Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
DIVISION OF LEYTE
LIM-AO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LIM-AO, KANANGA, LEYTE

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS in PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Name:_______________________ Section: _____________ Date: __________ Score:________

DIRECTION: Please read and study the topics included in this learning activity sheets seriously and
diligently. WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN A SEPARATE SHEETS OF PAPER. DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING
IN YOUR LAS. Return your LAS together with your answer sheets on the next schedule of distribution and
retrieval of modules. You can photocopy this material as your reference for the upcoming examination or
you can visit our Facebook page for the soft copy of this material. PLEASE DO NOT FORGET TO
WRITE YOUR NAME IN YOUR ANSWER SHEETS.
MELCs:
1. Indicate scope and delimitation of study (CS_RS12-Id-e-5);
2. Present written statement of the problem (CS_RS12-Id-e-7);
3. Illustrates and explains the research framework (CS_RS12-If-j-6);
DURATION: 10 Days

1st Semester Quarter 1 Week 5 - 6

MODULE 2|LESSON 5: DESIGNING RESEARCH TOPIC

INTRODUCTION:
In Module 1, Lesson 3 you were taught how to identify and differentiate various research variables
and its uses. Identifying your research variables is very important since it will set the parameters of your
study. Carefully selecting your research variables also helps you to determine what will be investigated. As
a result, it will be easier for you to set the scope and delimitation of the study. This lesson focuses on how
you are going to indicate the scope and delimitation of your study.

ACTIVITY:

Activity 1. It’s the Scope and Limitation

Directions: Read the sample scope and limitation and identify the boundaries of the study by writing the
corresponding components on the table below.

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 Sample Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The main objective of this study is to provide information about students’ knowledge and perception of
genetically modified foods and their family health practices. The study also includes the student’s personal
information and occupation of their parents and siblings. This study is limited to the 120 Grade 12 Male
and Female enrolled in the First Semester, School Year 2019-2020 of Gusa Regional Science High
School – X. Each of the respondent is given questionnaire to answer. The students selected came from
six different sections to prevent subjective perceptions.

Components of the Scope and Delimitation

 Topic of the study
 Objective of the study or problems to be addressed
 Time frame in which the study will be conducted
 The locale or area where the study will be conducted
 Characteristics of the participants of the study
 Other parameters

ABSTRACTION:

Scope and Delimitation

In doing research study, we make sure that we have certainty and reasons for drawing the inclusion
and exclusion of research variables. We do not write for the sake of writing the parts of the research paper;
such as setting the scope and delimitation of your study. It is important because it draws the boundary of
your study. Without doing so, research procedures and results will not be coherent to the goal of your
study.

The scope specifies the coverage of your study such as variables, population or participant, and
timeline. Delimitation cites factors of your study that are not included or excluded or those you will not deal
in your study.

In this section of your research paper, you may also state the reasons why you did not include the
variables. A clearly written scope and delimitation of the study will make it definitely easier to answer
questions which are related or not related to your study.

Components of Scope and Delimitation

In writing the scope and delimitation of your study, you are also asking the basic profile questions of
your research. The following are the components of the scope and delimitation of the study but not limited
to:

Topic of the Study. What are the variables to be included and excluded?

Objectives or Problems to be Addressed. Why are you doing this study?

Time Frame. When are you going to conduct this study?

Locale of the Study. Where are you going to gather your data?

Characteristics of the Respondents. Who will be your respondents?

Method and Research Instruments. How are going to collect the data?

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Difference between Delimitation and Limitation of the Study

The delimitation of the study describes the various limitations that arose during the design and
conduct of the study. Along the way of conducting your study, you will encounter limitations which you
have not drawn before you start – these are the delimitations of study. Most of the delimitations arose
from the applicability or usefulness of the findings of the study to the current problem.

Variables not included in your study are also determined by delimitation of your study. While on the
other hand, limitation of the study are those variables included in your study. Hence, limitation of the
study is actually the identified scope of the study.

