1. (± 3, 0) B-2. e  
 2  A-22. (A) A-23. (B) A-24. (A)
 12 16  A-25. (C) A-26. (C) A-27. (B)
B-3. ((2, 3) & (6, 7)) B-4  , . A-28. (A)
 5 5 
Section (B)
B-5. (x = 3 + 5cos, y = – 2 + 4sin)
B-1. (A) B-2. (D) B-3. (C)
4 4 B-4. (B) B-5. (C) B-6. (A)
B-6. << B-7_. 35 B-7. (C) B-8_. (B) B-9. (C)
5 17
B-10. (A) B-11. (B) B-12. (C)
B-8. 3x2 + 4y2 – 12x + 24y + 36 = 0
B-13. (B) B-14. (C) B-15. (A)
B-9. 5x2 + 9y2 – 54y + 36 = 0
B-16. (D) B-17. (B) B-18. (C)
x2 y2 y B-19. (B)
B-10. + = B-11. (9/2)
a2 b2 b Section (C)
B-12. (yes, (5, 4)) C-1. (B) C-2. (B) C-3. (C)
B-13. 4x + 5y = 40, 4x – 35y = 200. C-4. (D) C-5. (C) C-6. (A)
B-14. x 2 + 64 y2 = 80 & x 2 + 4 y2 = 20 C-7. (A) C-8. (D) C-9_. (A)
B-15. ex ± y = a, – ex ± y = a C-10. (A) C-11. (A) C-12. (C)
B-18. (3, 0) C-13. (A) C-14. (B) C-15. (A)
B-19. 12 x + 5 y = 48; 12 x  5 y = 48 C-16. (D) C-17. (C) C-18. (B)
PART - III PART - III

1. (A)  (q), (B)  (r), (C)  (s), (D)  (q) 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C)
2_. (A) (s), (B) (r), (C) (q), (D) (p) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (C)
3. (A)  (s), (B)  (r), (C)  (q), (D)  (p) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (A)
4. (A)  (r), (B)  (p), (C)  (s), (D)  (q) 10. (B) 11. (A) 12. (D)
5. (A)  (q), (B)  (s), (C)  (s), (D)  (r) 13_. (C) 14. (A) 15. (A)
16. (A)
EXERCISE - 2
EXERCISE - 3
PART - I
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B) PART - I
4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (C)
7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (C) 1. (D) 2. (A)
10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (B)
13. (B) 14. (B) 15. (B) 14
3. AB = , 2x  3 y  4 7
16. (D) 17. (C) 18. (B) 3
19. (A) 20. (A) 21. (D)
22. (A) 23. (D) 24. (C) 2
x2 y2  x2  y2 
25. (A) 26. (B) 27. (C) 4.  =  

28. (B) 29. (A) 30. (D)
9 4  9 
31. (D) 32. (A) 5. (C) 6*. (AB)
7. (A) (p), (B) (q), (C) (s), (D) (r)
PART - II 8*. (AC) 9. (A) 10. (C)
1. 1 2. 3 3. 0 11. (C) 12. (A) 13. (C)
4. 2 5. 18 6. 24 14. (B) 15. (D) 16. (A)
7. 12 8. 16 9. 23 17. (A)  p, q, (B)  p, q, (C)  q, r, (D)  q, r
10. 3 11. 4 12. 3 18. (B) 19*. (BC) 20. (B)
13. 2 14. 2 15. 4 21*. (AD) 22. (D) 23*. (BC)
16. 3 17. 13 18. 65 24. (C)
19. 24 20. 18 21. 14 25. (A)  (p), (B)  (s, t), (C)  (r), (D)  (q, s)
22. 55 23. 7 24. 9 26*. (AB) 27*. (CD) 28. (D)
25. 13 26. 1 27. 1 29. (C) 30. (A) 31. (B)
28. 77 29. 57 30. 10 32. (A) 33. 2 34. 2
31. 22 32. 4 33. 30 35. (C) 36*. (ABD) 37*. (BD)
34. 25 35. 6 38. (B) 39. (C) 40. (AB)
41. 4 42. (B) 43. (D)
44. (D) 45. (D) 46. (B)
PART - III
1. (AB) 2. (ABCD) 3. (AD)
4. (AD) 5. (ABD) 6. (AD) PART - II
7. (BC) 8^. (AC) 9. (AC)
10. (CD) 11. (ACD) 12. (ABCD) 1. (4) 2. (4) 3. (1)
13. (ABC) 14. (BD) 15. (BC) 4. (1) 5. (4) 6. (4)
16. (AC) 17. (ACD) 18. (AC) 7. (4) 8. (4) 9. (1)
19. (AB) 20. (ABCD) 21. (AC) 10*. (1,2) 11. (2) 12. (2)
22. (CD) 23. (AD) 24. (AC) 13. (4) 14. (1) 15. (1)
25. (AB) 26. (BCD) 27. (CD) 16. (3) 17. (4) 18. (4)
28. (BC) 29. (ACD) 30. (AB)
31. (BD) 32_. (ABCD) 33. (AC)
34. (AB) 35. (AC) 36. (BD)
37. (ABC) 38. (AD) 39. (ABC)
40. (ABD)
c
1. 4a 2. (x – 2) 2 + y2 = 9 4.
a
2 2
sin   sin  9 x1 9 y1 3 7
7. 8. + – 10.
sin(  ) 2a 2 2b 2 2 4
5 1 13
11. x 2 ± ay = a2 12. 15.
2 3
16. 16 17. (2, 2)
2 3
18. (2x – y + 4) 2 – (x + 2y – 3) 2 = 1 19. 2 66
5 5
20. 5x2 – 4y2 = 5a2 22. 2a 23. 25
24. 11x2 – y2 + 4x – 16xy + 38y – 61 = 0 28. xy1=0
30. x 2 = m2 {(x – a)2 + y2} 31. RS = 2b 37. y2 = a (x  a)
1 1 
40.  = – tan–1 2, t =  ;  =  + tan12, t = ;  =  , t = 0
5 5 2

