IAS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–1983 ) VECTOR ANALYSIS / 1

IAS
PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020-1983)
SEGMENT-WISE
VECTOR ANALYSIS
2020  Find the radius of curvature and radius of torsion
 For what value of a, b, c, is the vector field of the helix x = a cos u, y = a sin u, z = au tan α.
[15]
V = ( −4x − 3y + az ) ˆi + ( bx + 3y + 5z )
 State Gauss divergence theorem. Verify this
ˆj + ( 4x + cy + 3z ) kˆ  2ˆ
theorem for F = 4 xiˆ − 2y ˆj + z k
2
, taken over
irrotational ? Hence, express V as the gradient of the region bounded by x2 + y2 = 4, z = 0 and z = 3.
a scalar function φ. Determine φ. [10] [15]
 For the vector function A , where  Evaluate by Stoke’s theorem

∫ e dx + 2y dy − dz, where C is the curve x2 +

x

( 2
)
A = 3x + 6y ˆi − 14yz ˆj + 20xz 2 k,
ˆ calculate C

y2 = 4, z = 2. [05]
∫ C
A ⋅ dr from (0, 0, 0) to (1, 1, 1) along the

following paths : 2018

(i) x = t, y = t2, z = t3  Find the angle between the tangent at a general
(ii) Straight lines joining (0, 0, 0) to (1, 0, 0), then point of the curve whose equations are x = 3t,
to (1, 1, 0) and then to (1, 1, 1) y = 3t2, z = 3t3 and the line y = z – x = 0. (10)
(iii) Straight line joining (0, 0, 0) to (1, 1, 1)  If S is the surface of the sphere x  y  z  a ,
2 2 2 2

Is the result same in all the cases ? Explain the

reason. [15] then evaluate
 Verify the Stokes’ theorem for the vector field
F = xyiˆ + yzjˆ + xzkˆ on the surface S which is the
 ( x  z )dydz  ( y  z )dzdx  ( x  y)dxdy  using
S

part of the cylinder z = 1 – x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, –2 ≤ y

2 Gauss’ divergence theorem. (12)
≤ 2; S is oriented upwards. [20]  Find the curvature and torsion of the curve
   
 Evaluate the surface integral r  a (u  sin u )t  a (1  cos u ) j  bu k (12)
∫∫ ˆ
∇ × F ⋅ ndS for F = yiˆ + ( x − 2xz ) ˆj − xykˆ and S
S    
 Let v  v1i  v2 j  v3 k . Show that
is the surface of the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = a2 above
the xy-plane. [15]   2
curl(curl v )  grad (divv )   v . (12)

2019
  y dx  x dy  z dz
3 3 3
 Find the directional derivative of the function xy2  Evaluate the line integral
C
+ yz2 + zx2 along the tangent to the curve x = t,
y = t2 and z = t3 at the point (1, 1, 1). [10] using Stoke’s theorem. Here C is the intersection
 of the cylinder x2+y2 =1 and the plane x+y+z=1. The
 Find the circulation of F round the curve C, where orientation on C corresponds to counterclockwice

( ) (
F = 2x + y2 ˆi + 3y − 4 x ˆj and C is the curve) motion in the xy-plane.
    
(13)
 Let F  xy i  ( y  x) j . Integrate   F " k over
2
 
y = x2 from (0, 0) to (1, 1) and the curve y2 = x from
(1, 1) to (0, 0). [15] the region in the first quadrant bounded by the
curves y=x2 and y=x using Green’s theorem. (13)
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2 / VECTOR ANALYSIS IAS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–1983)
2017  Prove that
 
 For what values of the constants a, b and c the vector  C f dr  S dS  f (10)
V  (x  y  az )iˆ  (bx  2y  z )jˆ  (x  cy  2z )kˆ
 For the cardioid r = a (1 + cosθ), show that the
is irrotational. Find the divergence in cylindrical square of the radius of curvature at any point (r, θ)
coordinates of this vector with these values. (10) is proportional to r. Also find the radius of curvature
 The position vector of a moving point at time t is À À
 if θ = 0, , . (15)
r = sin t iˆ + cos 2t ˆj + (t 2 + 2t )kˆ. F i n d t h e 4 2

components of acceleration a in the directions 2015

 Find the angle between the surfaces x2+y2+z2–9=0
parallel to the velocity vector v and perpendicular and z = x2+y2 –3 at (2, –1, 2). (10)
to the plane of r and v at time t = 0. (10)  Find the value of λ and µ so that the surfaces
λx2 – µyz = (λ+2)x and 4x2y+z3=4 may intersect
 Find the curvature vector and its magnitude at any
orthogonally at (1, –1, 2). (12)
point r  ( ) ofthecurve r  (a cos  , a sin  , a  ).  A vector field is given by

Show that the locus of the feet of the perpendicular F  (x 2  xy 2 )iˆ  (y 2  x 2y )jˆ
from the origin to the tangent is a curve that 
completely lies on the hyperboloid x2+y2–z2=a2. Verify that the field F is irrotational or not. Find
(16) the scalar potential. (12)
 Evaluate the integral : 
F  nds

where
S
 Evaluate  e (sin ydx  cos y dy ), where C is the
x

rectangle with vertices (0, 0), (π, 0),

( )
F = 3xy 2iˆ + yx 2 − y 3 jˆ + 3zx 2kˆ and S is a
   
  ,  ,  0,  . (12)
surface of the cylinder y  z  4, 3  x  3,
2 2  2  2

2014
using divergence theorem. (09)
 Find the curvature vector at any point of the curve
 Using Green’s theorem, evaluate the