APPLICATION:
Activity 3. Reshape the Scope and Delimitation

Directions: Read the following scope and delimitation about a research on sickness prevention. Try to
improve its structure and coverage. You can add some details in revising this research section.

Sample

The current focuses on the relationship between socio-demographic background of the family and
their heath practices. Only 60 Grade 11 students were considered in this study as respondents. The
research lasted for two months.

Your revised version

________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

ASSESSMENT

Indicate your Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Directions: Perform the following task. Specify the scope and delimitation of your study why answering the
basic contents of this research section.
1. What are the variables to be included and excluded?
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why are you doing this study?
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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 3. When are you going to conduct this study?
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. Where are you going to gather your data?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Who will be your respondents?
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Additional Activity:
Direction: After you submit you have specified your scope and delimitation, once it is corrected in
accordance to the guidelines given, you may start writing a paragraph format of this and
incorporate it in your research manuscript.

MODULE 2|LESSON 6: PRESENTING STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

INTRODUCTION
Getting this far means you have already completed the first part of the research paper. The next
step is to present your Statement of the Problem. The following topics were already discussed and
practiced so it is time to present your output for this Module.
Research Title
Background of the Research
Research Questions
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Significance of the Study or Beneficiaries (if applicable)

ACTIVITY:

Activity 1. Personal Work Evaluation

Direction: Rate your own paper using the rubric below. For the purpose of improvement, rate your output as
honestly as you can. Use the following scale in evaluating your own paper.

5 – Very Good, 4 – Good, 3 – Fair, 2 – Poor, 1 – Needs Improvement

Indicator Self-Rating
1. Title Formulation
Variables, goal, respondents are clearly stated
2. Background of the Study
Rationale, basic literature background, gravity of the chosen problem are
established
3. Statement of the Problem
General problem, research questions are correctly stated
4. Scope and Delimitation
Indicators to be included and excluded are mentioned

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 5. Significance of the Study
Benefits and beneficiaries are discussed completely
Total Rating

Activity 2. Reflection
1. What is your highest and lowest rating? What are your reasons for giving yourself such ratings?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________
2. Overall, do you think you are ready for presentation of your research paper? Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________

ABSTRACTION:

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This is the description that leads the reader to understanding the research questions and appreciate why
they are asked.

In writing this section,

• Introduce and briefly define the variables under study
• cite the most important study or related literature
• be consistent with terms used
• ensure that paragraphs summarize unresolved issues, conflicting findings,
social concerns, or educational, national, or international issues.
• write the last paragraph to highlight the research gap

INTRODUCTION = Rationale

Introductory paragraphs
➢ Primary goal: catch the attention of the readers and to get them "turned on" about the subject.
➢ It sets the stage for the paper and puts your topic in perspective.
➢ The introduction often contains dramatic and general statements about the need for the study. It
uses dramatic illustrations or quotes to set the tone.
➢ When writing the introduction, put yourself in your reader's position – would you continue
reading?

THE RATIONALE

Rationale/ Problem Situation

State the problem clearly – discuss the problem by giving information on what exactly is the problem, how
long it has been a problem, the situation encountered, its negative consequences if not acted upon.

Previous works or reviews relevant to the problem may be cited

State the current need of the country the proposal intends to address.
The proposal should justify research expenditure in terms of the potential benefits to be derived.

A typical justification would include a brief introduction, a general statement concerning the historical bases
for R&D, utilization of the expected output, and the impact of the information/ technology to be generated

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on the current body of knowledge, the target users/beneficiaries or stakeholders (rural farm households;
industry; commodity/sector or region and the country/national economy).

Do not forget:
Background of the study
Describe the problem situation considering global, national and local forces
Justify the existence of the problem situation by citing statistical data and authoritative sources
Make clinching statement that will relate the background to the proposed research problem
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This section contains the purpose statements and the research question(s).

“This study (or research) aims to…(make congruent with title).”

“Specifically, this research (or study) seeks to answer the following questions:”

Phrase questions with the data to be collected in mind. Answer the questions and rephrase question if your
intended answer does not match the question.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

States the audience who will benefit from a study of the problem and explains how exactly the results will
be significant to them.

