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Building System-WPS Office

The document discusses climate and climate change, describing climate as the average weather in an area over a long period of time and climate change as systematic changes in climate variables over decades. It then outlines the six major climate regions: polar, temperate, arid, damp tropical, Mediterranean, and tundra.

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Berhanu Zerihun
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7 views

Building System-WPS Office

The document discusses climate and climate change, describing climate as the average weather in an area over a long period of time and climate change as systematic changes in climate variables over decades. It then outlines the six major climate regions: polar, temperate, arid, damp tropical, Mediterranean, and tundra.

Uploaded by

Berhanu Zerihun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building system assignment

What is climate? What is climate change?

Climate is the average weather in a given area over a longer period of time. A description of a climate
includes information on, e.g. the average temperature in different seasons, rainfall, and sunshine. Also a
description of the (chance of) extremes is often included. Climate change is any systematic change in the
long-term statistics of climate variables such as temperature, precipitation, pressure, or wind sustained
over several decades or longer. Climate change can be due to natural external forcings (changes in solar
emission or changes in the earth’s orbit, natural internal processes of the climate system) or it can be
human induced.

What are the Six Major Climate Regions?

Though the weather of an area can change daily, when seen in longer periods, a general pattern of
climate emerges. For example, though it may rain on some days in the tropics and on others in the
desert, rainfall is greater and more constant in the former than the latter. These annual weather
patterns classify the world into six major climate regions.

Polar Chill

Polar climates are very cold and dry throughout the year. They encompass the South Pole, the extreme
northern latitudes and the interior of Greenland. Plant life is non-existent except for some algae, while
the few animal species include polar bears, killer whales, seals and penguins.

Temperate Regions

The temperate region experiences cold winters and mild summers, and covers much of North America,
Europe and the northern parts of Asia. Temperate forests grow in soil fertilized by leaf litter, producing a
rich diversity of plants like oak, maple, elm and willow, and animals like deer, bear, rabbits, squirrels and
birds. Temperate grasslands are dominated by flowering grasses, and are populated by such fauna as
lions, wolves, zebras, foxes, snakes and deer.

Arid Zones
Arid zones are hot and dry all year and include the deserts of North Africa and central Asia, the
southwest United States, and inland Australia. The coarse soil contains little surface water and supports
mostly shrubs and short, woody trees. Animal life includes birds, reptiles, insects, rodents and small
carnivores.

Damp Tropical Regions

The tropical region is hot and wet, covering the jungles of South America and Africa, Southeast Asia and
the islands of the Pacific. This area contains the greatest diversity of plant and animal life. Tropical
forests experience about 12 hours of daylight daily, with only a rainy and dry season. They can contain
100 different tree species in a half-mile square, with small fauna like birds, bats, insects and small
mammals.

The Mild Mediterranean

A Mediterranean climate shows mild winters and hot, dry summers, and includes the land surrounding
the Mediterranean Sea, Southern South America and Southern California. Plants are typically shrubby
and less than three feet tall, populated by small, nocturnal animals like geckos, snakes and rodents,
which are hunted by raptors like hawks.

The Cold Tundra

The tundra is very cold all year and covers the tops of mountains, the northern extremes of North
America and Asia, and the southern coast of Greenland. Though plant life may be numerous, it grows
low to the ground and includes grasses and shrubs. Animal populations, which expand and shrink
radically depending on the season,

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