C
F (r )  dr r (t )  t cos t iˆ  t sin t jˆ, 0  t  2 . Give its

magnitude also. (10)

counterclockwise where
 Evaluate by Stokes’ theorem
  
F (r )  x 2  y 2 iˆ  x 2  y 2 j   ( y dx  z dy  x dz )


and dr  dxi  dy j and the curve C is the boundary where Γ is the curve given by
x2 + y2 + z2 – 2ax – 2ay = 0, x + y = 2a, starting
of the region
from (2a, 0, 0) and then going below the
R  ( x, y ) | 1  y  2  x 2  . (08) z-plane. (20)
2013
2016  Show that the curve
 ˆ,
 P r o v e t h a t t h e v e c t o r s a  3ˆi  ˆj  2k   1  t  ˆ  1  t2 
x (t )  tiˆ    j    kˆ
  t   t 
ˆ , c  4ˆi  2ˆj  6k
b  ˆi  3ˆj  4k ˆ can form the
lies in a plane. (10)
n
 Calculate ∇ (r ) and find its expression in terms
2
sides of a triangle. Find the lengths of the medians
of the triangle. (10) of r and n, r being the distance of any point (x,y,z)
 2
r from the origin, n being a constant and ∇ being
 Find f(r) such that f  5 and f(1) = 0. (10)
r the Laplace operator. (10)

HEAD OFFICE:25/8, Old Rajinder Nagar Market, Delhi-60. (M) 9999197625, 011-45629987. BRANCH OFFICE(DELHI): 105-106, Top Floor, Mukherjee Tower, Mukherjee
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IAS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–1983 ) VECTOR ANALYSIS / 3
 A curve in space is defined by the vector equation d   d  


r = t 2iˆ + 2tjˆ − t 3kˆ. Determine the angle between
Determine:  i 
dt
 
a  b and
dt
a  b (10)  ii   
the tangents to this curve at the points t = +1 and 
t = –1. (10)  If u and v are two scalar fields and f is a vector

 By using Divergence Theorem of Gauss, evaluate field, such that uf = grad v, find the value of
the surface integral  
f ⋅ curl f (10)
  a x2  b2 y 2  c2 z 2 
1

dS,
2 2

where S is the surface of the ellipsoid  Examine whether the vectors ∇u , ∇v and ∇w are
ax 2  by 2  cz 2  1, a, b and c being all positive
coplanar, where u, v and w are the scalar functions
constants. (15) defined by: u = x + y + z, v  x  y  z and
2 2 2

 Use Stokes theorem to evaluate the line integral

   y dx  x dy  z dz  , where C is the w = yz + zx + xy. (15)
3 3 3
C  ˆ
 If u  4yiˆ  xjˆ  2zk, calculate the double integral
intersection of the cylinder x2+y2=1 and the plane
 
x + y + z = 1. (15)     u   ds over the hemisphere given by
2012
x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 , z  0. (15)
   
 If A  x yzi  2 xz j  xz k
2 3 2

     If r be the position vector of a point, find the
B  2 zi  yj  x 2 k
n
value(s) of n for which the vector r r is
2  
Find the value of
xy
 
A  B at (1, 0, –2). (12)
(i) irrotational, (ii) solenoidal. (15)
 Verify Gauss Divergence Theorem for the vector
 Derive the Frenet-Serret formulae. 
v  x 2iˆ  y 2 jˆ  z 2kˆ t a k e n o v e r t h e c u b e
Define the curvature and torsion for a space curve.
Compute them for the space curve
0 ≤ x, y, z ≤ 1. (15)
2
x t ,=
= y t , z = t3 2

3
2010
Show that the curvature and torsion are equal for
 Find the directional derivative of f ( x, y )  x y  xy
2 3
this curve. (20)
 Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for at the point (2, 1) in the direction of a unit vector
 xy  y  dx  x dy which makes an angle of π/3 with the x – axis.
2 2
C
(12)
where C is the closed curve of the region bounded  Show that the vector field defined by the vector
   
by y = x and y = x2. (20) f u n c t i o n V  xyz ( yz i  xz j  xy k ) is
   
 If F  yi  (x  2xz )j  xyk , evaluate conservative. (12)
  

   

   F . n d s   
 P r o v e t h a t div f V  f divV   grad f V  
S
where f is a scalar function. (20)

2 2 2
where S is the surface of the sphere x  y  z  a
2  
 Use the divergence theorem to evaluate òò V . n dA
above the xy-plane. (20) S
   
where V  x z i  y j  xz k and S is the boundary
2 2

2011
  of the region bounded by the paraboloid z  x  y
2 2

 For two vectors a and b given respectively by

  and the plane z = 4y. (20)
a  5t 2iˆ  tjˆ - t 3kˆ and b  sin tiˆ - cos tjˆ
HEAD OFFICE:25/8, Old Rajinder Nagar Market, Delhi-60. (M) 9999197625, 011-45629987. BRANCH OFFICE(DELHI): 105-106, Top Floor, Mukherjee Tower, Mukherjee
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4 / VECTOR ANALYSIS IAS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–1983)
 Verify Green’s theorem for ; d 2 f 2 df 1
P .T ∇2 f (r ) = + r = (x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2
e  x sin y dx  e  x cos y dy the path of integration dr 2 r dr where

being the boundary of the square whose vertices Hence find f(r) such that  f (r )  0 .
2

are (0, 0), (π/2, 0), (π/2, π/2) and (0, π/2). (20)