In writing this section,

In paragraph form, cite beneficiaries (e.g., students, professors or teachers, university administrators,
parents) of results of study.
For each beneficiary group, specifically describe how it will benefit from the findings.

APPLICATION:

Direction: Get ready for presentation of your written statement of the problem. The rubrics below will serve
as a guide on how you will be rated by your teacher. The 4C (content, coherence, creativity,
communication) technique will be used so that you can easily remember.

Rubrics for Written Statement of the Problem

5 4 3 2 1
Content (35%)
 The title is concise and understandable.
 The Problem is relevant and well-explained.
 Research gap was established.
 The scope and delimitation of the study is clearly stated and
explained.
 Overall content is comprehensive.
Coherence (25%)
 Cohesive of devices are effectively used.
 Organization of ideas is smoothly presented.

Creativity (25%)
 Writer’s voice is showcased.
 Paper uses variety of sentence structures.
 Uses appropriate language.
Communication (15%)
 Sentences are well structured
 Grammatical conventions are observed.
 Correct spelling and proper research format is followed.

Legend: 5 – to a very great extent, 4 – to a great extent,

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 3 – to some extent, 2 – to a little extent, 2 – not at all

ASSESSMENT

Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT an essential characteristic of a researchable question?

A. The question is answerable by some sort of data that can be collected.
B. Answering the question provides a positive outcome to society.
C. The question is comprehensive.
D. The question is interesting.

2. Which of the following questions is most suitable for quantitative research?

A. Will the colors of the wall affect children’s preference and engagement during play time?
B. Is there a relationship between soil components and shape of seeds?
C. Do online materials enhance the performance of students?
D. What are the features of herbal plants in the province?

3. If you are going to look for a topic idea for your research study, what is the most reliable source you are
going to consider?
A. Review of literature C. Wikipedia B. Folklores D. Blogs

4. Which of the following best describes the development process for a research question?
A. To focus your literature review, research topic must be refined first before doing a preliminary
research.
B. Preliminary research helps trim down a broad topic to a more manageable question.
C. As specific question can be broadened to make study more significant.
D. A broad topic is trimmed down to make it more interesting.

5. What refers to an issue that has not been fully addressed by previous studies?
A. Research problem C. Research question
B. Research topic D. Research gap

6. Which of the following statements is a characteristic of a good research title?

A. Short but accurate description of the content of the study.
B. Use abbreviations to shorten the number of characters.
C. All beginning letters of each word is capitalized.
D. Indicates all variables in the study.

7. Which of the following is the most common form of the research title?
A. Interrogative C. Question form B. Phrase D. Declarative
8. What part of research expresses the context of the problem that will support the validity and rationale of
the study?
A. Research title C. Background of the study
B. Research topic D. Research problem

9. Which of the following characteristics describes a good research question?

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 A. Feasible, clear, significant and includes a hypothesis
B. Feasible, clear, significant, and ethical
C. Clear, significant, and ethical
D. Feasible, clear, and ethical

10. Which if the following statements is NOT true about the background of research?
A. It elaborates on the findings or information from the literature cited.
B. It explains how the research question was derived.
C. It justifies the need to conduct the study.
D. It establishes the research gap.

11. What part of the research study states rationale of the problem and basic literature background?
A Statement of the Problem
B. Significance of the Study
C. Background of the Study
D. Scope and Delimitation
12. Quantitative research problem dealt more with
A. description and general explanation of phenomena
B. description and explanation of situations
C. precision and specificity of the problem
D. trends and patterns of chosen group

13. “What are the various learning modalities offered in Gusa Elementary School for SY 2020-21?” This is
an example of research question of what type of quantitative research?
A. Quasi-experimental research C. Correlational Research
B. Descriptive Research D. Ex post facto

14. “What is the relationship between time spent in texting and spelling ability? This is an example of
research question of what type of quantitative research?
A. Correlational Research C. Experimental research
B. Descriptive Research D. Ex post facto

15. “Is there a difference in the scores of group A from group B after the special tutorial program? This is an
example of research question of what type of quantitative research?
A. Correlational Research C. Experimental research
B. Descriptive Research D. Ex post facto

MODULE 3|LESSON 1: RESEARCH FRAMEWORK

INTRODUCTION
As you begin writing your research project, you must consider the framework that is suitable for your
study. What is a research framework? A research framework illustrates the structure or blueprint of the
research plan and helps the researcher formulate relevant research questions.

