Introduction To The Philosophy of The Human Person
Introduction To The Philosophy of The Human Person
Introduction To The Philosophy of The Human Person
Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Quarter 2 – Module 4a:
The Human Person In Society:
The Formation of and Kinds Of Society
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4a: The Human Person In Society: The Formation of and
Kinds of Society
First Edition, 2020
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Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human
Person
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
The Human Person In Society:
The Formation of and Kinds of
Society
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
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This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
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What I Need to Know
• Recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are transformed
by societies. PPT11/12-IIf-7.1
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What I Know
IDENTIFICATION:
Directions: Read each statement below and identify the concept described in each
number. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
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What’s In
Picture Analysis
Let’s Ponder
Direction: Describe yourself in relation to the following. Complete the following
statements.
In my family, I am the...
In my community, I am a...
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What’s New
Directions: Read and answer the statements below. Write your answers
in your activity notebook.
What is It
Have you ever pondered how your world has defined you? Have you ever
thought about your place in this world and among the people you interact with every
day? Have you ever reflected on how your presence has affected the world around
you?
The human person exists to relate with others. The person, is by nature, a social
being because he or she has a tendency to go out of himself or herself to form bonds
and relationships with others. Throughout a person’s life, he or she experiences a
variety of relationships that help shape him or her as a person. Infants, first related
with their immediate family and guardians as the source of basic needs. As they grow,
they expand their horizons and start relating with people who are not part of their
immediate family. They establish friendships beginning in their childhood and into their
teenage and adult years. They also learn how to deal with other figures of authority
aside from their parents or guardians. As we grow into adulthood, our relationships
and responsibilities also change because we play more significant roles in the
communities we live in.
Our freedom gives us the opportunity to pursue various activities to achieve our
goals and attain well-being or happiness. As we live our lives and expand our
experiences, we also encounter other people who are acting in similar ways. However,
the pursuit of our goals is made easier by the fact that we do not need to do our
activities alone, that we can live our life and pursue our happiness with other people
by our side.
The tendency to form groups is not exclusive to human beings. Other animals
also form groups for mutual protection and survival. Humans, however, are the only
beings capable of establishing a society, which is an organized group of people
whose members interact frequently and have a common territory and culture. Society
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also refers to a companionship or friendly association with others, an alliance, a
community, or a union.
Philosophers consider society the product of deliberate actions by individuals
who come together in pursuit of a common goal. Society is considered unique among
all other groups because of the nature of the humans that compose it, as well as the
relationships among its members. As individual persons, members of society are able
to transform themselves and attain development through their interactions within
society. In turn, humans are also able to influence society through their actions.
Society also makes it possible for the emergence of certain individualities. The
survival of a human being is essentially rooted in society and human relations. If there
is no family to take care of an infant, the infant will eventually die. As the individual
grows, he or she begins to experience life outside the home and begins to interact with
other people in different settings. This also leads the person to form other relationships
or groups, such as establishing friendships in school or at places of work. Society and
its various aspects provide support that ensures the development of a human person.
For instance, your education first starts at home with your family members teaching
you the rudiments of speech, reading, and writing. This education continues and is
further developed as you go to school and interact with other children, your teachers,
and other people in school. When you finish your basic education, society has already
equipped you with knowledge and skills that enable you to effectively interact with your
society as a productive individual. Society also provides you opportunities to further
your growth in the coming years. An evident influence of society on individuals is the
emergence of specific traits and characteristics unique to a certain society which are
manifested by its members. For example, we Filipinos value our ties with family
members. This is seen in our practice of taking care of our elderly family members.
Many of us prefer to have our elders live in our homes so we can take care of them
directly and continue to interact with them. Western countries, however, give more
emphasis on independence and individuality rather than family ties. Therefore, it is a
common practice for Western families to send their elderly to retirement homes. In
Western culture, parents also expect their children to move out of their homes once
they have graduated from high school. Filipino parents, on the other hand, continue to
support their children and even allow them to live even into adulthood.
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through a consensus. Because of this, the role of its members and the division of labor
is not very clearly defined.
In early societies, the individuals were often very family-oriented, and their
behaviors and actions were restricted by tradition. The assignment of tasks and
occupations were often based on gender, with women doing mostly domestic work in
the home, while the men engage in hunting and farming.
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dependence. The lord depends on his vassals to provide him with resources, the
vassals depend on the peasants for their service, while the peasants depend on their
vassal protection.
An agrarian and feudal society gives rise to individuals who value relations
among family members and with other members in the community. People are often
very conscious of their place within society and are mindful of the hierarchy. People
who belong to the “higher classes” are treated with respect by the members of the
community. They are often traditional and are resistant to social change, preferring to
maintain the way things are in their community.
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The growth and development of the various forms of societies highlight the
growing complexity of human interactions over time. The technological advances and
cultural changes that brought about these changes result in the expansion of
communities that now include people from varied ethnicities. These developments
have led to innovations in human interactions such as language and the establishment
of governments. Many countries around the world are industrial societies, and a
number of developed countries have evolved into post-industrial and virtual societies.