 Show that for the space curve=x t=

, y t 2 , z = 32 t 3
2009
the curvature and torsion are same at every point.
 Show that div( grad r )  n(n  1)r
n n2  
 Evaluate ò A.dr along the curve x  y  1, z  1
2 2

Where r  x  y  z . (12) c
2 2 2

from (0, 1, 1) to (1, 0,1) if


 Find the directional derivatives of – A  (yz  2x ) iˆ  xz jˆ  (xy  2z )kˆ.
(i) 4 xz 3 − 3 x 2 y 2 z 2 at (2, -1, 2) along z – axis;
 
x 2 yz + 4 xz 2
(ii) at (1, -2, 1) in the direction of  Evaluate ∫∫ F ⋅ nˆ dS where F  4x iˆ  2y jˆ  z kˆ
2 2

s
2iˆ − jˆ − 2kˆ. (12)
 Find the work done in moving the particle once and ‘S’ is the surface of the cylinder bounded by
x 2
y 2 x 2  y 2  4 , z = 0 and z = 3.
round the ellipse 25 + 16 = 1, z = 0 under the field

of force given by
2007

  If r denotes the position vector of a point and if
F = (2x − y + z )iˆ + (x + y − z 2 )ˆj + (3x − 2y + 4z )kˆ
 
rˆ be the unit vector in the direction of r , r = | r |
(20)
 Using divergence theorem, evaluate determine grad (r ) in terms of rˆ and r.
−1
  
òò A.dS where A  x iˆ  y jˆ  z kˆ and S is the
3 3 3
S
 Find the curvature and torsion at any point of the
surface of the sphere x  y  z  a .
2 2 2 2
(20) =curve x a= cos 2t , y a sin 2t , z = 2a sin t
  

 Find the value of ∫∫ S
(∇× F ). dS  For any constant vector a show that the vector
 
taken over the upper portion of the surface represented by curl (a × r ) is always parallel to the
 
x 2  y 2  2ax  az  0 and the bounding curve lies vector a , r being the position vector of a point
(x, y, z), measured from the origin.
in the plane z = 0, when
 
F  (y 2  z 2  x 2 )iˆ  (z 2  x 2  y 2 )jˆ  (x 2  y 2  z 2 )kˆ.  If r = x iˆ + y ˆj + z kˆ find the value(s) of n in order

(20) 
that r n r may be (i) solenoidal or (ii) irrotational
2008
 Find the constants ‘a’ and ‘b’ so that the surface
ax 2  byz  (a  2) x will be orthogonal to the
 Determine ∫ ( y dx + z dy + x dz )
C
by using Stoke’s

theorem, where ‘C’ is the curve defined by

surface 4 x y  z  4 at the point (1, -1, 2)
2 3
( x − a ) 2 + ( y − a ) 2 + z 2 = 2a 2 , x + y = 2a t h a t
 starts from the point (2a, 0, 0) and goes at first
 Show that F = (2x y + z ) iˆ + x ˆ
3 2
j + 3x z 2kˆ is a below the z – plane.

conservative force field. Find the scalar potential 2006

  Find the values of constant a, b, and c so that the
for F and the work done in moving an object in directional of the function f  a x y  byz  cz x
2 2 3

this field from (1, -2, 1) to (3, 1, 4).

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IAS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–1983 ) VECTOR ANALYSIS / 5
at the point (1, 2, -1) has maximum magnitude 64
 ( x dy dz + x
∫∫ y dz dx + x 2 z dx dy ) by
3 2
 Evaluate
in the direction parallel to Z–axis.
   S

 I f A  2iˆ  kˆ, B  iˆ  jˆ  kˆ,C  4iˆ  3 jˆ  7kˆ,

 Gauss divergence theorem, where S is the surface
determine a vector R satisfying the vector of the cylinde x  y  a bounded by z =0 and
2 2 2

equations z = b.
     
R  B  C  B and R ⋅ A = 0 2004
   
n  Show that if A and B are irrotational, then A × B
 Prove that r r is an irrotational vector for any
value of n , but is solenoidal only if n + 3 = 0 . is solenoidal.
 
 If the unit tangent vector t and binormal b makes  Show that the Frenet – Serret formula can be written
in the form
  
angles θ and φ respectively with a constant unit dT   dN   dB  
 sin  d k   T ,    N and B
vector a , prove that .  ds ds ds
sin  d   

Where,    T  k B
 Verify Stoke’s theorem for the function

F  x 2iˆ  x y jˆ integrated round the square in the
 Prove the identity
         
plane z = 0 and bounded by the lines x=0, y = 0 , ∇ ∇ ( A ⋅ B ) = (B ⋅ ∇ ) A + ( A ⋅ ∇ ) B + B × (∇ × A ) + A × (∇ × B )
x =a and y = a , a > 0.
2005  Derive the identity
 Show that the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD is  (       )d    (     ). nˆ dS ,
2 2

1   

 
V S
AB  AC  AD. Hence find the volume of the
6 where V is the volume bounded by the closed
surface S.
tetrahedron with vertices (2, 2, 2) , (2, 0, 0) , (0, 2, 0)  Verify Stoke’s theorem for
and (0, 0, 2). 
f  (2x  y ) iˆ  y z 2 jˆ  y 2z kˆ where S is the upper
 Prove that the curl of a vector field is independent
of the choice of co – ordinates.
half surface of the sphere x  y  z  1 and C
2 2 2

 The parametric equation of a circular helix is

 is its boundary.
r  a cos u iˆ  a sin u jˆ  c u kˆ; where ‘c’ is a

constant and ‘u’ is a parameter.