The framework consists of the key concepts and assumed relationships of the research project. It is
normally used as a guide for researchers so that they are more focused on the scope of their studies. It can
be presented using visual (diagrams, chart, etc.) and narrative (paragraph stating the concepts and
relationships of the study) forms.

ACTIVITY

Activity 1: Who is YTC?

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 Identify the following statements, whether it is true to both theoretical and conceptual framework or
not. Write (Y) for “yes” on the space at the left side of the statement if it is true to both while (T) for
“theoretical” and “C” if it is conceptual.

Answer Statement
Directly related to a specific study.
Overall view of the research study.
Considered as the blueprint of the research.
General frame of reference used in conducting the research.
Researcher’s idea of how the study will be explored.
Anchor in a particular theory existing already in the field.
Generalized in scope.
Guide in choosing an appropriate methodology.
Can be presented using both visual and narrative form.
Enable the readers to obtain a general understanding of the research study.
Considers the relevant theory underpinning the knowledge base of the phenomenon.
It may synthesize one more theory.
Can monitor possible threats to the validity of the study.
It is more focused and narrower in scope.
Develop only during the planning stage of the study.

ABSTRACTION

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The types of research frameworks are classified as the theoretical and conceptual frameworks. A
theoretical framework is commonly used for studies that anchor on time-tested theories that relate the
findings of the investigation to the underpinning relevant theory of knowledge. At the same time, a
conceptual framework refers to the actual ideas, beliefs, and tentative theories that specifically support
the study.  It is primarily a conception or model of what is out there that the researcher plans to study. 
Similarities of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
The following are the similar characteristics of Theoretical and Conceptual Framework:
1. Provide an overall view of the research study;
2. Anchor a theory that supports the study;
3. Guide in developing relevant research questions/objectives;
4. Help justify assumptions/hypothesis;
5. Aid in choosing appropriate methodology;
6. Help in gathering and interpreting data and
7. Guide in identifying possible threats to validity.

Differences between the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Theoretical framework Conceptual framework

Scope  Broader  Narrower/focused
 Can be used in different studies  Directly related to a specific study
Focus of Content  The particular theory used already in the field  Set of related concepts to a specific
study
Number of Theories  Presents one theory at a time  May synthesize one or more theories
Time of Development  Already existing before the conduct of the  Develop while planning and writing a
study specific research

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These are the following guidelines and strategies of choosing and developing a Research Framework
according to Barrot (2017, p.73).

Theoretical framework Conceptual framework

 Understand the variables included in your  Identify the key concepts in your study by referring to your
study as well as their relationship with one research questions or objectives.
another.  Search for existing theories that incorporate the same concept
 Review the existing literature related to and look into their relationships with one another.
your research topic.  Using the existing theories as a guide, plot your conceptual
 Using the information that you have framework using a concept map.
gathered from the literature, look for  In case that there are concepts not covered by the selected
possible theories that may potentially theories. Incorporate them into your framework. However, make
account for the expected results of your sure that you are incorporating this concept into your framework
research topic. because it is necessary for your paper.
 From these theories, select the one that is  After completing the initial draft of your conceptual framework,
most relevant to your study and can write a narrative explanation of each concept and how each of
provide a blueprint for your research. them relates to one another. Again, there should be a basis for
the relationship between the concepts being incorporated.
 Refer once again to your research questions. Check if the
conceptual framework is aligned with them.
 Note that the process of creating a conceptual framework is
developmental. This means that it may still be refined or
changed as you read more literature and look into more
theories.
 In some cases, the research hypothesis is presented at the end
of the conceptual framework.