But despite these advancements and changes, the human person still remains the
heart and center of society. The person is the primary agent of change, as he or she
drives social changes based on responses to events and developments affecting
society.
What makes us a Filipino? Being born in the Philippines is not our choice, but
as we grow up in Philippine society, we begin to adopt the traits, traditions, and
characteristics that distinguish Filipino culture. We learn to speak our mother
languages through our interactions with other individuals and institutions that we learn
how to behave appropriately, what beliefs and traditions to practice, and what ideas
and perspectives to consider acceptable. All these come together to define our identity
not only as persons, but as members of Philippine society.
It can be said that you cannot think of a person outside of society and you
cannot think of a society without persons. The person and the society have a very
dynamic relationship in which one cannot exist without the other. Because of this
reality, it is important to consider society’s role in the growth and development of a
person, and the person’s role in transforming society.
Society influences our development as persons in various ways. Society
is the backdrop by which we adopt the prevailing culture, identity, values, ideas, and
knowledge of the persons, groups, and communities that surround us. Think of the
various groups and institutions in society that have contributed to your identity as a
person. Your interactions with your family, friends, schoolmates, teachers, and other
people in your community have left inedible marks on your identity. Society shapes all
individuals that are part of it, though each person is influenced by society in different
ways.
An important way that society influences us is its ability to define the
relationships and interactions among its members. Society influences the interactions
of its members through the establishment of norms, which are a set of traits and
behavior that society considers acceptable, and are thus encouraged and passed on
to other members.
When you meet a person for the first time or when someone is introduced to
you, what do you do? The first thing that comes to your mind is to say “Hello!” or “nice
to meet you!” Some will offer a handshake to the other person as a greeting. A
handshake is a simple gesture, but it shows how society expects us to behave when
we are with other people. Ever since you were a child, you have been constantly
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reminded to greet your elders respectfully. Filipinos have a unique gesture to greet
and show respect to elders: the mano or pagmamano.
Let’s imagine that when you are told to greet or give respect to your elders, you
refuse to do so. What do you think will be the reaction of the people around you?
Surely, your actions will be considered disrespectful and you will be considered a
disrespectful person. When members of a society do not conform to established
norms, they often experience negative consequences, such as punishment or social
stigma. Norms are one of the ways that society regulates the behavior and interactions
of its members and establishes and maintains social order.
Think of the rules established by your family and school. Why do you think these
rules are put in place? What happens when these rules are violated? How have these
rules influenced your behavior?
Society, through the establishment of norms, can also influence knowledge and
ideas. For instance, if the traffic light flashes red, what does it mean? We all know that
the red light means stop, but who established that the color red will be a universal
signal for STOP on the road? We have learned to accept the statement “the read traffic
light means stop” as truth because society has established that fact and we have been
exposed to it since we were young. Now, imagine that tomorrow, the traffic signals get
switched – red now means go, green means caution, and yellow means stop. What
do you think will happen in the streets? Now, think of all the rules and traditions that
have been in place in our society for a long time. How have these rules influenced our
knowledge? What rule in our society would result in chaos if it were changed? Laws
are more formal and stringent norms that establish and define acceptable behavior of
citizens. Folkways are less formal norms that arise from tradition and do not result in
punishment when violated.
Norms, laws, and other rules that regulate human interactions give rise to a
social system, which is an organized or patterned set of relationships among
individuals and groups that compose a society. Members of society act and interact
with an established social system. Each member is assigned a social role, which are
actions and behaviors expected for a certain individual. Individuals who share similar
backgrounds or perform similar roles are grouped together into social groups and
social classes. Certain groups that perform vital functions in society are recognized
as social institutions, and these include the family, school, government, and religion.
Our lives are a continuous interaction with different social classes, groups, and social
institutions. These relationships contribute to shaping our view of the world and
defining, our identity. A well-functioning social system where all members, groups, and
institutions work in harmony will ensure that society remains harmonious and
continues to uphold the welfare of its members.
Society also transforms human relations, which leads to the
transformation of its members. The historical development of society has brought
about significant changes in the way human beings relate to each other. Early
societies were initially centered on the family and the clan. But the emergence of
industrial societies transformed human relations, as interactions in the workplace.
Virtual societies have brought about another great transformation in human relations,
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as improved communication technologies make it possible for people from faraway
places from diverse backgrounds and varied societies to interact and establish close
ties with each other.
Over the course of his or her life, a person will undertake various social roles
as he or she continually interacts with other members of society. An individual is not
just a member of a family, he or she is also a neighbor, a citizen, a worker, and member
of organization, group, or religion. These roles entail sets of responsibilities that the
person must undertake. As the person navigates through various roles in society, his
or her relationship with other people also change. Throughout our life, we undergo
changes in the way we relate with the people in our lives. When we were children, we
were very close to our parents and family members. But as we grow up and our social
circle expands, our interactions now include our friends, schoolmates, workmates, and
other acquaintances. Adults also experience change in their roles and expectations as
they become breadwinners and take on additional responsibilities. Taking on adult
roles often mean that many of the bonds established during the earlier years will have
to change. It is possible that you have lost contact with your childhood friends because
of some changes that happened in your life. As you lose friends and acquaintances,
you also gain new ones over time.