2003
 Find the unit tangent vector tˆ at the point ‘u’ and
  
diˆ  Show that if a ′, b′ and c′ are the reciprocals of
the arc length measured from u = 0. Also find ,   
ds the non – coplanar vectors a , b and c , then any
where ‘S’ is the arc length. 
vector r may be expressed as
 Show that
    
 1  1 r  (r .a )a  (r .b)b  (r .c)c.
curl  kˆ  grad   grad  kˆ  grad   0 where
 r  r
 Prove that the divergence of a vector field is
r is the distance from the origin and kˆ is the unit
invariant w. r. t co – ordinate transformations.
vector in the direction OZ.  Let the position vector of a particle moving on a
 Find the curvature and the torsion of the space curve 
plane curve be r (t ) , where t is the time. Find the
x = a ( 3u − u 3 ) , y = 3au 2 , z = a ( 3u + u 3 ) .
components of its acceleration along the radial and
transverse directions.

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6 / VECTOR ANALYSIS IAS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–1983)
   
 Prove the identity A  2( A.) A  2 A  (  A)
2
ar a 3r  
 Show that curl    (a.r ) where
r3 r3 r5
 ˆ   
Where   iˆ j  kˆ . a is a constant vector.
x y z
 Find the radii of curvature and torsion at a point of
 Find the directional derivative of f = x y z along
2 3

intersection of the surfaces

z x  e  t , y  1  2 sin t , z  t  cos t at t = 0.
x 2  y 2  c 2 , y  x tanh  
c
 S h o w t h a t t h e v e c t o r f i e l d d e f i n e d b y
 Evaluate òò curl A.dS where S is the open F  2xyz 3iˆ  x 2z 3 jˆ  3x 2yz 2kˆ is irrotational. Find
S

also the scalar ‘u’ such that F = grad u.

surface
 Ve r i f y G a u s s d i v e r g e n c e t h e o r e m o f
x2  y 2  4x  4z  0 , z  0 and
A  (4 x ,  2 y 2 , z 2 ) taken over the region bounded

A  (y 2  z 2  x 2 ) iˆ  (2z 2  x 2  y 2 )jˆ  (x 2  y 2  3z 2 )kˆ

by x  y  4 , z = 0 & z = 3.
2 2

2002
  2000
 Let R be the unit vector along the vector r (t ) .
 In what direction from the point (-1 , 1 , 1) is the

 dR r dr directional derivative of f = x y z a maximum?
2 3

Show that R    where r = r .
dt r 2 dt compute its magnitude.
 Find the curvature K for the space curve  Show that
x  a cos  , y  a sin  , z  a  tan  (i) ( A  B).( B  C )  (C  A)  2 A . B  C
  2     A  B    B.  A  B  . A    A.  B  A  .B 
 Show that curl (curl v ) = grad ( div v ) - ∇ v (ii)

 Let D be a closed and bounded region having (1990)

boundary S. Further let ‘f’ be a scalar function ˆ 2ˆ ˆ
having second order partial derivatives defined on  Evaluate òò F . nˆ dS where F = 2 xy i + yz j + xz k
S
it. Show that
and S is the surface of the parallelopiped bounded
 (f grad f ). nˆ dS   | grad |  f  f  d 
2 2

S  by=x 0=
, y 0=
, z 0=
, x=
2 , y 1=
and z 3 .

Hence or otherwise evaluate òò (f grad f ). nˆ dS 1999

S
  
 If a , b , c are the position vectors A ,B, C prove
for f = 2x + y +2z over S  x  y  z  4
2 2 2

     
that a  b  b  c  c  a is a vector perpendicular
 Find the values of constants a, b, and c such that
the maximum value of directional derivative of to the plane ABC.
 
f  ax y 2  byz  cx 2 z 2 at (1, -1, 1) is in the  If F  ( x  y  z  3 xyz ), find   F .
3 3 3

 e sin y dx  e  x cos y dy  ; (by Green’s

x
direction parallel to y axis and has magnitude 6.  Evaluate
c

theorem), where ‘C’ is the rectangle whose vertices

2001 are (0,0) , (π, 0) (p, p / 2) & (0, p / 2) .
 Find the length of the arc of the twisted curve
  If X, Y, Z are the components of a contra variant
r = (3t , 3t 2 , 2t 3 ) from the point t = 0 to the point
vector in rectangular cartesian co-ordinates
 
t = 1. Find also the unit tangent t , unit normal n x,y,z in a three dimensional space, show that
 the components of the vector in cylindrical co-
and the unit binormal b at t = 1. ordinates
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IAS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–1983 ) VECTOR ANALYSIS / 7

x y
r,  , Z are X cos   Y sin  , sin   cos  , Z  Evaluate ∫∫ ∇× F .ˆn ds, where S is the upper half
r r s

surface of the unit sphere x  y  z  1 and

2 2 2

1998 
 If r1 and r2 are the vectors joining the fixed points F  z iˆ  x jˆ  y kˆ.
A( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and B( x2 , y2 , z2 ) respectively to a
1992
variable point P (x , y , z), then find the values of 
grad  r1  r2  and curl  r1  r2   I f f x , y, z   (y  z ) iˆ  (z  x ) jˆ  (x  y )kˆ
2 2 2 2 2 2

 
      

 Show that a  b  c  a  b  c   if either b = 0 then calculate ò
C
f .d x where ‘C’ consists of


(or any other vector is ‘0’ ) or c is collinear with (i) The line segment from (0,0,0) to (1,1,1)
    (ii) The three line segments AB,BC and CD,
a or b is orthogonal to a and c (both).
where A,B,C and D are respectively the points
(0,0,0), (1,0,0), (1,1,0) and (1,1,1)