Concept Map

A concept map is a visual representation of information that helps show the relationship between
ideas. Concept maps begin with the main topic and then branch out into sub-topics, reflecting the
connection of all the elements in the study. It can also provide and organize new ideas.

It is composed of different figures such as lines, circles, boxes, and other marks or symbols which
represent the elements of your research. It can take the form of charts, graphic organizers, tables,
flowcharts, Venn Diagrams, timelines, or T-charts. Concept map arranges related ideas in a hierarchy. You
start broad, and the sub-topics will get more and more specific. It also helps you in formulating a specific
topic from the general or the main idea with significant connections of information. In other words,
understanding the big picture makes the details more significant and easier to comprehend.

Concept maps are very useful for researchers and readers who understand better visually. With the
proper connection of lines and linking arrows to shapes and other symbols representing your concepts
about the research, the readers can visualize a comprehensive picture of your study.

However, in the concept map, you are not yet actually researching your study. It is developing or
creating your plan or blueprint so that you will be guided on the flow and direction of your research study.
And that includes your research questions, variables, and methodology. It means that you are just
gathering and soliciting ideas on what you could learn about your chosen topic.

Before creating your conceptual framework, you have to understand first the different variables of
your study. Although these were already discussed in the previous module for the purpose of utilizing it in
your framework, an in-depth concept is a need.

The independent variable is the “presumed cause” of the research problem. It is the reason for
any “change” or difference in a dependent variable. It can be purposely manipulated by the researcher,

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depending on the focus of the study. It maybe can cause, influence, or affect the result or outcome of the
study. It is also called as the experimental, treatment, antecedent, or predictor variable. Moreover, it refers
to the variable that is stable and unaffected by the other variables you are trying to measure.

The dependent variable is the “presumed effect” of the research problem. It is usually the problem
itself or the element that is being questioned. This variable is altered as a result of experimental
manipulation of the independent variable or variables. It is also called as the criterion, effect, response, or
outcome variable which captures the interest of the researcher and requires analysis, interpretation, and
implication of the findings of the study. The variable that depends on other factors that are measured and
are affected or influenced by the independent variable.

The moderating variable is an independent variable which influences the direction and the
strength of the connection between independent and dependent variables. The independent variable
interacts with the moderator variable, which makes the relationship of the independent and dependent
variable stronger or weaker. It alters the effect that an independent variable has on a dependent variable
base on its value. The moderator thus influences the effective component of the cause-effect relationship
between the two variables. This is also called as the interaction effect.

Mediating variable or Intervening variable is an element that exists between the independent to

the dependent variable. A mediator (or mediating) variable is an integral part of the cause-effect
relationship and helps us to understand the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
It is a variable that describes the effect and influence of the relationship between the variables and what is
controlling that relationship. This is also called as correlated or mediator variables

The control variable is a special type of independent variable that can influence the dependent
variable. It takes an active role in quantitative studies. Statistical procedures are used to control this
variable. It is useful to integrate the control variables into your research study, but it is not the main focus.

It has somehow an effect on the dependent variable and an extension of the independent variable.
However, if you omit the control variable from your study, the findings would be less accurate. It is mostly
relevant if your study is about to prove a cause-effect relationship by undertaking statistical analysis.

The Input-Process-Output Model

     The Input-Process-Output Model (IPO) is a conceptual paradigm which indicates the inputs, required
process, and the output. This approach is seated on the premise of acquiring essential information by
converting inputs into outputs through the required processing steps in obtaining the result. The IPO Model
is also referred to as a functional model that is usually used in action research where an intervention or
solution is necessary to solve the identified problem. 

      The Input is usually the independent variable of the study. Meanwhile, the Process is the intervention
or solution consist of the instruments and analyses used to acquire the result. Lastly, the Output is the
findings or outcome of the interventions being made to solve the identified problem.

Common Example of Conceptual Framework

As you read on different research studies, the common conceptual frameworks used of most
studies are the independent and dependent variable model and the input, process, and output model.

A. Independent Variable - Dependent Variable Model (IV-DV)

For example:

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 Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the Independent and Dependent Variables of the Study.