Our various roles in society also change the way we relate to people. In our
family, we may relate more closely to our parents, siblings, and relatives. In school,
however, we may not treat our classmates and teachers like our family. A person may
be the head of the family in his or her home and he or she takes charge of making
decisions in the household. But when this person goes to work, he or she may no
longer find himself in a decision-making role, since he or she may no longer find
himself or herself in a decision-making role, he or she is merely an employee. When
a person gets elected to an important post in the government, he or she should no
longer treat members of his or her family or community in a preferential manner, but
should now strive to treat all members of the community equally.
Another way society shapes us is through social values, which are actions or
ideals that are considered important by society. Values such as cooperation,
obedience to the law, concern for others, and respect for others are considered vital
to maintaining an orderly society. A society that upholds positive social values will
influence its members to uphold these positive values. On the other hand, a society
that is defined by negative values will, in turn, produce individuals who embody these
negative values.
Other aspects of society that contribute to the formation of the individual include
language, religion, and historical events. Compare your beliefs and ideas with those
of your parents or elders. In some cases, you will have similar views since you belong
to the same family, but you will differ in some of your ideas, beliefs, and views. One
reason for this is that you have gone through different life experiences. Your parents
and elders were born to an earlier generation and have thus gone through some
experiences that you will never encounter. In the same way, you were born into a
generation that has unique experiences and characteristics. This disparity in
experience and views brings about the “generation gap,” which often leads to conflict
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among people of different ages when discussing certain topics. But whatever our
differences are, society ensures that we are able to interact in meaningful ways, and
that each member benefits from the relationships they have established with the
people they encounter.
What’s More
Task 1: Complete the table below by identifying the corresponding type of society for
each major event in Philippine society found below. Copy and answer the table in your
activity notebook.
Directions: Reflect on how your relationships and roles in society have changed
throughout your life. Copy the table below and complete it by writing the required
information in your activity notebook.
Early Childhood
Elementary
High School
What significant changes have you noticed in your relationships with others
throughout your life? What role did society play in these changes?
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What I Can Do
CONCEPT MAP
Task 3: Create a concept map associated with the terms: Agrarian Societies,
Industrial Societies, and Virtual Societies. (Choose only one among these three
types of societies, and copy and answer the concept map below in your activity
notebook.
Agrarian/
Industrial/Virtual
Society (choose
only one of
these terms)
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Assessment
IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Read each statement below and identify the concept described in each
number. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
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Glossary
The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:
Agrarian or agricultural society – a society that features large-scale and long-term
cultivation of crops and domestication of animals.
Feudal society – a society that is based on the ownership of land. In this society,
those who own land are considered most powerful and influential.
Horticultural society – engages in the small- scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and
vegetables and the domestication of animals.
Hunting and gathering society – the earliest and simplest form of society and
generally small in size and is composed of families.
Norms – are set of traits and behaviour that society considers acceptable and are
encouraged and passed on to other members.
Post –Industrial society – based on knowledge, information, and the sale of services.
Social role – are actions and behaviours expected for a certain individual in society.
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Student’s answers may vary.
Note: Teacher may set his or her own grading criteria.
.
Most Essential Learning Competencies
CONCEPT MAP TEACHERS GUIDE
1. Agrarian Societies
a. Cultivation of crops
776 Aurora Blvd, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
b. Domestication of animals
Brenda B. Corpuz, et al., 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.
c. Improved farming tools and methods
2. Industrial Societies BOOK
a. Rise of factories
b. Mass production of goods and services
c. Impersonal relationships References
d. Uses machinery
3. Virtual Societies
a. Technologies are more advance
b. Information are accessible to all
c. Internet
d. Communication technology
Rubrics for Reflective Learning
* Critical thinking/Insights -------- 2 points
* Language and structure -------- 2 points
* Comments and discussions --- 1 point
TOTAL -------- 5 points
Answer Key
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WHAT’S MORE:
1. Horticultural Society
2. Feudal Society
3. Post-Industrial Society
Rubrics for Timeline
IDENTIFICATION
1. Society
2. Norms
3. Social System
4. Social Values
5. Post-Industrial Society
6. Feudal Society
7. Hunting and gathering Society
8. Agrarian or agricultural society
9. Pastoral Society
10. Industrial Society
11.
References
BOOK
Roberto D. Abella, M. Div., D. Min., Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human
Person (Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016), pages 111 -124.
TEACHER’S GUIDE
Most Essential Learning Competencies
https://sites.google.com/site/connorbrownhistory/evaluation/rubrics-for-projects
ONLINE SOURCES:
Macaranas, B. (n.d.) Retrieved from: http://www.ilera-
directory.org/15thworldcongress/files/papers/Track_4/Poster/CS2T_2_MACARANAS.pdf
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