1997 (iii) The curve x  uiˆ  u jˆ  u kˆ, u from 0 to 1.
2 3

    
 Prove that if A , B and C are three given non  If a and b are constant vectors , show that
   
 (i ) div  x   a  x   2 x.a
coplanar vectors, then any vector F can be put in
   
      
the form F   B  C   C  A   A  B. For a

 
(ii ) div  a  x   b  x    2a.b  x   2b. a  x 

given F determine α ,β ,γ. 1991
 If φ be a scalar point function and F be a vector

 Verify Gauss theorem for F  4xiˆ  2y jˆ  z kˆ
2 2 point function, show that the components of F
normal and tangential to surface φ = 0 at any point
taken over the region bounded by x  y  4, and
2 2
( F . )    ( F   )
there of are and
z = 0 and z = 3. ( ) 2
( ) 2

1996
 
 Find the value of ò curl F. dS taken over the
 If r  x iˆ  y jˆ  z kˆ and r =| r | , show that
 portion of the surface x  y  2ax  az  0 , for
2 2

(i) r  grad f (r )  0
n which z ≥ 0,
(ii) div (r r )  (n  3) r
n

when F  (y 2  z 2  x 2 ) iˆ  (z 2  x 2  y 2 ) jˆ  (x 2  y 2  z 2 ) kˆ .
 Verify Gauss divergence theorem for

F  xyiˆ  z 2 jˆ  2yzkˆ, on the tetrahedron 1989
x = y = z = 0, x +y + z=1  Define the curl of a vector point function

 r  
 Prove that    2   0 where r = ( x, y, z ) and
1994 r 

 r =| r | .
 If F  y iˆ  (x  2x z )jˆ  xy kˆ.

 1988
evaluate  (  F ).nÆdS .  Define the divergence of a vector point function ,
     
S
prove that div (u  v )  v . curl u  u . curl v .
1993 (1986)

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IAS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–1983 ) VECTOR ANALYSIS / 8
 Using Gauss divergence theorem, evaluate  Find div F and curl F, where
 (x iˆ  y iˆ  z kˆ).ˆn ds where S is the closed
2
F  ( x 3  y 3  z 3  3 xyz )
S

surface bounded by the cone x  y  2 and the

2 2
1983
 Prove that curl (curl F) = grad div F - ∇ F .
2

plane Z=1 and n̂ is the outward unit normal to S.

1987
 
 Show that for a vector field f , curl (curl f ) = 
 
grad (div f ) - ∇ f .
2


 If r is the position vector to a point whose distance
  r
from the origin is r , prove that div f = 0 if f = 3 .
r
  
 P r o v e t h a t f o r a t h r e e v e c t o r s a , b , c

      
 
a  b  c  b  a.c   c a.b   and explain its

geometric meaning. (1990)

1986
 
 Let a , b be given vectors in the three dimensional


Euclidean space E3 and let φ ( x ) be a scalar field


of the vectors x also of E3 .

    
If  ( x )  ( x  a ).( x  b ) , show that grad

      
 (i . e ,  ( x ))  b  ( x  a )  a  ( x  b ) .

 
 If f , g are two vector fields in E3 and if ‘div’,

‘curl’ are defined on an open set S ⊂ E3 show that

     
div( f  g )  g . curl f  f . curl g . (1988)

1985
 If P,Q,R are points (3,-2,-1) , (1,3,4) , (2,1,-2)
respectively. Find the distance from P to the plane
OQR, where ‘O’ is the origin.
 Find the angle between the tangents to the curve

r  t 2iˆ  2t jˆ  t 3kˆ at the points t=1 and t =2

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IFoS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–2000) VECTOR ANALYSIS / 9

IFoS
PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020-2000)
SEGMENT-WISE
VECTOR ANALYSIS
(ACCORDING TO THE NEW SYLLABUS PATTERN) PAPER - I

2020 dr  d 2 r d 3 r 
  
 Prove that for a vector a , respectively. Compute  in
ds  ds2 ds3 
    ˆ r = r .
∇ ( a ⋅ r ) = a; where r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zk,
terms of radius of curvature and the torsion. (08)

Is there any restriction on a ? ( 2 ,1 )

 10x 
 2xy3 dx  3x 2 y 2dy
4
Further, show that  E v a l u a t e
   

   1 3 ( a.r ) b.r a ⋅ b
a ⋅∇  b ⋅∇  = − 3
( ) ( 0 ,0 )

 r r5 r along the path x4 – 6xy3 = 4y2. (08)

Give an example to verify the above. [08]
 A tangent is drawn to a given curve at some point  Verify Stoke’s theorem for
of contact. B is a point on the tangent at a distance
5 units from the point of contact. Show that the
  ˆ , where S is the
V  2x  y ˆi  yz2ˆj  y2 zk
curvature of the locus of the point B is upper half surface of the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 and
1/ 2
  dκ 3  C is its boundary. (10)
2 2
( 2
)
 25κ τ 1 + 25κ +  κ + 5 ds + 25κ  
   Derive the Frenet-Serret formula. Verify the same for

(1 + 25κ ) 2 3/ 2
the space curve x = 3 cos t, y = 3 sin t, z = 4t. (10)

