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    This document summarizes the three domain system of classification for life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Archaea are the most ancient bacteria and are found in extreme habitats. They have unique cell membranes and differ from bacteria and eukaryotes in their nucleotide sequences. Bacteria are true prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan. Eukaryotes are made up of eukaryotic cells across four kingdoms - Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. They are resistant to antibiotics that affect prokaryotes.

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    3 Domain

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    23 views12 pages
    This document summarizes the three domain system of classification for life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Archaea are the most ancient bacteria and are found in extreme habitats. They have unique cell membranes and differ from bacteria and eukaryotes in their nucleotide sequences. Bacteria are true prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan. Eukaryotes are made up of eukaryotic cells across four kingdoms - Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. They are resistant to antibiotics that affect prokaryotes.

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    This document summarizes the three domain system of classification for life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Archaea are the most ancient bacteria and are found in extreme habitats. They have unique cell membranes and differ from bacteria and eukaryotes in their nucleotide sequences. Bacteria are true prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan. Eukaryotes are made up of eukaryotic cells across four kingdoms - Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. They are resistant to antibiotics that affect prokaryotes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views12 pages

    3 Domain

    Uploaded by

    krish
    This document summarizes the three domain system of classification for life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Archaea are the most ancient bacteria and are found in extreme habitats. They have unique cell membranes and differ from bacteria and eukaryotes in their nucleotide sequences. Bacteria are true prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan. Eukaryotes are made up of eukaryotic cells across four kingdoms - Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. They are resistant to antibiotics that affect prokaryotes.

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    FLORAL DIVERSITY

    THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE


    • Three domain of life- Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
    • Proposed by microbiologist- Carl Woese (1990)
    • Domain- Highest rank of organisms
    DEFINATION- 3 domain system or six kingdom classification is- biological
    classification system in which living organisms are classified on consideration of
    cellular characteristics

    • Prokaryotic organism – Archae, Bacteria


    • Eukaryotic organism- Eukarya

    • 3 domain differs in- nucleotide seq in rRNA, lipid structure of cell membrane of
    cell & its sensitivity to antibiotics
    Archaea
    • Archaea- “Ancient things”- most ancient bacteria. First life form on earth

    CHARACTERISTICS
    1. Prokaryotic cells found in all habitat (Extremophiles)

    2. Cell wall- polysaccharide + Protein (No peptidoglycan)


    3. Unique cell memb - branched hydrocarbon chains attached to glycerol by
    Ether linkage- help to withstand extreme temp & high acidic condition

    4. Most Autotrophs, use pigments bacterioRhodopsin for photosynthesis, few


    heterotrophs
    5. Unique nucleotide seq in rRNA differ it from Bacteria & Eukarya
    6. Cell size- relatively small- about size of bacteria & similar to euk. Mitochondria

    7. Not sensitive to some antibiotics that destroy Bacteria but influenced by


    antibiotics that affect Eukarya
    8. Reproduce asexually

    Examples-
    Halophiles- can survive highly salty environment, aerobic- Halobacterium,
    Halococcus
    Methanogens- marshy place & produce Methane during metabolic activities,
    anaerobic- Methanococcus
    Thermoacidophiles- live in hot & acidic environment. ( >80 C, PH upto 2)-
    Thermoplasma (smallest Archaea)
    Bacteria (Eubacteria)
    • True bacteria

    CHARACTERISTICS
    1. Prokaryotes
    2. Cell wall- peptidoglycan
    3. Cell membrane composed – unbranched fatty acid chains attached to glycerol
    by Ester linkage
    4. Most heterotrophs, some autotrophs
    5. Unique nucleotide seq in rRNA differ it from Archaea & Eukarya
    6 . Sensitive to antibacterial antibiotic but resistant to most antibiotics that affect
    Eukarya
    7. Reproduction- Asexual
    Eg- Cyanobacteria, Mycoplasm, Gram +ve bacteria, Gram –ve bacteria
    Eukarya
    • Eukaryotes
    • 4 kingdoms- Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

    CHARACTERISTICS
    1. Organisms made up eukaryotic cells
    2. Cell wall- chitinous (Fungi), Cellulosic (Plants)
    3. Cell memb- lipoprotein memb- composed of unbranched fatty acid chains
    attached to glycerol by ester linkage
    4. Both Autotrophs & heterotrophs
    5. Resistant to antibacterial antibiotics but sensitive to most antibiotic that
    affect eukaryotic cells.
    6. Memb bounded organelles
    7. Repn- sexually- animals, others- both
    • Kingdom Protista- unicellular Eukaryotes, heterotrophs- slime mould,
    protozoans

    • Kingdom Fungi- unicellular- multi, heterotrophs- Yeast, club fungi

    • Kingdom Plantae- Multicellular, Autotrophs- Mosses, Ferns, Flowering plants

    • Kingdom Animalia- Multicellular. Heterotrophs- Insect, worms, vertebrates

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