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Biostat Mock Exam

The document discusses various statistical concepts including scales of measurement, types of data, parameters vs statistics, and chi-square tests. It provides examples to classify different variables as nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scales. It also distinguishes between discrete and continuous data, parameters and statistics, and appropriate statistical measures for different scales of data. The document asks questions about chi-square tests, including calculating chi-square and p values from a contingency table and interpreting the results. It concludes with sample multiple choice questions testing statistical concepts.

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Justin Paul Vallinan
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260 views4 pages

Biostat Mock Exam

The document discusses various statistical concepts including scales of measurement, types of data, parameters vs statistics, and chi-square tests. It provides examples to classify different variables as nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scales. It also distinguishes between discrete and continuous data, parameters and statistics, and appropriate statistical measures for different scales of data. The document asks questions about chi-square tests, including calculating chi-square and p values from a contingency table and interpreting the results. It concludes with sample multiple choice questions testing statistical concepts.

Uploaded by

Justin Paul Vallinan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measuring Data

1. For each of the following, indicate whether the data is measured on a nominal,
ordinal, interval, or ratio scale.
a. Heights of The University of Jordan college students.
b. Amount of snow that falls in Amman in January.
c. Languages spoken by JU students
d. Waist size of men who attend weight watchers every week.
e. Strength categories of hurricanes (1,2,3,4,5).
f. Average lifespan of alcoholics.
g. Amount of alcohol (in ounces) consumed by high school seniors.
h. How often college students use mouthwash in a typical week.
i. Scores on the GRE Exam (range is from 200 to 800)
2. Indicate which of the following are discrete measurements and which are continuous
measurements: Discrete Continuous
a. life of a Dell monitor
b. Waist size of Jordanian football players.
c. Mileage of Japanese cars
d. Weight of human brains.
e. number of left-handed people on basketball teams
f. Time to complete the task of assembling a computer.
g. Number of foreign students in each statistics class.
h. Number of bedrooms in your home.
3. Indicate which of the following is a parameter and which is a statistic:
a. Population mean Parameter Statistic
b. Population standard deviation.
c. Sample standard deviation.
d. Population variance.
e. Population median.
f. Sample mean.
g. A mean obtained from the U.S. census.
h. A mean obtained from sampling 2000 American Adults.
4. For each of the following, indicate the appropriate statistical measures that may be
used for analysis (proportions, mean, median, quartiles, mode…). List as many as are
appropriate.
a. For data measured on a nominal scale.
b. For data measured on an ordinal scale.
c. For data measured on an interval scale.
5. A Dell computer manufactures 1,000 super computers. A researcher wants a sample
of 50 of them. Each of the computers is assigned numbers and then random numbers
are used so that every computer has an equal chance of being selected (5%).
a. This is known as a…..
b. Measurements obtained from this are known as:….
c. Suppose the researcher decides to sample 1,000 computers. This is called
a…..
d. Any measurement obtained is known as a……
Chi Square
1. Please critically analyze and critique Chi Square research report and make judgment
on the accuracy of the statistical techniques employed on those report. It will be
evaluated on clarity, relevance, comprehensiveness, completeness, and correctness.
2. Sometimes you will be working with data that have already been put into a table of
frequencies, for the second question I’ll show you how to get SPSS to do a χ² on such
data. Say someone hands you some data where the frequencies have already been
recorded in the following table and you want to have SPSS perform a test for
association.

Downhill skiing Cross country skiing Snow boarding Total


Older 14 30 11 55
Younger 25 10 42 77
Total 39 40 53 132

Begin with a new data window. You need to create three variables, ‘age’, ‘sport’, and ‘freq’.
To do this go to the data window, and click on the ‘Variable View’ tab, there create each
variable and set ‘age’ and ‘sport’ to Type ‘String’, and ‘freq’ to Type ‘Numeric’.

After creating the variables go back to the ‘Data View’ and input the following data for your
variables (note you will have six lines of data, with three values on each line).

age sport freq


Older Down 14
Older Cross 30
Older Board 11
Younger Down 25
Younger Cross 10
Younger Board 42

After putting in the above information, go to Data>>WeightCases and indicate that you want
to weight cases by variable ‘frequency’. Click Ok. Then analyze the relationship of age and
sport as you did before: go to Analyze>>Descriptive Statistics>>CrossTab, ask for chi-
square and Cramer’s V.

1. χ² = _______
2. p = ______
3. State your decision regarding H0:
o Do not reject H0
o Reject H0
4. Assuming you have no confounding variables, what can you conclude?
o Can conclude the variables are associated in the population.
o Cannot determine whether or not the variables are associated in the population.
5. Cramer’s V = _______
Sample Multiple Choice Questions

1. Measures of central tendency are:


a. Inferential statistics that identify the best single value for representing a set of
data.
b. Descriptive statistics that identify the best single value for representing a set
of data.
c. Inferential statistics that identify the spread of the scores in a data set.
d. Descriptive statistics that identify the spread of the scores in a data set.
2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the mean?
a. It is affected by extreme scores.
b. It minimizes the sum of squared deviations.
c. The sum of the deviations about the mean is 0.
d. It is best used with ordinal data.
3. The sum of squared deviations is a good measure of variability except
a. it uses the mean in its calculation.
b. it can only be used with ratio data.
c. it does not take N into account.
d. it cannot be used in any other statistical analyses.
4. Which of the following is used to represent a known value for the population
variance?
a. s
b. σ
c. σ2
d. s2
5. Which of the following is true regarding factors affecting variability?
a. Greater variability is found in smaller samples.
b. Random sampling results in distributions with large amounts of variability.
c. The independent variable should not affect variability.
d. An insensitive dependent measure will produce a lot of variability.

6. Name a sampling procedure in which initial respondents are selected by probability


methods, and then additional respondents are obtained from information provided by
initial respondents.
a. Semi-random
b. Initial
c. Quota
d. Snowball
7. A researcher divides the population of product users into three groups based on
degree of use. If the researcher then draws a random sample from each user group
independently, she has created a _____ sample.
a. Random.
b. Stratified.
c. Judgment.
d. group data
8. Suppose a researcher is concerned with a nominal scale that identifies users versus
nonusers of bank credit cards. The measure of central tendency appropriate to this
scale is the
a. Mean.
b. Median.
c. Mode.
d. Average.
9. The formula µ =  ± a sampling error
a. Expresses the idea of the central limit theorem.
b. Expresses the idea of the confidence interval.
c. Expresses the idea that a sample frame is not a perfect representation of the
population.
d. None of the above.
10. Constructing a frequency distribution
a. Is one of the most common means of summarizing data.
b. Begins by recording the number of times a particular value occurs.
c. Is the basis for construction of a percentage distribution.
d. All of the above
11. The practical result of the central limit theorem is that
a. Researchers must take a large number of samples before inferences about the
population can be made.
b. The researcher must know the shape of the population distribution before
inferences about the population can be made.
c. The concept of the sampling distribution is unimportant to researchers.
d. none of the above
12. A frequency distribution (or probability distribution) of all possible values of sample
means for a sample size of 200 is the
a. Population distribution.
b. Sample distribution.
c. Sampling distribution.
d. Standard normal distribution.
13. Hypothesis tests are designed so that the _____ hypothesis will be rejected.
a. Null
b. Alternative
c. Alpha
d. beta
14. When using the chi-square analysis in bivariate problems, degrees of freedom are
calculated as (R=row and C=column)
a. (R - 1)(C - 1).
b. R x C + 1.
c. (R + 1)(C + 1).
d. R + (C - 1).

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