Find the curvature and torsion of the curve 2 2 2 2

 Derive     in spherical

 ˆ 2ˆ 3 ˆ
r = ti + t j + t k . [15] x 2 y 2 z2
 Given a portion of a circular disc of radius 7 units  
and of height 1.5 units such that x, y, z ≥ 0.  x 2 
coordinates and compute   3 
Verify Gauss Divergence Theorem for the vector
 2
( )
field f = z, x,3y z over the surface of the above
 x 2  y2  z2
   2 

in spherical coordinates.
mentioned circular disc. [15] (15)
 Derive expression of ∇f in terms of spherical
2018
coordinates.
Prove that ∇2(fg) = f∇2g + 2∇f • ∇g + g ∇2f 
 If r  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ and f(r) is differentiable, show
for any two vector point functions f(r, θ, φ) and g(r,
θ, φ). Construct one example in three dimensions 
to verify this identity. [10] t h a t div[ f (r )r ] = rf ′(r ) + 3 f (r ). H e n c e o r

2019 
r 
 otherwise show that div  3  = 0. (08)
d3r r 
 Let r = r ( s ) represent a space curve. Find
ds3 
 Show that F = (2xy + z )iˆ + x jˆ + 3xz kˆ is a
3 2 2

in terms of T, N and B , where T, N and B ,

conservative force. Hence, find the scalar potential.
represent tangent, principal normal and binormal Also find the work done in moving a particle of

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10 / VECTOR ANALYSIS IFoS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–2000)
unit mass in the force field from (1, –2, 1) to where S is the surface bounding the volume E and
(3, 1, 4). (15) F   zx sin yz  x 3  ˆi  cos yzjˆ   3zy2  e  y  k
ˆ.
2 2

 Let α be a unit-speed curve in R3 with constant

curvature and zero torsion. Show that α is (part
(08)
of) a circle. (10)
 For a curve lying on a sphere of radius a and such  Evaluate ∫∫ (∇× f ).ˆ
ndS for
that the torsion is never 0, show that S

 1   κ ′  f   2x  y  ˆi  yz2ˆj  y2 zk
ˆ where S is the
2 2
  +  = a2 .
 (10)
 κ   κ 2 τ 
upper half surface of the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
2017 bounded by its projection on the xy plane. (10)
 Prove that
 State Stokes’ theorem. Verify the Stokes’ theorem
 2 r n  n (n  1)r n  2 ˆ , where c is the
for the function f  xiˆ  zj
ˆ  2yk
 curve obtained by the intersection of the plane
and that rn r i s i r r o t a t i o n a l , w h e r e
z = x and the cylinder x2 + y2 = 1 and S is the surface
 inside the intersected one. (15)
r | r |  x 2  y 2  z 2 . (8)
 Prove that a   b  c    a  b   c , if and only if
 Using Stokes’ theorem, evaluate
 (x  y)dx  (2x  z)dy  ( y  z)dz  ,
C
either b = 0 or c is collinear with a or b is

where C is the boundary of the triangle with vertices perpendicular to both a and c . (10)
at (2, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0) and (0, 0, 6). (15)
 Evaluate
 2015
 (  f )  nˆ dS, where S is the surface of the  Find the curvature and torsion of the curve
x = a cost, y = a sin t, z = bt. (08)
S


cone, z = 2 – x 2 + y 2 above xy-plane and  Examine if the vector field defined by F = 2xyz3


ˆ.
f  (x  z)ˆi  (x 3  yz)ˆj  3xy2 k (10) iˆ + x2 z3 jˆ + 3x2 yz2 kˆ is irrotational. If so, find


 Find the curvature and torsion of the circular helix the scalar potential φ such that F = grad φ. (10)

r  a (cos ,sin ,  cot ),
 Using divergence theorem, evaluate
β is the constant angle at which it cuts its
 (x
3
dydz  x 2 ydzdx  x 2 zdydx )
generators. (10) S
 If the tangent to a curve makes a constant angle
where S is the surface of the sphere x2 + y2 +
α, with a fixed line, then prove that k cos α ± τ sin
α = 0.
z2 = 1. (15)

k  If F = y iˆ + (x –2xz) jˆ – xy kˆ , evaluate
Conversely, if is constant, then show that the
τ 
tangent makes a constant angle with a fixed  (  F ).ˆndS ,
S
where S is the surface of the
direction. (10)
sphere x2+y2+z2=a2 above the xy-plane. (10)

2016
 If E be the solid bounded by the xy plane and the
2014
 For three vectors show that:
paraboloid z = 4 – x2 – y2, then evaluate òò F.dS a  (b  c )  b  (c  a )  c  (a  b )  0 (08)
S

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IFoS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–2000) VECTOR ANALYSIS / 11
and the bounding curve lies in the plane z = 0, when
xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ
 For the vector A  examine if A   
x 2  y2  z 2 F   y2  z 2  x  i   z 2  x2  y 2  j

is an irrotational vector. Then determine φ such 

that A   . (10)   x2  y 2  z 2  k .

(10)
 Evaluate    A  n dS
S
for
 Find the value of the line integral over a circular
path given by x2 + y2 = a2, z = 0 where the vector
A  (x 2  y  4)iˆ  3xyjˆ  (2xz  z 2 )kˆ and S is   
field, F  (sin y ) i  x(1  cos y ) j . (10)

the surface of hemisphere x 2  y 2  z 2  16

2011
above xy plane. (15)  Verify Green’s theorem in the plane to
 Verify the divergence theorem for    
 3 x 2  8 y 2 dx   4 y  6 xy  dy  .