This conceptual framework shows the independent and dependent variables of the study. It is
presumed that the greater number of hours a student prepares for the exam, the higher would be the
expected academic performance.

B. The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)

   
For example:

Figure 2. The schematic diagram of the Input, Process, and Output Approach of the Study.

This conceptual framework shows the input, process, and output approach of the study. The input is
the independent variable, which includes the socio-demographic and food safety profile of the respondents.
The process includes the tools and analyses in gathering the data, while the output is the outcome based
on the results of the study.

Example 1

Research Title: Effect of Mentoring Program on Academic Performance among Senior High School
Students

Conceptual Paradigm:

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 Effect of Mentoring
Program

In this conceptual framework, it is expected that the students who underwent the mentoring program
will have better academic performance than those who did not.

Example 2

Research Title: Awareness on the Safety Precaution against COVID 19 among the Senior Citizens
who are living in the Home Care Facilities: Basis for a Proposed Intervention Program

Conceptual Paradigm:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Socio-demographic Profile

1. Age 1. Profiling
2. Sex
3. Marital Status 2. Survey Tool Proposed
4. Educational Intervention
3. Data Gathering Program
Attainment
Safety Precaution Awareness 4. Data Analysis
Against COVID 19 and Interpretation
1. Causes
2. Management

In this conceptual framework, the input is the baseline information about the respondents.
Necessary steps and procedures are to be implemented to obtain the vital data as a result and findings of
the research. Furthermore, these findings will be the basis for a proposed intervention program as the

APPLICATION
output of the study.

After thorough reading on the guidelines on how to make your conceptual framework, kindly answer
the following activities. You are given the title of the research study and the variables in the framework.
Designate which box or variable you are going to place the different elements in the study. Make sure to
identify only the factors that can affect the result of the study. (Note that not all of the elements are
applicable.)

Activity 1: Spot the Variable (Part 1)

Research Title: Medical Intervention and the Number of Patients Recovering from Pneumonia

Conceptual Paradigm:

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 Elements/Factors

1. Health Care Facilities 5. Number of Patients Recovered from Pneumonia

2. Work Experience of the Medical Team 6. Immune System of the Patient
3. Medical intervention 7. Patient’s Employment
4. Social Status of the Patient

In this conceptual framework, there are assumed moderating variables that are taken into
consideration that somehow they would influence the relationship between the independent and the
dependent variable. They can affect the strength of the connection of the variables.

Activity 2: Spot the Variable (Part 2)

Research Title: Effects of the Social Responsibility of a Corporation to its Organizational
Performance

Conceptual Paradigm:

Elements/Factors

1. Organizational Performance 5. Employee’s Dedication

2. Total Number of Employees 6. Administrative Commitment
3. Clients’ Loyalty 7. Corporate Business Location
4. Corporate Social Responsibility 8. Type of Business

In this conceptual framework, there are assumed moderating variables that are taken into
consideration that somehow can affect the relationship of the independent variable to the dependent
variable. Hence, they would potentially influence the dependent variable.

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Activity 3: Name that Title

Direction: Base on the knowledge and understanding that you have gained from the previous
examples and activities, you have now captured the idea on how to make a conceptual framework from the
research title. With this, you are now given the framework, and you need to formulate the research title
according to the elements and factors that are present in the variables. Give three (3) possible research
titles that would reflect on the given variables. Write your answers in the box provided below.

Conceptual Paradigm:

Answers:

ASSESSMENT

Task 1: Build a Framework

Create an initial research framework for your research study. Consider the relationship between the
concepts and variables in your research. Then prepare a concept map representing this relationship
visually. Use the space below for your answer, or you may use a separate paper if the space provided is
not enough.

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Task 2: Say Something

After finishing your map, describe it in no more than ten (10) sentences. Use the space below for
your answer, or you may use a separate paper if the space provided is not enough.

Additional Activity

Direction: After you submit your research framework, once it is corrected in accordance with
the guidelines given, you may start incorporating your research framework into your research
manuscript.

Good job! You’ve finished Module 1.

ALDRIN C. DELA CRUZ

Subject Teacher

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