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203058A_954
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2021 16-04
Activity
Application exercises:
For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the group
number and CCC to the last 3 digits of the identification number.
1. An electromagnetic wave of f =CCC MHz is transmitted from the bottom of a ship to a
receiver located at p=1 Km depth. The wave is emitted with an advance angle of
a=(5+ ¿)° . Determine the time it takes for the wave to reach the receiver.
Figure 1: wave propagation in open media.

Image recovered from https://www.ee.co.za/article/new-economics-marine-environmental-
monitoring.html
For development, follow the following steps:
a. Calculate the tangent of losses tan(δ)=σ /ω ε .
b. Classify the behavior of the medium.
c. Calculate the propagation parameters of the wave γ , α and β .
d. Calculate the propagation speed of the V p wave. V p=ω/ β
e. Calculate the distance d between the ship and the receiver. d=P /cos ( a ) .
f. Based on V p and d determine the time t of the route. d=t∗V p
Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific
Interpretation: according to the concepts explored, explain the meaning of the value
obtained for tan ( δ ) and t .
Then: 𝑓 = (055) 𝑀𝐻𝑧 = 055𝑀𝐻𝑧 = 055𝑥106 𝐻𝑧

Selected propagation medium: sea water
Copper conductivity: 𝛔 = 4 Copper electrical permittivity: 𝛆𝐫 = 80
σ σ
Tan: = =16.3636
ωε 2 πfεrεo
𝛿 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−116.3636
𝛿 = 86.5029
Table 3: Propagation parameters in open media.
Parameter Not dissipative Lost low Dielectrics with Good
dielectric losses conductors
y 𝑗𝜔√𝜇 𝑗𝜔√𝜇 √𝒋𝝎𝝁(𝝈 + 𝒋𝝎𝜺) √𝑗𝜔𝜎𝜇𝑜
a 0 𝜎𝜂 2 ⁄ 𝑹𝒆(y) √𝜋𝑓𝜎𝜇𝑜
B 𝜔√𝜇 𝜔√𝜇 𝑰𝒎(y) √𝜋𝑓𝜎𝜇
n √𝜇 ⁄e √𝜇 ⁄e √𝒋𝝎𝝁 (𝝈 + 𝒋𝝎𝜺) √𝑗𝜔𝜇𝑜 𝜎 ⁄ 𝜇
𝜇 = 𝜇𝑟𝜇𝑜 ; 𝜇𝑟 = 1 (𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎); 𝜇𝑜 = 1.2566x10−6 T m/A
𝑝 = 1𝑘𝑚 = 1000𝑚𝑡𝑟𝑠
𝑎 = 78
Distance between the ship and the receiver
𝑑 = 𝑃/𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎)
𝑑 = 1000𝑚𝑡𝑟𝑠/𝑐𝑜(78)
𝑑 = 4809.73 𝑚𝑡𝑟𝑠
𝑑=𝑡∗𝑉𝑝
𝑡 = 0.00041 𝑠𝑔
2. From an airplane, which is h 1=1250 m high, a communication signal f =CCC MHz is
emitted to a submarine that is h 2=800 m deep, the angle of incidence of the signal on
the sea surface is a=(5+ ¿)° . Determine the time it takes for the signal to reach the
submarine. Note that Co=3 x 108 m/ s.
Figure 2: wave propagation in bounded open media.

Image recovered from https://byjus.com/physics/characteristics-of-sound-wavesamplitude/
For development, follow the following steps:
a. Calculate the distance between the plane and the point of incidence at sea
d 1=h1 /sen ( a ).
b. Calculate the velocity of propagation of the wave V p 1 in the air (V p 1=Co/n ), where n
is the refractive index of air.
c. Using Snell's Law, calculate the angle of refraction of the wave in the sea.
d. Calculate the distance between the point of incidence in the sea and the submarine.
e. Calculate the propagation speed of the wave V p 2 at sea (take V p from exercise 1).
f. Based on V p 1 and d 1 determine the time t 1of the first path (t 1=d 1 /V p 1).
g. Based on V p 2 and d 2 determine the time t 2of the second path (t 2=d 2 / V p 2).
h. Calculate the total time of the route t=t 1+ t 2.
obtained for V p 1 ,V p 2 and t .
For development, follow the following steps: a. Calculate the distance between the
plane and the point of incidence at sea 𝑑1 = ℎ1/𝑠𝑒(𝑎).
1250
d 1= =1277.92 mtrs
sen (78 °)
b. Calculate the velocity of propagation of the wave 𝑉𝑝1 in the air (𝑉𝑝1 = 𝐶𝑜/𝑛), where
𝑛 is the refractive index of air.
𝑉𝑝1 = 𝐶𝑜/𝑛
3∗108
Vp 1= =2.99912245∗108
1.00029
c. Using Snell's Law, calculate the angle of refraction of the wave in the sea.
𝑛2 =
𝐶𝑜/ 𝑉𝑝2
8
3∗1 0
7
=25.64 m/sg
1.17∗1 0
A 2=Sen−1 ( nn12 sen ( A 1))=0.4647

d. Calculate the distance between the point of incidence in the sea and the submarine
800
d 2= =800.02mtr
cos ( 0.47 )
e. Calculate the propagation speed of the wave 𝑉𝑝2 at sea (take 𝑉 𝑝 from exercise 1).
𝑣𝑝2 = 1.17 ∗ 107
F. Based on 𝑉𝑝1 and 𝑑1 determine the time 𝑡1 of the first path (𝑡1 = 𝑑1/𝑉𝑝1).
d1 −6
t 1= =4.23∗1 0
vp 1
g. Based on 𝑉𝑝2 and 𝑑2 determine the time 𝑡2 of the second path (𝑡2 = 𝑑2/𝑉𝑝2).
d2
t 2= =6.83∗10−5
vp 2
h. Calculate the total time of the route 𝑡 = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2. 𝑡 = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = 0.000072 𝑠𝑒𝑔
3. A lossless transmission line has a characteristic impedance of Z 0=75 Ω, a length of
L=5 m and is excited by a signal of f =500 MHz . The line is connected to an antenna
with load impedance Z L =(45+ j 45)Ω. Taking into account that V p=3 x 107 m/s, calculate:
a. Wavelength λ .
b. Electrical length l .
c. Input impedance Z¿ .
d. Reflection coefficient Γ (magnitude and phase).
e. VSWR.
f. Check the results c, d and e with the Smith 4.1 software.
Figure 3: Transmission line.

obtained for Z¿ , Γ and VSWR .

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Post task - Final activity

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Felix mateo ciro valencia

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Figure 1: wave propagation in open media.

Then: 𝑓 = (055) 𝑀𝐻𝑧 = 055𝑀𝐻𝑧 = 055𝑥106 𝐻𝑧

𝜇 = 𝜇𝑟𝜇𝑜 ; 𝜇𝑟 = 1 (𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎); 𝜇𝑜 = 1.2566x10−6 T m/A

Figure 2: wave propagation in bounded open media.

A 2=Sen−1 ( nn12 sen ( A 1))=0.4647

Figure 3: Transmission line.

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