A  4xiˆ  2y 2 jˆ  z 2kˆ over the region C

Where C is the boundary of the region enclosed by

x2 + y2 = 4, z = 0, z = 3. (15) =
the curves y = x and y x 2 . (10)

2013 
  The position vector r of a particle of mass 2 units
 F being a vector, prove that at any time t, referred to fixed origin and axes, is
    1  ^ 1 ^
curl curl F = grad div F   F
2
 
^
r  t 2  2t i   t 2  1 j  t 2 k ,
2  2
2 2 2 At time t = 1, find its kinetic energy, angular
where     . (08)
2

x 2 y 2 z 2 momentum, time rate of change of angular

  momentum and the moment of the resultant force,
 Evaluate ò F .dS , acting at the particle, about the origin. (10)
S  Find the curvature, torsion and the relation between
   2 the arc length S and parameter u for the curve:
where F  4 xi  2 y j  z k
2
  ^ ^ ^
r  r (u )  2 log e u i  4u j  (2u 2 +1) k (10)
and S is the surface bounding the region
x 2  y 2  4, z  0 and z = 3. (13)  Prove the vector identity:
     
 Verify the Divergence theorem for the vector
 
   
curl f  g  f div g  g div f   g .  f  f . g  
function → ^ ^ ^
    and verify it for the vectors f = x i + z j + y k
F  ( x 2  yz )i  ( y 2  xz ) j  ( z 2  xy )k
→ ^ ^
taken over the rectangular parallelopiped and g = y i + z k . (10)
0 ≤ x ≤ a, 0 ≤ y ≤ b, 0 ≤ z ≤ c. (14)
 Evaluate the line integral
2012  (sin x dx  y dy  dz ) , where C is the circle
2

 If u = x + y + z, v + x + y + z , w = yz + zx + xy,
2 2 2
x 2  y 2  16, z  3, by using Stokes’ theorem. (10)
prove that grad u, grad v and grad w are coplanar.
(08)
  
  2010
 Find the value of s   F . ds taken over the 
 Find the directional derivation of V , Where,
2
 
   
upper portion of the surface x  y  2ax  az  0
2 2
V  xy 2 i  zy 2 j  xz 2 k at the point (2, 0, 3) in the

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12 / VECTOR ANALYSIS IFoS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–2000)
direction of the outward normal to the surface  Verify stokes theorem for
x 2  y 2  z 2  14 at the point (3, 2, 1) (08) 
A  (y  z  2)iˆ  yz  4 jˆ  xzkˆ 
  2 
 (1) Show that F   2 xy  z  i  x j  3 z xk is a Where S is the surface of the cube x = 0, y = 0
2 2

z = 0, x = 2, y = 2, z = 2 above the xy-plane.

conservative field. Find its scalar potnetial and (12)
also the work done in moving a particle from
 Show that, if r  x  s  i  y  s  j  z  s  k is a space
^ ^ ^
(1, – 2, 1) to (3, 1, 4).
2
(2) Show that,  f  r     f '  r   f "  r  , dr d2 r d3r 
2

r curve, .   , where τ is the torsion

ds ds 2 ds 3  2
2 2 2
Where r  x  y  z . (10) and ρ the radius of curvature (10)

 U s e d i v e r g e n c e t h e o r e m t o e v a l u a t e , 2008
  x dy dz  x y dz dx  x z dy dx , Where S is the
3 2 2
ds 4
s  S h o w t h a t 
S a x b y c z
2 2 2 2 2 2

abc
,
sphere x  y  z  1. (10)
2 2 2

   2  Where S is the surface of the ellipsoid

 If A  2 y i  z j  x k and S is the surface of ax 2  by 2  cz 2  1 (10)

the parabolic cylinder y2 = 8x in the first octant  Find the unit vector along the normal to the surface
bounded by the planes y = 4, z = 6,evaluate the
 ^  z  x 2  y 2 at the point  1, 2, 5  . (10)
surface integral, òò
A . n dS . (10)  Prove that the necessary and sufficient condition

S
for the vector function V of the scalar variable t

 Use Green’s theorem in a plane to evaluate the  d v
to have constant magnitude is V = 0. (10)
integral,  [(2 x  y )dx  ( x  y )dy ] where C
2 2 2 2
dt
C
  
is the boundary of the surface in the xy - plane
òò F .n ds
2 ^ ^ ^
 If F  2 x i  4 yz j  zx k , , evaluate
enclosed by, y = 0 and the semi-circle, S
y  1  x2 . (10) Where S is the surface of the cube boundded by
the planes x = 0, x = 1, y = 0, y = 1, z = 0, z = 1.
2009
 Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for 2007
 
 
 xy  y 2 dx  x 2 dx  where C is the closed

 
C  Evaluate ò F .d r Where
C
curve of the region bounded by y = x and y = x2.    
(10)   
F  C  3a sin 2  cos  i  a 2 sin   3 sin 2  j  b sin 2 k 

 Show that
and the curve C is given by
         
^ ^ ^
A  6 xy  z 3 i  3 x 2  z j  3 xz 2  y k
r  a cos  i  a sin  j  b k θ v a r y i n g f r o m

is irrotational. Find a scalar function φ such that p 4 to p 2 . (10)

A  grad  . (10)
   
 ar  a 3r  
 Let   x, y, z  be a scalar function. Find grad ψ
 Show that curl  3    3  3 a.r Where  
 r  r r
2     
and   in spherical coordinates. (08) a is a constant vector and r  xi  y j  zk (10)

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IFoS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–2000) VECTOR ANALYSIS / 13
 Find the curvature and torsion at any point of the  Ve r i f y t h e d i v e r g e n c e t h e o r e m f o r
   