41. a2p2 + b2q2 = r2sec2 = (4 – 2 2 ) r 2
8
 x2 y2 1
46. a2p2 + b2q2 = r2sec2 = (4 – 2 2 ) r 2 49. 4
 4  2
8 a b a  b2
x2 y2 1
50.
4
 4
 51. 2y2(2y2 + x2 – 12ax) = ax(3x – 4a)2
a b c2
52. 4 ab
VRAZ ACADEMY
Shivaji Path, Dada Patil Wadi, Naupada, Thane West,
Thane Maharashtra 400602
Mobile : +91 7992487298, +91 9011754658
Email : vrazacademy@gmail.com | Website :
www.vrazacademy.com
FOLLOW US ON
vrazacademy #vrazacademy
vrazacademy www.vrazacademy.com

Main & Advanced: Mathematics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Main & Advanced: Mathematics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Main & Advanced: Mathematics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 1 Part - I : Subjective Questions 48 – 62

Exercise # 2 Part - I : Only one option correct type 62 – 74

Exercise # 3 Part - I : JEE (Advanced) / IIT JEE Problems 74 – 81

Advance Level Problems : Subjective Questions 82 – 84

Distinguishing various conics :

a parabola an ellipse a hyperbola rectangular hyperbola

e = 1;   0, 0 < e < 1;   0; e > 1;   0; e > 1;   0

h² = ab h² < ab h² > ab h² > ab; a + b = 0

(5) (2x – y – 3) 2 = – 20 (x + 2y – 4), Axis 2x – y – 3 = 0. LL = 4 5 .

Illustration 3 : Find the parametric equation of the parabola (x – 1)2 = –12 (y – 2)

Position of a point relative to a parabola:

Line & a parabola:

Length of the chord intercepted by the parabola Secant

Illustration 5 : Discuss the position of line y = x + 1 with respect to parabola y2 = 4x.

(t1 + t2) y – 2at12 – 2at1t2 = 2x – 2at12

 This line passes through a fixed point (– ak, 0).

(9) Find the midpoint of the chord x + y = 2 of the parabola y2 = 4x.

Answers : (8) (– , 1/3) (9) (4, – 2) (10) (1, – 4)

Tangents to the parabola y² = 4ax :

(i) y y1 = 2 a (x + x 1) at the point (x 1, y1) ;

Normals to the parabola y² = 4ax :

Normal is obtained using the slope of tangent.

(i) Point of intersection of normals at t1 & t2 is (a (t 12 + t 22 + t1t2 + 2),  a t1 t2 (t1 + t2)).

Answer : (i) y2 – 2ax = x2 , (ii) x2 = 2 {(x – a)2 + y2}

Answers : (25) (1, 8)

Chord with a given middle point:

Equation of the chord of the parabola y² = 4ax whose middle point is

Solution : Let P(h, k) be the mid point of chord of parabola y2 = 4ax,

Answers : (26) x–y–2=0 (27) y (2ax – y2) = 4a2b

(iii) The tangents at the extremities of a focal chord

(v) If the tangents at P and Q meet in T, then:

 algebraic sum of the slopes of the three concurrent normals is zero.

x   y    

Since, line intersect the parabola at two distinct points,

2a 3 b b b

(iii) Equation of a normal in terms of its slope 'm' is y = mx 

 Two tangents can be drawn from the point P(4, 3).

Let us consider two perpendicular lines as x & y axes

Chord with a given middle point :

Solution : Let the line x + y = b bisect the chord at P(, b – )

 a2 > 7b2 – 6ab which is the required condition.

Definition : A hyperbola is defined as the locus of a point moving

Standard equation & definition(s)

=  = 2a (e2  1).

 2b2 = a2 ( b2 = a2 (e2 – 1))

Length of transverse axis : The length of transverse axis = 2b = 8

Position of a point 'P' w.r.t. a hyperbola :

Solution : Since 9 (5)2 – (–4)2 – 1 = 225 – 16 – 1 = 208 > 0,

Line and a hyperbola :

So the equation of tangents are y = (–1) x + 36  ( 1)2  9

Hence the point of contact are

 Equation of MP, the line through M and

Illustration 15 : Find the asymptotes of xy – 3y – 2x = 0.

Rectangular hyperbola (equilateral hyperbola) :

Vertices : (c, c) & ( c,  c);

Latus Rectum (l ) :  = 2 2 c = T.A. = C.A.

Chord with a given middle point as (h, k) is kx + hy = 2hk.

or t1y – c = x t1t2t3 – ct12t2t3 .....(1)