= curve x a= cos 2t , y a sin 2t , z = 2a sin t .
F  4 xi  2 y 2 j  z 2 k taken over the region
(10)
    bounded by x2 + y2 = 4, z = 0 and z = 3. (10)
 Evaluate the surface integral  
yzi  zx j  xyk d a,  By using vector methods, find an equation for the
S
tangent plane to the surface z = x2 + y2 at the point
Where S is the surface of the sphere x  y  z  1
2 2 2 (1, – 1, 2). (10)

in the first otant. (10)

2004
 A p p l y s t o k e s t h e o r e m t o P r o v e t h a t
  ydx  zdy  xdz   2 2 a ,
2
  
c
 Evaluate ò F .d r for the field F  grad xy z
2 3
 
Where C is the curve given by C

x 2  y 2  z 2  2ax  2ay  0 , x  y  2a. (10)

Where C is the ellipse in which the plane z = 2x +
3y cuts the cylinder x2 + y2 = 12 counter clockwise
2006 as viewed from the positive end of the z-axis
  looking towards the origin. (10)
 If f  3xyiˆ  y jˆ, determine the value of ò f .dr ,
2
     
C  
 Show that div A  B  B curl A  A .curl B
Where C is the curve y = 2x in the xy-plane from 2

(0, 0) to (1, 2). (10) (10)

      
 If u f   V Where u, v are scalar fields and f
 Evaluate Curl  
 2i  j  3k  r 


   
is a vector field , find the value of f .curl f . (10) rn

Where r  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ and r2 = x2 + y2 + z2.
 If O be the origin, A, B two fixed points and P(x,
y, z) a variables point, show that (10)
  

curl PA  PB  2 AB .    (10)  Evaluate  
   

xi  y j  zk n ds. Where S is the
S
 Using stokes theorem, determine the value of the
integral   y dx  z dy  xdz  , Where Γ is the curve (10)
surface x + y + z = 1 lying in the first octant.
2

 Expess ∇ u in spherical polar coordinates.
(10)
defined by x  y  z  a , x  z  a (10)
2 2 2 2

 Prove that the cylinderical coordinate system is

2003
orthogonal (10)  Find the expression for curvature and torsion at a
point on the curve
2005 x  a cos  , y  a sin  , z  a cot  . (10)

   
 
 For the curve r  a 3t  t i  3a t j  a 3t  t k ,
3 2 3
  
 If r is the position vector of the point (x, y, z) with
a being a constant. Show that the redius of curvature
is equal to its radius of torsion (10) respect to the origin, prove that

 Find f(r) if   is both solenoidal and
2
f r r  2 f  r   f "  r   f '  r  . Find f(r) such that
r
irrotational. (10)
      2 f  r   0 (10)
 Evaluate òò F .d s Where F  yzi  zx j  xyk
S 
 If F is solenoidal , Prove that
and ‘S’ is the part of the sphere x  y  z  1
2 2 2
 
curl curl curl curl F   4 F (10)
that lies in the first octant. (10)
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14 / VECTOR ANALYSIS IFoS - PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (2020–2000)
 Verify stoke’s Theorem when 2001
  
  
F  2 xy  x 2 i  x 2  y 2 d & C   Find an equation for the plane passing through the
points P1  3,1, 2  , P2  1, 2, 4  , P3  2, 1,1 by
is the boundary of the region closed by the
parabolas y2 = x and x2 = y. (10) using vector method. (10)

 Express and in cylinderical 

 Prove that     A   A   . A  2
  (10)
coordinates. (10)
H E
2002  If .E , .H ,  E  , H  Show that
t t
 Find the curvature and torsion of the curve,
2t  1 t2
x , y , z  t  2 . Interpret your 2 u
t 1 t 1 E & H satisfy  2 u   (10)
t 2
answer. (10)
 State stoke’s theorem and then verify if for 2 
 Given the space Curve x  t , y  t , z  t .
2
 
 
^
A  x 2  1 i  xy j integrated round the square 3
Find (1) the curvature ρ (2) the torsion τ. (10)
in the plane z = 0 whose sides are along the lines.
 I f F   y 2  z 2  x 2  i   z 2  x 2  y 2  j   x 2  y 2  z 2  k ,
x = 0, y = 0, x = 1, y = 1. (10)
 Prove that
          
   
i    A  B  B   A  B   A  A   B     evaluate òò curl F .ˆn ds,
s
taken over the portion

    of the surface x  y  z  2ax  az  0 above

2 2 2
ar a 3r  
(ii ) curl 3   3  3  a.r  ,
r r r the plane z = 0 and verify stokes theorem. (10)

a = cons tan t vector. (10)
2000
  Prove the identities:
 Show that if A ¹ 0 and both of the conditions
(1) Curl grad φ = 0, (2) div curl f = 0
          
A.B = A.C and A  B  A  C hold simultaneou- f OA ai=
I= , OB aj , OC = ak f o r m t h r e e

  coterminous edges of a cube and s denotes the

sly then B = C but if only one of these conditions
surface of the cube, evaluate
    x 
 yz  i  2 x 2 yj  2k .nds by expressing it
3

holds then B ¹ C necessarily. (10) s

as volume integral, Where n is the unit outward

 Prove the following normal to ds. (20)
 i  If u1 , u2 , u3 are general coordinates, then

  
r r r   
  and u1 , u2 , u3 are reciprocal
u1 u2 u3
system of vectors. vvv
  
 r r r    

(ii )  .   u1 .u2  u3  1  (10)
 u1 u2 u3 

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Nagar, Delhi-9. BRANCH OFFICE(HYDERBAD): H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor, Room No. 202 R.K’S-Kancham’s Blue Sapphire Ashok Nagar Hyd-20. (M) 09652351152, 09652661152